Pleistocene megafaunal interaction networks
... unspecified predator– prey model, where predators have a negative impact on prey populations, prey have a positive impact on predator populations and all populations are subject to densitydependent regulation. Under such a model, competition between predators is also implicitly included since predat ...
... unspecified predator– prey model, where predators have a negative impact on prey populations, prey have a positive impact on predator populations and all populations are subject to densitydependent regulation. Under such a model, competition between predators is also implicitly included since predat ...
Biogeography and ecology: towards the integration of two disciplines
... familiar when seen. Of course, each viewer ‘sees’ niches with different eyes. As in the case of ‘community’, the term ‘niche’ is more useful as a concept related to an individual’s (Eltonian niche?) or a species’ (Grinellian niche?) physical place and functional role in the environment [24]. Hutchin ...
... familiar when seen. Of course, each viewer ‘sees’ niches with different eyes. As in the case of ‘community’, the term ‘niche’ is more useful as a concept related to an individual’s (Eltonian niche?) or a species’ (Grinellian niche?) physical place and functional role in the environment [24]. Hutchin ...
Seminar-5July2016-v2
... (p. 140) Method: If a definition of ‘biodiversity’ is to have any practical application, the problem of assessing biodiversity must be solved. Assessing problem is made of two problems: (1) Problem of quantification. What is to be measured? (2) Problem of assessing. Can we realistically obtain the ...
... (p. 140) Method: If a definition of ‘biodiversity’ is to have any practical application, the problem of assessing biodiversity must be solved. Assessing problem is made of two problems: (1) Problem of quantification. What is to be measured? (2) Problem of assessing. Can we realistically obtain the ...
mf920e
... The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 identifies twenty targets, referred to as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, organized under five strategic goals. Strategic Goals A and B address the underlying causes and direct pressures causing the loss of biodiversity. Strategic Goal C deals with the c ...
... The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 identifies twenty targets, referred to as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, organized under five strategic goals. Strategic Goals A and B address the underlying causes and direct pressures causing the loss of biodiversity. Strategic Goal C deals with the c ...
Climate and Mammals - Stanford University
... Mammals exhibit many different responses to changes in their environments. An individual animal may, over the course of a day, move from sun to shade as a response to uncomfortable and stressful thermal conditions (e.g., Natori & Porter 2007); or co-occurring individuals may, in response to seasonal ...
... Mammals exhibit many different responses to changes in their environments. An individual animal may, over the course of a day, move from sun to shade as a response to uncomfortable and stressful thermal conditions (e.g., Natori & Porter 2007); or co-occurring individuals may, in response to seasonal ...
Pages 304-308 - KSU Web Home
... • Species Diversity: the number or variety of species in the world or in a particular region - Richness: the number of species - Relative abundance of each species: distribution population among of species - Speciation generates new species and adds to species richness: (Allopatric & Sympatric) - Ex ...
... • Species Diversity: the number or variety of species in the world or in a particular region - Richness: the number of species - Relative abundance of each species: distribution population among of species - Speciation generates new species and adds to species richness: (Allopatric & Sympatric) - Ex ...
INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO
... It is the generality of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis that appears to have spawned an interesting controversy between terrestrial plant ecologists (Wilson, 1990; 1994) and lake phytoplankton ecologists (Padisák, 1994; Reynolds, 1995) over the relevance of the hypothesis to explain the main ...
... It is the generality of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis that appears to have spawned an interesting controversy between terrestrial plant ecologists (Wilson, 1990; 1994) and lake phytoplankton ecologists (Padisák, 1994; Reynolds, 1995) over the relevance of the hypothesis to explain the main ...
CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE SCALE OF RESERVES FOR
... It is the multitude of valued attributes of ecosystems that make coarse-filter conservation difficult. There is no a priori basis upon which to prioritize one set of attributes over another. For example, do we value endangered habitats more or less than diverse areas? Is function more or less import ...
... It is the multitude of valued attributes of ecosystems that make coarse-filter conservation difficult. There is no a priori basis upon which to prioritize one set of attributes over another. For example, do we value endangered habitats more or less than diverse areas? Is function more or less import ...
