DISPERSAL LIMITATION, INVASION RESISTANCE, AND THE
... gional coexistence depends on an interspecific tradeoff between the ability to compete for resources and to disperse (Levins and Culver 1971, Tilman 1994). Because there is no reason to suspect that such a tradeoff exists in zooplankton, I predicted that zooplankton diversity and biomass would be gr ...
... gional coexistence depends on an interspecific tradeoff between the ability to compete for resources and to disperse (Levins and Culver 1971, Tilman 1994). Because there is no reason to suspect that such a tradeoff exists in zooplankton, I predicted that zooplankton diversity and biomass would be gr ...
Community Patterns in Source
... Species Abundance Patterns. Figure 1 shows species relative abundances in a local community at equilibrium as a function of the proportion of dispersal within the metacommunity in the case when regional heterogeneity is maximal. When dispersal was zero, dominance by the best local competitor was com ...
... Species Abundance Patterns. Figure 1 shows species relative abundances in a local community at equilibrium as a function of the proportion of dispersal within the metacommunity in the case when regional heterogeneity is maximal. When dispersal was zero, dominance by the best local competitor was com ...
The Use of Extant Non-Indigenous Tortoises as a Restoration Tool
... Island was a low-risk, high reward strategy (Table 1), based on the biological characteristics of these tortoises and the attributes of Round Island. According to fossil evidence, the low lying Aldabra atoll, home to A. gigantea, was colonized at least three times by these giant tortoises, following ...
... Island was a low-risk, high reward strategy (Table 1), based on the biological characteristics of these tortoises and the attributes of Round Island. According to fossil evidence, the low lying Aldabra atoll, home to A. gigantea, was colonized at least three times by these giant tortoises, following ...
Social and landscape effects on food webs: a
... The interplay of horizontal and vertical effects is an essential property of living systems and modelling this can shed more light on better understanding the diversity and vulnerability of natural ecosystems (and food web assembly [16]). For example, the trade-off between competition ability and mo ...
... The interplay of horizontal and vertical effects is an essential property of living systems and modelling this can shed more light on better understanding the diversity and vulnerability of natural ecosystems (and food web assembly [16]). For example, the trade-off between competition ability and mo ...
Invasions and Extinctions Reshape Coastal
... in primary consumer richness, terrestrial systems may experience greater species gain at the producer level. Research on the consequences of these types of changes in the number of species at multiple trophic levels is still relatively new [11], despite a thorough understanding of the consequences o ...
... in primary consumer richness, terrestrial systems may experience greater species gain at the producer level. Research on the consequences of these types of changes in the number of species at multiple trophic levels is still relatively new [11], despite a thorough understanding of the consequences o ...
Palaeontologia Electronica Extinction: Evolution and the End of Man
... this glaring oversight, the reader is at first tantalized to explore the connections between humans and current extinction events. Unfortunately, this book contains so many contradictory statements and factual errors that it was difficult to draw any significant conclusions. The poor writing, inflam ...
... this glaring oversight, the reader is at first tantalized to explore the connections between humans and current extinction events. Unfortunately, this book contains so many contradictory statements and factual errors that it was difficult to draw any significant conclusions. The poor writing, inflam ...
Mt Gibson Endangered Wildlife Restoration Project
... extinctions to date have occurred in this zone. A large proportion of our surviving arid and semi-arid zone mammal species have suffered massive range contractions and a catastrophic drop in population size. Put simply, if you are a small-medium sized mammal in the arid or semi-arid zones, it is lik ...
... extinctions to date have occurred in this zone. A large proportion of our surviving arid and semi-arid zone mammal species have suffered massive range contractions and a catastrophic drop in population size. Put simply, if you are a small-medium sized mammal in the arid or semi-arid zones, it is lik ...
Pages 304-308 - Lakeland Regional High School
... extinctions • In the past 440 million years, mass extinctions have eliminated at least 50% of all species • After every mass extinction the biodiversity returned to or exceeded its original state (but required millions of years) ...
