MALFUNCTIONS of the IMMUNE SYSTEM
... system can cause two types of problems: – Immunodeficiency diseases – Inappropriate attacks of the immune system against nonthreatening agents (harmless cells) ...
... system can cause two types of problems: – Immunodeficiency diseases – Inappropriate attacks of the immune system against nonthreatening agents (harmless cells) ...
White Blood Cells: An Overview of the Body`s Defense Army Human
... Monocytes. These are the largest white blood cells which circulate in the blood waiting to be called into action. Once they leave the blood at the site of a threat, monocytes convert themselves into macrophages. These WBCs then consume foreign matter/invaders (again via phagocytosis). In contrast to ...
... Monocytes. These are the largest white blood cells which circulate in the blood waiting to be called into action. Once they leave the blood at the site of a threat, monocytes convert themselves into macrophages. These WBCs then consume foreign matter/invaders (again via phagocytosis). In contrast to ...
ppt - Marric.us
... • The skin serves as a physical barrier to prevent the passage of many disease-causing microorganisms. The skin is also slightly acidic and has good bacteria. ...
... • The skin serves as a physical barrier to prevent the passage of many disease-causing microorganisms. The skin is also slightly acidic and has good bacteria. ...
antigenantibody
... foreign invader because of its ANTIGENS and will cause our B cells (types of lymphocytes, white blood cells) to begin to make proteins called ANTIBODIES. 3. ANTIBODIES have a special molecular form that allows them to match ANTIGENS like a puzzle piece. 4. Once attached, the invader can be destroyed ...
... foreign invader because of its ANTIGENS and will cause our B cells (types of lymphocytes, white blood cells) to begin to make proteins called ANTIBODIES. 3. ANTIBODIES have a special molecular form that allows them to match ANTIGENS like a puzzle piece. 4. Once attached, the invader can be destroyed ...
ninth lecture
... microbicidal agents are produced: superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, single oxygen and hydroxyl radicals, all toxic for microorganisms. Peroxide in an association with myeloperoxidase generates a potent halogenating system from halide ions, which is capable of both killing bacteria and viruses. Th ...
... microbicidal agents are produced: superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, single oxygen and hydroxyl radicals, all toxic for microorganisms. Peroxide in an association with myeloperoxidase generates a potent halogenating system from halide ions, which is capable of both killing bacteria and viruses. Th ...
Toll-like receptor structure - University of British Columbia
... • AIDS--loss of CD4+ T cells (Intracellular pathogens, fungi, viruses, pyogenic infections, etc.) • Transplant--immunsuppression of T cells (viral, fungal) • Common Variable Immunodeficiency (decreased IgG)--generally mild increase in sinopulmonary bacterial infections • Asplenia--encapsulated bacte ...
... • AIDS--loss of CD4+ T cells (Intracellular pathogens, fungi, viruses, pyogenic infections, etc.) • Transplant--immunsuppression of T cells (viral, fungal) • Common Variable Immunodeficiency (decreased IgG)--generally mild increase in sinopulmonary bacterial infections • Asplenia--encapsulated bacte ...
5 dent inflammation and mucosal immunity
... • 68% of circulating leukocytes, 99% of circulating granulocytes • Phagocytic cells • Are not present in healthy tissues • Migration elimination of pathogens (enzymes, reactive oxygen intermediates) ...
... • 68% of circulating leukocytes, 99% of circulating granulocytes • Phagocytic cells • Are not present in healthy tissues • Migration elimination of pathogens (enzymes, reactive oxygen intermediates) ...
sheet of notes
... • Two main classes of MHC Class I MHC – found all nucleated cells Class II MHC – few specialized cell types T Cells Cytotoxic T Cells (Tc) have antigen receptors that bind to fragments of antigens displayed by the body’s class 1 MHC molecules Helper T Cell (TH) have receptors that bind to fragments ...
... • Two main classes of MHC Class I MHC – found all nucleated cells Class II MHC – few specialized cell types T Cells Cytotoxic T Cells (Tc) have antigen receptors that bind to fragments of antigens displayed by the body’s class 1 MHC molecules Helper T Cell (TH) have receptors that bind to fragments ...
I. Host responses during infection
... Pathogens in blood or lymph pass through these cells and are phagocytized and destroyed Phagocytosis Major non-specific defense Phagocytes are able to ingest and kill invading microorganisms Phagocytosis and Lymphatic system Phagocytes in the reticuloendothelial system remove foreign organisms from ...
... Pathogens in blood or lymph pass through these cells and are phagocytized and destroyed Phagocytosis Major non-specific defense Phagocytes are able to ingest and kill invading microorganisms Phagocytosis and Lymphatic system Phagocytes in the reticuloendothelial system remove foreign organisms from ...
Immune System
... –Helper T cells: help B cells make antibodies; are activated by dendritic cells displaying the antigen –Suppresser T cells: turn off B cells as the infection is brought under control Macrophages/phagocytes: engulf and disassemble pathogens Antibodies (immunoglobulin proteins) B cells make antibodi ...
... –Helper T cells: help B cells make antibodies; are activated by dendritic cells displaying the antigen –Suppresser T cells: turn off B cells as the infection is brought under control Macrophages/phagocytes: engulf and disassemble pathogens Antibodies (immunoglobulin proteins) B cells make antibodi ...
Immune Responses
... (b) may promote diapedisis iv) leukotrienes – released by basophils & mast cells (a) promote adherence 2) phagocyte mobilization 3) tissue repair G) Fever 1) caused by pyrogens a) any chemical that causes an increase in body temperature b) most often released from WBC, as well as some bacteria 2) pr ...
... (b) may promote diapedisis iv) leukotrienes – released by basophils & mast cells (a) promote adherence 2) phagocyte mobilization 3) tissue repair G) Fever 1) caused by pyrogens a) any chemical that causes an increase in body temperature b) most often released from WBC, as well as some bacteria 2) pr ...
1. What proteins attach to antigens on bacteria or free viruses
... 1. What proteins attach to antigens on bacteria or free viruses, marking them for destruction by phagocytes or complement? a) T cells b) antibodies c) B cells d) APC 2. What system carries immunity producing antibodies through the body? a) circulatory system b) skeletal system c) excretory system ...
... 1. What proteins attach to antigens on bacteria or free viruses, marking them for destruction by phagocytes or complement? a) T cells b) antibodies c) B cells d) APC 2. What system carries immunity producing antibodies through the body? a) circulatory system b) skeletal system c) excretory system ...
Suggested Answers for Case Study, Chapter 16, Mechanisms of
... Viruses have either a single DNA or RNA strand. In order to replicate, they require the genetic material of a host; they cannot replicate outside of a living cell. Once in the host cell, they may replicate and migrate from the cell through “budding” or through cellular lysis. Alternatively, they may ...
... Viruses have either a single DNA or RNA strand. In order to replicate, they require the genetic material of a host; they cannot replicate outside of a living cell. Once in the host cell, they may replicate and migrate from the cell through “budding” or through cellular lysis. Alternatively, they may ...
MICR 130 Chapter 16
... Since WBC have specific functions, the results of WBC counts can be used to diagnose diseases. What change would you expect to the WBC ratio during a Staphylococcus (a bacterium) infection? Number of neutrophils will increase. What change would you expect to the WBC ratio during a viral infe ...
... Since WBC have specific functions, the results of WBC counts can be used to diagnose diseases. What change would you expect to the WBC ratio during a Staphylococcus (a bacterium) infection? Number of neutrophils will increase. What change would you expect to the WBC ratio during a viral infe ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.