Ex-situ conservation
... Biorepositories such as gene banks have an explicit ex-situ mandate. Other institutions such as zoos and botanical gardens are increasingly taking on roles as genetic reservoirs against extinction and captive breeding for future re-introduction programmes. Institutions make the most out of their ex- ...
... Biorepositories such as gene banks have an explicit ex-situ mandate. Other institutions such as zoos and botanical gardens are increasingly taking on roles as genetic reservoirs against extinction and captive breeding for future re-introduction programmes. Institutions make the most out of their ex- ...
IMPACT: Toward a framework for understanding the
... of altered patterns of natural selection or gene flow within native populations, or direct, through hybridization and introgression. When they exert strong selective pressures, nonindigenous species can be expected to alter allelic frequencies in natural populations; however, proven examples are few ...
... of altered patterns of natural selection or gene flow within native populations, or direct, through hybridization and introgression. When they exert strong selective pressures, nonindigenous species can be expected to alter allelic frequencies in natural populations; however, proven examples are few ...
Species richness and environmental fluctuation affect population
... reducing its synchrony with other populations of same species. More direct evidence for the significant role of species interactions comes from experimental work by Vasseur and Fox (2009), who have demonstrated that both dispersal and the Moran effect (i.e., the correlated environmental variation th ...
... reducing its synchrony with other populations of same species. More direct evidence for the significant role of species interactions comes from experimental work by Vasseur and Fox (2009), who have demonstrated that both dispersal and the Moran effect (i.e., the correlated environmental variation th ...
Sterling, Bynum, et al. Why Should You Care About Biologic…
... resources for conservation and research, we cannot invest this amount of effort on all of the existing species with small or declining populations (much less species heading for these categories). Therefore, genetic work needs to be undertaken in combination with conservation at larger scales. Conse ...
... resources for conservation and research, we cannot invest this amount of effort on all of the existing species with small or declining populations (much less species heading for these categories). Therefore, genetic work needs to be undertaken in combination with conservation at larger scales. Conse ...
Connections between ecology, biogeography, and paleobiology
... in the sample and relative latitudinal position within its contemporary geographic range. Species near the edges of their ranges showed uniformly low abundances, whereas those near the centres exhibited a wide range of abundances. Species near the edges of their ranges also appear to have exhibited ...
... in the sample and relative latitudinal position within its contemporary geographic range. Species near the edges of their ranges showed uniformly low abundances, whereas those near the centres exhibited a wide range of abundances. Species near the edges of their ranges also appear to have exhibited ...
Moving beyond assumptions to understand abundance distributions
... our ability to determine causes of range shifts [53,63–65]. Sagarin et al. [66] were limited in their ability to interpret significant changes in intertidal invertebrate abundance at the Hopkins Marine Station (HMS) in Monterey, CA between the 1930s and the warmer period of the 1990s. They found tha ...
... our ability to determine causes of range shifts [53,63–65]. Sagarin et al. [66] were limited in their ability to interpret significant changes in intertidal invertebrate abundance at the Hopkins Marine Station (HMS) in Monterey, CA between the 1930s and the warmer period of the 1990s. They found tha ...
Mean extinction time of populations under toxicant stress and
... Some numerical evaluations of the above-mentioned analytical solutions and the scaling law may reveal the relative precision of the scaling law in comparison with the exact solutions of MET (Fig. 2a and b). Figure 2a shows how decrements of log MET (D log T) change in response to decreases of r/v. T ...
... Some numerical evaluations of the above-mentioned analytical solutions and the scaling law may reveal the relative precision of the scaling law in comparison with the exact solutions of MET (Fig. 2a and b). Figure 2a shows how decrements of log MET (D log T) change in response to decreases of r/v. T ...
Species-Area Relationship for Stream Fishes
... types profoundly influence the structure and function of animal communities (Brussock et al. 1985, Huryn and Wallace 1987). A series of habitat patches within a stream may be viewed conceptually as an archipelago, albeit with two important differences from true islands. First, single patches of habi ...