Chapter 10 Notes
... Coral Reefs and Coastal Ecosystem • Reefs provide millions of people with food, tourism revenue, coastal protection, and sources of new chemicals, but are poorly studied and not as well protected by laws as terrestrial areas are. • Nearly 60 percent of Earth’s coral reefs are threatened by human act ...
... Coral Reefs and Coastal Ecosystem • Reefs provide millions of people with food, tourism revenue, coastal protection, and sources of new chemicals, but are poorly studied and not as well protected by laws as terrestrial areas are. • Nearly 60 percent of Earth’s coral reefs are threatened by human act ...
Bacterial colonization and extinction on marine aggregates
... and physical processes such as the sinking rate of particles with a contribution from bacterial swimming (Kiørboe et al. 2002; Grossart et al. 2003b). Colonization therefore depends on aggregate size and background bacterial density. This deterministic model has been found to describe well the abund ...
... and physical processes such as the sinking rate of particles with a contribution from bacterial swimming (Kiørboe et al. 2002; Grossart et al. 2003b). Colonization therefore depends on aggregate size and background bacterial density. This deterministic model has been found to describe well the abund ...
Flat-tailed Tortoise (Pyxis planicauda)
... human utilization, specifically harvesting for the international pet trade. Third, predation from the introduction of new species in its habitat threatens the flat-tailed tortoise, and fatal diseases such as intestinal and blood parasites have been observed in captive and wild populations. Fourth, e ...
... human utilization, specifically harvesting for the international pet trade. Third, predation from the introduction of new species in its habitat threatens the flat-tailed tortoise, and fatal diseases such as intestinal and blood parasites have been observed in captive and wild populations. Fourth, e ...
Models of Extinction
... features of the extinction record are found to be independent of the measure used, and in this case it is probably safe to assume that they are real effects rather than artifacts of the variation in stage lengths. The use of the stages as a time scale has other problems associated with it as well. F ...
... features of the extinction record are found to be independent of the measure used, and in this case it is probably safe to assume that they are real effects rather than artifacts of the variation in stage lengths. The use of the stages as a time scale has other problems associated with it as well. F ...
Models of Extinction: A Review
... features of the extinction record are found to be independent of the measure used, and in this case it is probably safe to assume that they are real effects rather than artifacts of the variation in stage lengths. The use of the stages as a time scale has other problems associated with it as well. F ...
... features of the extinction record are found to be independent of the measure used, and in this case it is probably safe to assume that they are real effects rather than artifacts of the variation in stage lengths. The use of the stages as a time scale has other problems associated with it as well. F ...
Processes affecting diversity
... B. Non-equilibrium 1. Intermediate disturbance hypothesis 2. Temporal variability C. Ecosystem implications of food webs ...
... B. Non-equilibrium 1. Intermediate disturbance hypothesis 2. Temporal variability C. Ecosystem implications of food webs ...
Draft Threatened Species Strategy
... businesses and the Government have worked together to improve the odds of our national icon. The partnership between DOC and Kiwis for kiwi (which represents the non-government kiwi sector) is an example of one of New Zealand’s longest-standing and most successful conservation partnerships. The posi ...
... businesses and the Government have worked together to improve the odds of our national icon. The partnership between DOC and Kiwis for kiwi (which represents the non-government kiwi sector) is an example of one of New Zealand’s longest-standing and most successful conservation partnerships. The posi ...
Relative importance of endogenous and exogenous mechanisms in
... new framework, recognition of a second major dichotomy among mechanisms will aid empiricists in comparing their relative importance. Namely, mechanisms either depend on exogenous forces or structure (e.g., variability in limiting factors or spatial structure) or depend on internal competitive dynami ...
... new framework, recognition of a second major dichotomy among mechanisms will aid empiricists in comparing their relative importance. Namely, mechanisms either depend on exogenous forces or structure (e.g., variability in limiting factors or spatial structure) or depend on internal competitive dynami ...
