Biodiversity and aquatic ecosystem functioning
... second concerns definitions based on the ability of a system to withstand change. In this latter case, the concepts of resistance (the degree to which a parameter changes after a disturbance) and resilience (the ability of an ecosystem to recoil back to its equilibrium or non-equilibrium state after ...
... second concerns definitions based on the ability of a system to withstand change. In this latter case, the concepts of resistance (the degree to which a parameter changes after a disturbance) and resilience (the ability of an ecosystem to recoil back to its equilibrium or non-equilibrium state after ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... c. Their presence mitigates the deleterious effects of habitat fragmentation. d. They are most effective as a conservation measure for species that disperse little. e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 59.3 What Factors Threaten Species Persistence? Page: 1247 Bloom’s Category: 2. Unde ...
... c. Their presence mitigates the deleterious effects of habitat fragmentation. d. They are most effective as a conservation measure for species that disperse little. e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 59.3 What Factors Threaten Species Persistence? Page: 1247 Bloom’s Category: 2. Unde ...
chapter 4—biodiversity and evolution
... 25. Estimates indicate the average annual background extinction rate is one to five species for each million species on earth. PTS: ...
... 25. Estimates indicate the average annual background extinction rate is one to five species for each million species on earth. PTS: ...
Species loss and the structure and functioning of multitrophic
... and especially species composition can have large impacts on ecosystem functioning via direct and indirect pathways (Downing and Leibold 2002). In situations where species diversity changes across more than one trophic level, diversity at adjacent trophic levels can act synergistically to affect eco ...
... and especially species composition can have large impacts on ecosystem functioning via direct and indirect pathways (Downing and Leibold 2002). In situations where species diversity changes across more than one trophic level, diversity at adjacent trophic levels can act synergistically to affect eco ...
Environmental Fitness for Sustained Population Dynamics
... also emit spores when they are ready to spawn but found no compatible spore at their current location. This second way also indirectly implies having acquired enough energy. As said in introduction, restriction for emission on energy gain was set up as an attempt for directing evolution through reso ...
... also emit spores when they are ready to spawn but found no compatible spore at their current location. This second way also indirectly implies having acquired enough energy. As said in introduction, restriction for emission on energy gain was set up as an attempt for directing evolution through reso ...
Habitat diversity and species diversity: testing the
... environmental axes (Birch 1957, Park 1962, May 1975). A species’ ‘‘fundamental’’ niche is a volume within a multidimensional space whose axes are different abiotic and biotic conditions (Hutchinson 1957). Species may compete for habitat and resources, resources but not habitat, or habitat but not re ...
... environmental axes (Birch 1957, Park 1962, May 1975). A species’ ‘‘fundamental’’ niche is a volume within a multidimensional space whose axes are different abiotic and biotic conditions (Hutchinson 1957). Species may compete for habitat and resources, resources but not habitat, or habitat but not re ...
How Do Species Interactions Affect Evolutionary Dynamics Across
... extinct). This depends on ecological tolerance (the width of environment that a phenotype can tolerate) and phenotypic plasticity (the extent to which a given genotype can change its phenotype; see Chevin et al. 2010). There could be opposing effects: If tolerance or plasticity is too high, species ...
... extinct). This depends on ecological tolerance (the width of environment that a phenotype can tolerate) and phenotypic plasticity (the extent to which a given genotype can change its phenotype; see Chevin et al. 2010). There could be opposing effects: If tolerance or plasticity is too high, species ...
Threats to Biodiversity - Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
... natural resources began to dramatically outstrip natural rates of replacement. Thus, humans have had enormous impacts on the form and diversity of ecosystems. Ultimately, we have set in motion the sixth great mass extinction event in the history of the Earth—and the only one caused by a living speci ...
... natural resources began to dramatically outstrip natural rates of replacement. Thus, humans have had enormous impacts on the form and diversity of ecosystems. Ultimately, we have set in motion the sixth great mass extinction event in the history of the Earth—and the only one caused by a living speci ...
The interplay of physical and biotic factors in
... Large-scale evolutionary patterns are shaped by the interplay of physical and biotic processes. We have a new appreciation of the role of physical constraints and perturbations in evolution, and the challenge is to evaluate the roles of physical, intrinsic biotic and extrinsic biotic factors in spec ...
... Large-scale evolutionary patterns are shaped by the interplay of physical and biotic processes. We have a new appreciation of the role of physical constraints and perturbations in evolution, and the challenge is to evaluate the roles of physical, intrinsic biotic and extrinsic biotic factors in spec ...
Study Guide for Final
... 16. Understand how energy and nutrients (matter) move through ecosystems. 17. Understand the first and second laws of thermodynamics 18. Understand the biogeochemical cycles and their components: carbon cycle; water cycle; nitrogen cycle. Be able to explain and diagram each cycle. 19. Understand the ...