... extinctions • In the past 440 million years, mass extinctions have eliminated at least 50% of all species • After every mass extinction the biodiversity returned to or exceeded its original state (but required millions of years) ...
05_3eTIF
... they can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring). If a physical boundary such as a stream divides the two populations, restricting gene flow between them, and a speciation event occurs, this is termed allopatric speciation. If it occurs in one location without a physical barrier, this is sympa ...
... they can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring). If a physical boundary such as a stream divides the two populations, restricting gene flow between them, and a speciation event occurs, this is termed allopatric speciation. If it occurs in one location without a physical barrier, this is sympa ...
Kratina Food Web Persistence 2015 Accepted
... maintains the potential for its density to rise to an ecological-important level, regardless of its ...
... maintains the potential for its density to rise to an ecological-important level, regardless of its ...
Integrating Different Organizational Levels in Benthic Biodiversity
... numbers of species can show which processes are possible, but that manipulating high numbers of species gives an idea about which processes may become important in nature (Bell et al., 2005). Their study system consisted of semi-permanent rain pools from the base of European beech trees. In another ...
... numbers of species can show which processes are possible, but that manipulating high numbers of species gives an idea about which processes may become important in nature (Bell et al., 2005). Their study system consisted of semi-permanent rain pools from the base of European beech trees. In another ...
Historical and ecological dimensions of global patterns
... beginning, an evolutionary scenario could easily account for the latitudinal gradient of diversity between present-day tropical and temperate latitudes. More than half the families of flowering plants (52%) are restricted to the tropics, and only 15% are distributed primarily in temperate latitudes ...
... beginning, an evolutionary scenario could easily account for the latitudinal gradient of diversity between present-day tropical and temperate latitudes. More than half the families of flowering plants (52%) are restricted to the tropics, and only 15% are distributed primarily in temperate latitudes ...
Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions
... evidence indicates that woolly mammoths were extirpated from mainland North America by 12 800 years ago. Extinction refers to the worldwide demise of a species. There is a very important difference between these two phenomena, because, during the Pleistocene, extreme environmental changes caused the ...
... evidence indicates that woolly mammoths were extirpated from mainland North America by 12 800 years ago. Extinction refers to the worldwide demise of a species. There is a very important difference between these two phenomena, because, during the Pleistocene, extreme environmental changes caused the ...
Nonrandom extinction patterns can modulate pest control service
... pest reduction from carrying capacity against pest coverage using simulated communities (n ¼ 25) as replicates. We also investigated whether increasing the number of predator species present reduces the abundance of their single shared prey species. This could occur if diversity increases the likeli ...
... pest reduction from carrying capacity against pest coverage using simulated communities (n ¼ 25) as replicates. We also investigated whether increasing the number of predator species present reduces the abundance of their single shared prey species. This could occur if diversity increases the likeli ...
University of Washington
... et al., 2005). The end result is that freshwater fishes are among the most imperilled faunas worldwide. For instance, 40 of the known 1061 North American freshwater fish species became extinct during the twentieth century. This extinction rate is 1000 times higher than the estimated background level ...
... et al., 2005). The end result is that freshwater fishes are among the most imperilled faunas worldwide. For instance, 40 of the known 1061 North American freshwater fish species became extinct during the twentieth century. This extinction rate is 1000 times higher than the estimated background level ...
What does biodiversity actually do? A review for managers and
... Uses of the term in policy have tended to follow the lead of the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) which defines biodiversity as ‘‘…the variability among living organisms from all sources including … terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which th ...
... Uses of the term in policy have tended to follow the lead of the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) which defines biodiversity as ‘‘…the variability among living organisms from all sources including … terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which th ...
ch11_Lecture_3e - Lakeland Central School District
... Earth has experienced five mass extinctions • In the past 440 million years, mass extinctions have eliminated at least 50% of all species • After every mass extinction the biodiversity returned to or exceeded its original state ...