... types profoundly influence the structure and function of animal communities (Brussock et al. 1985, Huryn and Wallace 1987). A series of habitat patches within a stream may be viewed conceptually as an archipelago, albeit with two important differences from true islands. First, single patches of habi ...
Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenization
... years, even decades (as with trout), examples do exist where genetic swamping has occurred within abbreviated time frames. For example, within a four-year period following its introduction, the exotic pupfish Cyprinodon variegatus was involved in a large-scale introgressive hybridization event with ...
... years, even decades (as with trout), examples do exist where genetic swamping has occurred within abbreviated time frames. For example, within a four-year period following its introduction, the exotic pupfish Cyprinodon variegatus was involved in a large-scale introgressive hybridization event with ...
Reintroducing captive breed species – the effects
... relaxed environment such as a zoo leads to a general fitness decline up to 40% per generation in captivity. A reintroduction of a species that is bred in a zoo will lead to a decreased reintroduction success the longer time it is kept in captivity. The reintroduction of a captive bred species can al ...
... relaxed environment such as a zoo leads to a general fitness decline up to 40% per generation in captivity. A reintroduction of a species that is bred in a zoo will lead to a decreased reintroduction success the longer time it is kept in captivity. The reintroduction of a captive bred species can al ...
Impact: Toward a Framework for Understanding the Ecological
... of natural selection or gene flow within native populations, or direct, through hybridization and introgression. When they exert strong selective pressures, nonindigenous species can be expected to alter allelic frequencies in natural populations; however, proven examples are few (e.g., Burdon et al ...
... of natural selection or gene flow within native populations, or direct, through hybridization and introgression. When they exert strong selective pressures, nonindigenous species can be expected to alter allelic frequencies in natural populations; however, proven examples are few (e.g., Burdon et al ...
Impact: toward a framework for understanding
... of natural selection or gene flow within native populations, or direct, through hybridization and introgression. When they exert strong selective pressures, nonindigenous species can be expected to alter allelic frequencies in natural populations; however, proven examples are few (e.g., Burdon et al ...
... of natural selection or gene flow within native populations, or direct, through hybridization and introgression. When they exert strong selective pressures, nonindigenous species can be expected to alter allelic frequencies in natural populations; however, proven examples are few (e.g., Burdon et al ...
1 BILLING CODE 3510-22-P DEPARTMENT OF
... In assessing extinction risk of this species, we considered the demographic viability factors developed by McElhany et al. (2000) and the risk matrix approach developed by Wainwright and Kope (1999) to organize and summarize extinction risk considerations. The approach of considering demographic ris ...
... In assessing extinction risk of this species, we considered the demographic viability factors developed by McElhany et al. (2000) and the risk matrix approach developed by Wainwright and Kope (1999) to organize and summarize extinction risk considerations. The approach of considering demographic ris ...
species diversity
... 1.1 Habitat alteration • The greatest cause of extinction today • Accounts for 85% of population declines of birds and mammals • Habitat change hurts most organisms because they are adapted to an existing habitat. • Alteration due to: Forest clearing Urban development, Agriculture Global climate cha ...
... 1.1 Habitat alteration • The greatest cause of extinction today • Accounts for 85% of population declines of birds and mammals • Habitat change hurts most organisms because they are adapted to an existing habitat. • Alteration due to: Forest clearing Urban development, Agriculture Global climate cha ...
does local competition increase the coexistence of species in
... measures of species coexistence, the number of generations until the first extinction (short-term coexistence) and the final species richness at the end of one iteration (long-term coexistence). Global competition.—The only difference between the local and global competition models was the absence of ...
... measures of species coexistence, the number of generations until the first extinction (short-term coexistence) and the final species richness at the end of one iteration (long-term coexistence). Global competition.—The only difference between the local and global competition models was the absence of ...