... 16. Understand how energy and nutrients (matter) move through ecosystems. 17. Understand the first and second laws of thermodynamics 18. Understand the biogeochemical cycles and their components: carbon cycle; water cycle; nitrogen cycle. Be able to explain and diagram each cycle. 19. Understand the ...
Extinction and the zoogeography of West Indian land mammals
... non-volant mammals throughout the Tertiary and eight times greater in the Pleistocene, prrsumably reflecting their greater dispersal abilities. These immigration rates should be considered rough values, owing to deficiencies in the fossil record, especially the absence of pre-Pleistocene fossils. Ex ...
... non-volant mammals throughout the Tertiary and eight times greater in the Pleistocene, prrsumably reflecting their greater dispersal abilities. These immigration rates should be considered rough values, owing to deficiencies in the fossil record, especially the absence of pre-Pleistocene fossils. Ex ...
Species interaction mechanisms maintain grassland
... Loreau and Hector’s (2001) additive partition of the net biodiversity effect. A positive net biodiversity effect occurs when mixture biomass production exceeds its expected value based on species’ biomass production in monoculture (Loreau and Hector 2001). Loreau and Hector (2001) additively partiti ...
... Loreau and Hector’s (2001) additive partition of the net biodiversity effect. A positive net biodiversity effect occurs when mixture biomass production exceeds its expected value based on species’ biomass production in monoculture (Loreau and Hector 2001). Loreau and Hector (2001) additively partiti ...
station #1 - Scioly.org
... damage shown in the image. [1] 2. Provide the common name for INVASIVE SPECIES #15 that caused the damage shown in the image. [1] 3. In direct response to INVASIVE SPECIES #15, New York State recently updated its regulations to respond to this threat. These regulations are found in NYSDEC Section 19 ...
... damage shown in the image. [1] 2. Provide the common name for INVASIVE SPECIES #15 that caused the damage shown in the image. [1] 3. In direct response to INVASIVE SPECIES #15, New York State recently updated its regulations to respond to this threat. These regulations are found in NYSDEC Section 19 ...
Do persistent rare species experience stronger negative frequency
... both intra- and interspecific competition. If a series of unfavourable years pushes it to the brink of extinction, it will still suffer from strong interspecific competition from more abundant competitors, limiting the rate at which it can rebound to its (stochastic) equilibrium abundance, and incre ...
... both intra- and interspecific competition. If a series of unfavourable years pushes it to the brink of extinction, it will still suffer from strong interspecific competition from more abundant competitors, limiting the rate at which it can rebound to its (stochastic) equilibrium abundance, and incre ...
Biodiversity Webquest
... What is Biodiversity?- Go to the “Global Issues – Biodiversity” web site http://www.globalissues.org/issue/169/biodiversity 1. What is the definition this website gives for biodiversity? ...
... What is Biodiversity?- Go to the “Global Issues – Biodiversity” web site http://www.globalissues.org/issue/169/biodiversity 1. What is the definition this website gives for biodiversity? ...
a full - British Ecological Society
... 4. Thus, theory says that species interactions are a necessary but not sufficient condition for local saturation in ecological time. 5. We then argue that unsaturated (Type I) assemblages are likely to be ubiquitous in nature and that even saturated (Type II) assemblages may not show hard limits to ...
... 4. Thus, theory says that species interactions are a necessary but not sufficient condition for local saturation in ecological time. 5. We then argue that unsaturated (Type I) assemblages are likely to be ubiquitous in nature and that even saturated (Type II) assemblages may not show hard limits to ...
Species interactions, local and regional processes, and limits to the
... dragonflies or salamanders, or a several hectare woodland for a guild of foliage-gleaning birds. The scale of the local habitat will generally increase for taxa having larger body sizes and wider home ranges. The distinction between local and regional spatial scales is important because the relative ...
... dragonflies or salamanders, or a several hectare woodland for a guild of foliage-gleaning birds. The scale of the local habitat will generally increase for taxa having larger body sizes and wider home ranges. The distinction between local and regional spatial scales is important because the relative ...
Preview Sample 2
... are a favorite food of immigrants from China, and live fish can frequently be found in Asian markets. It's suspected that the fish in the Crofton pond were purchased locally and then intentionally released. Snakeheads are top predators, and 90% of the northern snakeheads' diet consists of other fish ...
... are a favorite food of immigrants from China, and live fish can frequently be found in Asian markets. It's suspected that the fish in the Crofton pond were purchased locally and then intentionally released. Snakeheads are top predators, and 90% of the northern snakeheads' diet consists of other fish ...
Chapter 268 - Captive Breeding and Reintroduction
... retain a higher proportion of genetic variation usually increases the target population size. Increasing the number of founders reduces the size of the target population needed to reach a particular goal. Twenty to thirty unrelated individuals are generally a sufficient number of founders. Unfortuna ...
... retain a higher proportion of genetic variation usually increases the target population size. Increasing the number of founders reduces the size of the target population needed to reach a particular goal. Twenty to thirty unrelated individuals are generally a sufficient number of founders. Unfortuna ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.