Lecture 7 Host Defense Against Infection
... B-1 cells (minor fraction of B cells, do not require T-cell help) Mast cells ...
... B-1 cells (minor fraction of B cells, do not require T-cell help) Mast cells ...
RHINOVIRUSES AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6
... 1 ; minor-group viruses bind to the unrelated low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor 2 . This receptor difference turns out to be a key factor in how these viruses interact with the immune system. Major-group viruses also bind the ICAM-1 molecule expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells, and othe ...
... 1 ; minor-group viruses bind to the unrelated low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor 2 . This receptor difference turns out to be a key factor in how these viruses interact with the immune system. Major-group viruses also bind the ICAM-1 molecule expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells, and othe ...
Inflammatory Immune Response
... 2. Activation of endothelial cell lining the blood vessels makes them more sticky to white blood cells so that blood cells can adhere more strongly to endothelium. 3. Increased vascular permeability make it easier for cells and proteins to pass through the blood vessels walls and enter the tissue. 4 ...
... 2. Activation of endothelial cell lining the blood vessels makes them more sticky to white blood cells so that blood cells can adhere more strongly to endothelium. 3. Increased vascular permeability make it easier for cells and proteins to pass through the blood vessels walls and enter the tissue. 4 ...
Immunity in the gut
... • High levels of immunomodulatory factors: IL-10, TGF, TSLP, retinoic acid which can ‘condition’ local cells. • Reduced function of TLRs in intestinal DC. • Commensals are non-invasive. Whereas pathogens penetrate the epithelium and trigger inflammatory responses both locally and more widely, comme ...
... • High levels of immunomodulatory factors: IL-10, TGF, TSLP, retinoic acid which can ‘condition’ local cells. • Reduced function of TLRs in intestinal DC. • Commensals are non-invasive. Whereas pathogens penetrate the epithelium and trigger inflammatory responses both locally and more widely, comme ...
Composition of Blood
... Since whole blood is about one-half cells by volume, and all the hemoglobin is confined to the cells, you would correctly expect the MCHC to be roughly twice the value of hemoglobin in whole blood ...
... Since whole blood is about one-half cells by volume, and all the hemoglobin is confined to the cells, you would correctly expect the MCHC to be roughly twice the value of hemoglobin in whole blood ...
Blood Cells
... Since whole blood is about one-half cells by volume, and all the hemoglobin is confined to the cells, you would correctly expect the MCHC to be roughly twice the value of hemoglobin in whole blood ...
... Since whole blood is about one-half cells by volume, and all the hemoglobin is confined to the cells, you would correctly expect the MCHC to be roughly twice the value of hemoglobin in whole blood ...
Unit #11: Animal Anatomy and Physiology- Immune
... 5. What is another name for white blood cells? ____________________________________ 6. Fill in the table below: Type of WBC (Leukocyte) ...
... 5. What is another name for white blood cells? ____________________________________ 6. Fill in the table below: Type of WBC (Leukocyte) ...
Immune System Disorders (Hypersensitivities ≈ Allergies)
... • Cell malfunction due to antibody binding (Grave’s Disease; thyroid gland). • Immune complex forms (rheumatoid arthritis; joints). • Cell-mediated destruction of specific cell types (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; insulin-secreting cells of pancreas). • Some individuals are genetically predis ...
... • Cell malfunction due to antibody binding (Grave’s Disease; thyroid gland). • Immune complex forms (rheumatoid arthritis; joints). • Cell-mediated destruction of specific cell types (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; insulin-secreting cells of pancreas). • Some individuals are genetically predis ...
Document
... lymphoid tissues can provide effective immune responses when necessary. However, inappropriate responses against innocuous food and commensal antigens lead to inflammatory disorders such as coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) The lymphoid elem ...
... lymphoid tissues can provide effective immune responses when necessary. However, inappropriate responses against innocuous food and commensal antigens lead to inflammatory disorders such as coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) The lymphoid elem ...