... Earth has experienced five mass extinctions • In the past 440 million years, mass extinctions have eliminated at least 50% of all species • After every mass extinction the biodiversity returned to or exceeded its original state ...
Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive
... eutrophication. Genetic cluster analysis identified four species, with all four being well represented in pre-eutrophication scale samples. Out of all of the post-eutrophication samples, only five individuals were assigned to the now extinct summer- and deep-spawning Coregonus gutturosus (Supplement ...
... eutrophication. Genetic cluster analysis identified four species, with all four being well represented in pre-eutrophication scale samples. Out of all of the post-eutrophication samples, only five individuals were assigned to the now extinct summer- and deep-spawning Coregonus gutturosus (Supplement ...
Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning: emerging issues and
... be recolonised by new recruits after disturbance or extinction events and the physical nature of water and hydrological processes ensures strong interconnection among habitat types, such as benthic and pelagic habitats. Thus there are likely to be stronger withinsystem boundaries in terrestrial syst ...
... be recolonised by new recruits after disturbance or extinction events and the physical nature of water and hydrological processes ensures strong interconnection among habitat types, such as benthic and pelagic habitats. Thus there are likely to be stronger withinsystem boundaries in terrestrial syst ...
the macroevolutionary consequences of ecological differences
... same biota, findings from one discipline should, however, be reconcilable across them all. Obviously, some processes may be more or less important to each discipline, and each may have some processes that uniquely operate in their sphere. For example, Gould (1985) argued that punctuated equilibrium ...
... same biota, findings from one discipline should, however, be reconcilable across them all. Obviously, some processes may be more or less important to each discipline, and each may have some processes that uniquely operate in their sphere. For example, Gould (1985) argued that punctuated equilibrium ...
Spatio-temporal community dynamics induced by frequency
... dependence). Because spatial structure in communities can have dramatic impacts on plant community dynamics (Czárán and Bartha, 1992; Herben et al., 2000), there has been an increasing recognition of the need for spatially explicit models of ecological interactions (Balzter et al., 1998; Berec, 20 ...
... dependence). Because spatial structure in communities can have dramatic impacts on plant community dynamics (Czárán and Bartha, 1992; Herben et al., 2000), there has been an increasing recognition of the need for spatially explicit models of ecological interactions (Balzter et al., 1998; Berec, 20 ...
Hybridization due to changing species distributions: adding
... few topics. We agreed that it is important to consider hybridization in both its genetic and ecological contexts and with explicit attention paid to phylogenetic and biogeographic history. It is also necessary to distinguish between underlying processes and resulting consequences. Knowledge of the c ...
... few topics. We agreed that it is important to consider hybridization in both its genetic and ecological contexts and with explicit attention paid to phylogenetic and biogeographic history. It is also necessary to distinguish between underlying processes and resulting consequences. Knowledge of the c ...
On chaos, transient chaos and ghosts in single population models
... low acorn crops and lower on large acorn crops [19]. Moreover, Williams and collaborators [20] showed that some birds could consume almost the whole population of adult cicadas in their summer decline, but their consumption was lower for much larger population densities. In addition, some other stud ...
... low acorn crops and lower on large acorn crops [19]. Moreover, Williams and collaborators [20] showed that some birds could consume almost the whole population of adult cicadas in their summer decline, but their consumption was lower for much larger population densities. In addition, some other stud ...
This talk will be about patterns of species diversity
... Many qualitative and quantitative similarity/dissimilarity measures exist and only the most commonly used measures are described here. Please see the bibliography for more details on these measures. 3. The Third group of measures exploit the species-area relationship and measures turnover related to ...
... Many qualitative and quantitative similarity/dissimilarity measures exist and only the most commonly used measures are described here. Please see the bibliography for more details on these measures. 3. The Third group of measures exploit the species-area relationship and measures turnover related to ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.