Chapter 11 Environment: The Science behind the Stories 4th Edition
... - Wild and rare species can improve food security • New potential food crops are waiting to be used - Serendipity berry is 3,000 times sweeter than sugar • Genetic diversity within crops is enormously valuable - Turkey’s wheat crops received $50 billion worth of ...
... - Wild and rare species can improve food security • New potential food crops are waiting to be used - Serendipity berry is 3,000 times sweeter than sugar • Genetic diversity within crops is enormously valuable - Turkey’s wheat crops received $50 billion worth of ...
Measuring the diversity of what? And for what purpose?
... It can be interpreted as an effective species number in the sense that 1/p1 gives the equivalent number of equally abundant (hypothetical) species with the same relative abundance as the most abundant species in the community. If, for example, in a community of n = 5 different species the most commo ...
... It can be interpreted as an effective species number in the sense that 1/p1 gives the equivalent number of equally abundant (hypothetical) species with the same relative abundance as the most abundant species in the community. If, for example, in a community of n = 5 different species the most commo ...
Coexistence of nearly neutral species - SYSU
... Yu et al. (1998) by investigating the effect of non-neutrality on community diversity patterns (species-abundance and speciesarea curves). Fuentes (2004) first extended Yu et al.’s work by simulating a spatially explicit nearly neutral system by considering slight differences in the viability of ind ...
... Yu et al. (1998) by investigating the effect of non-neutrality on community diversity patterns (species-abundance and speciesarea curves). Fuentes (2004) first extended Yu et al.’s work by simulating a spatially explicit nearly neutral system by considering slight differences in the viability of ind ...
Community and ecosystem effects of intraspecific genetic diversity in
... diversity on trophic interactions and disease dynamics (reviewed by Hughes et al. 2008), but such studies are largely limited to communities dominated by one species. The influence of intraspecific variation in communities of multiple interacting plant species on community or ecosystem dynamics remain ...
... diversity on trophic interactions and disease dynamics (reviewed by Hughes et al. 2008), but such studies are largely limited to communities dominated by one species. The influence of intraspecific variation in communities of multiple interacting plant species on community or ecosystem dynamics remain ...
Effects of local adaptation and interspecific competition on species
... species’ range because of local adaptation.14 This depression could reduce the potential number of colonists for range expansion until gene flow, an increase in low-frequency alleles, or advantageous mutations enable local evolution.15 The direct effects of a changing climate, such as changing tempe ...
... species’ range because of local adaptation.14 This depression could reduce the potential number of colonists for range expansion until gene flow, an increase in low-frequency alleles, or advantageous mutations enable local evolution.15 The direct effects of a changing climate, such as changing tempe ...
Species Invasions and the Relationships between Species Diversity
... or diversity of species in a community and the extent to which that community maintains its functioning. Indeed, experimental tests of relationships between diversity and ecosystem processes such as productivity, stability, and invasibility have increased rapidly in the last 10 years (e.g., see chap ...
... or diversity of species in a community and the extent to which that community maintains its functioning. Indeed, experimental tests of relationships between diversity and ecosystem processes such as productivity, stability, and invasibility have increased rapidly in the last 10 years (e.g., see chap ...
The Community Biodiversity Index and Biodiversity Awareness
... world. In 2015 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reported that species extinctions are continuing at about 1,000 times the natural rate, calculated from fossil records. Threats to biodiversity include habitat destruction, land conversion for agriculture and development, clima ...
... world. In 2015 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reported that species extinctions are continuing at about 1,000 times the natural rate, calculated from fossil records. Threats to biodiversity include habitat destruction, land conversion for agriculture and development, clima ...
CRS Report for Congress Endangered Species List Revisions:
... Central to the debate before Congress over appropriations for or reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) is the question of whether the Act actually works. Different standards have been used to judge the ESA a failure and a success. Opponents of the Act contend that the ESA has failed wh ...
... Central to the debate before Congress over appropriations for or reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) is the question of whether the Act actually works. Different standards have been used to judge the ESA a failure and a success. Opponents of the Act contend that the ESA has failed wh ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.