ON THE ECOLOGY OF INVASIVE SPECIES, EXTINCTION
... and paddled his way to the field of conservation biology. After two years of college in the mountains of Virginia at James Madison University, Josh packed up and moved to the Wasatch Mountains of Utah. After a good stint of skiing, climbing, and adventures to Alaska, Josh returned to academia on the ...
... and paddled his way to the field of conservation biology. After two years of college in the mountains of Virginia at James Madison University, Josh packed up and moved to the Wasatch Mountains of Utah. After a good stint of skiing, climbing, and adventures to Alaska, Josh returned to academia on the ...
ON THE ECOLOGY OF INVASIVE SPECIES, EXTINCTION
... and paddled his way to the field of conservation biology. After two years of college in the mountains of Virginia at James Madison University, Josh packed up and moved to the Wasatch Mountains of Utah. After a good stint of skiing, climbing, and adventures to Alaska, Josh returned to academia on the ...
... and paddled his way to the field of conservation biology. After two years of college in the mountains of Virginia at James Madison University, Josh packed up and moved to the Wasatch Mountains of Utah. After a good stint of skiing, climbing, and adventures to Alaska, Josh returned to academia on the ...
BIODIVERSITY-ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION RESEARCH
... and Invasions at Different Scales BDEF studies of the last decade almost universally invoke the global decline in biodiversity as the primary impetus for research (Naeem et al. 1999). Conservation management and measurement of ecosystem functions (e.g., carbon credits) also occur on relatively large ...
... and Invasions at Different Scales BDEF studies of the last decade almost universally invoke the global decline in biodiversity as the primary impetus for research (Naeem et al. 1999). Conservation management and measurement of ecosystem functions (e.g., carbon credits) also occur on relatively large ...
Environmental Variation, Stochastic Extinction, and Competitive
... population persistence is essential for predicting the ecological impacts of expected future increases in climate variability. However, two bodies of theory make opposite predictions about the effect of environmental variation on persistence. Single-species theory, common in conservation biology and ...
... population persistence is essential for predicting the ecological impacts of expected future increases in climate variability. However, two bodies of theory make opposite predictions about the effect of environmental variation on persistence. Single-species theory, common in conservation biology and ...
ESDay2013MediaSample.. - Endangered Species Coalition
... throughout the country will celebrate Endangered Species Day by hosting special events ranging from the Kansas City Zoo’s “Learning Fest” to an endangered species scavenger hunt at the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta. “AZA is pleased to be a partner in Endangered Species Day helping to raise awareness a ...
... throughout the country will celebrate Endangered Species Day by hosting special events ranging from the Kansas City Zoo’s “Learning Fest” to an endangered species scavenger hunt at the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta. “AZA is pleased to be a partner in Endangered Species Day helping to raise awareness a ...
- Wiley Online Library
... via interactions such as competition or facilitation, or are disintegrated and dominated by chance. We still lack community-wide data on the intensities of interactions and randomness, and measurements of their impacts on community structure. 2. Using a long-term data set, we sought to measure the e ...
... via interactions such as competition or facilitation, or are disintegrated and dominated by chance. We still lack community-wide data on the intensities of interactions and randomness, and measurements of their impacts on community structure. 2. Using a long-term data set, we sought to measure the e ...
Megafauna and ecosystem function from the
... Much of the controversy around the relative role of humans vs. climate change has focused on North America, where human arrival coincided with near-simultaneous end-Pleistocene climate change, and on Europe, where there is a strong climate signal and a drawn-out extinction event. Two recent studies ...
... Much of the controversy around the relative role of humans vs. climate change has focused on North America, where human arrival coincided with near-simultaneous end-Pleistocene climate change, and on Europe, where there is a strong climate signal and a drawn-out extinction event. Two recent studies ...
Native species whose distribution in the Cairngorms LBAP area has
... “…study the desirability, of re-introducing species in Annex IV that are native to their territory where this might contribute to their conservation, provided that an investigation, also taking into account experience in other Member States or elsewhere, has established that such re-introduction con ...
... “…study the desirability, of re-introducing species in Annex IV that are native to their territory where this might contribute to their conservation, provided that an investigation, also taking into account experience in other Member States or elsewhere, has established that such re-introduction con ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.