Innate Immunity - microbiology and immunology on-line
... identified by the presence of CD56 & CD16 and absence of CD3 activated by IL2 and IFN-γ to ...
... identified by the presence of CD56 & CD16 and absence of CD3 activated by IL2 and IFN-γ to ...
the original file
... 1. What is the evolutionary purpose of having both an innate and adaptive immune system that function as they do in humans? 2. Name 3 different types of barriers (mechanical, chemical, and microbial) that protect us from pathogens and list the key features for each category. 3. A dendritic cell phag ...
... 1. What is the evolutionary purpose of having both an innate and adaptive immune system that function as they do in humans? 2. Name 3 different types of barriers (mechanical, chemical, and microbial) that protect us from pathogens and list the key features for each category. 3. A dendritic cell phag ...
43 - GEOCITIES.ws
... Phagocytic cells, inflammation, and antimicrobial proteins function early in infection 3. Contrast the roles of the nonspecific cellular defenses. [2 points] a. Phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens b. NK cells punch virus-infected and cancerous cells 4. Rationalize the four cardinal signs of an a ...
... Phagocytic cells, inflammation, and antimicrobial proteins function early in infection 3. Contrast the roles of the nonspecific cellular defenses. [2 points] a. Phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens b. NK cells punch virus-infected and cancerous cells 4. Rationalize the four cardinal signs of an a ...
Lymphocytes - Spark (e
... the pregnancy. NK cells are a part of the innate immune system and play a important role in defending the host from both tumors and virally infected cells. They are used to produce cytokines. These are a broad and loose category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling. ...
... the pregnancy. NK cells are a part of the innate immune system and play a important role in defending the host from both tumors and virally infected cells. They are used to produce cytokines. These are a broad and loose category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling. ...
Immunology Notes
... 2. Keratin: provides resistance against acids, alkalis, and bacterial enzymes B. Intact Mucous Membranes: form mechanical barrier that prevents entry of pathogens 1. Mucus: traps microorganisms in respiratory and digestive tracts 2. Nasal hairs: filter and trap microorganisms in nasal passages 3. Ci ...
... 2. Keratin: provides resistance against acids, alkalis, and bacterial enzymes B. Intact Mucous Membranes: form mechanical barrier that prevents entry of pathogens 1. Mucus: traps microorganisms in respiratory and digestive tracts 2. Nasal hairs: filter and trap microorganisms in nasal passages 3. Ci ...
Immune system
... * macrophages produce NO after activation with cytokines (IFNg, TNF) that are produced by TH1 lymphocytes ...
... * macrophages produce NO after activation with cytokines (IFNg, TNF) that are produced by TH1 lymphocytes ...
Jeopardy Abbas 1-3 (double) - updated 5/21/2014
... These small cationic peptides are produced by epithelial cells and are directly toxic to microbes. ...
... These small cationic peptides are produced by epithelial cells and are directly toxic to microbes. ...
Immunology for Surgeons: The Basics 101
... deposition, T-and B-cell proliferation, IL-2 and IL-2R upregulation IL-2: “T-cell growth factor” in response to IL-1; NK cells and activated T-cells (auto- and para-crine); up regulates many other cytokines, namely TNF and CSF; deficiency --> SCID ...
... deposition, T-and B-cell proliferation, IL-2 and IL-2R upregulation IL-2: “T-cell growth factor” in response to IL-1; NK cells and activated T-cells (auto- and para-crine); up regulates many other cytokines, namely TNF and CSF; deficiency --> SCID ...
Blood System
... • Nucleus: dark purple kidney or U-shaped with gray blue cytoplasm • In tissues become macrophages • Increase in % possible chronic infections i.e. TB & certain viruses & intracellular parasites • Activate lymphocytic immune response • Lifespan: several months ...
... • Nucleus: dark purple kidney or U-shaped with gray blue cytoplasm • In tissues become macrophages • Increase in % possible chronic infections i.e. TB & certain viruses & intracellular parasites • Activate lymphocytic immune response • Lifespan: several months ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.