Chapter 21 The Immune System
... • New Terms: – Antigen: usually a protein found on the cell membrane of the pathogen that has attacked the body – Antibody: protein (nonliving) that reacts w/ antigen to mark the pathogen allowing it to be recognized & then eaten by a phagocyte ...
... • New Terms: – Antigen: usually a protein found on the cell membrane of the pathogen that has attacked the body – Antibody: protein (nonliving) that reacts w/ antigen to mark the pathogen allowing it to be recognized & then eaten by a phagocyte ...
Lecture #23 - Suraj @ LUMS
... Non-specific Vs Specific Mechanisms • Active defensive mechanisms function to avoid and limit damage and disease or to facilitate repair and recovery. • Some active mechanisms are triggered whenever tissue damage or disease occurs and so are called non-specific. • When they operate together in a co ...
... Non-specific Vs Specific Mechanisms • Active defensive mechanisms function to avoid and limit damage and disease or to facilitate repair and recovery. • Some active mechanisms are triggered whenever tissue damage or disease occurs and so are called non-specific. • When they operate together in a co ...
Physiology of the Blood III. White Blood Cells and the Immune
... - nucleus: two lobes - granules: pink with hematoxylin-eosin staining - life: 1-2 weeks (only few hours spent in the circulation) - target: large parasites (e.g. worms), allergic reaction ...
... - nucleus: two lobes - granules: pink with hematoxylin-eosin staining - life: 1-2 weeks (only few hours spent in the circulation) - target: large parasites (e.g. worms), allergic reaction ...
Biology 4 Matching Quiz Chapter 19 Match the following terms on
... Match the following terms on the left to their descriptions on the right. 1. _______ hemoglobin ...
... Match the following terms on the left to their descriptions on the right. 1. _______ hemoglobin ...
Objectives Resistance Nonspecific Defense Inflammatory Response
... Initially occur in bone marrow The blue spheres seen in this SEM image are T cells attacking a much larger cancer cell. The cells are a significant part of our defense against cancer and other types of foreign cells. ...
... Initially occur in bone marrow The blue spheres seen in this SEM image are T cells attacking a much larger cancer cell. The cells are a significant part of our defense against cancer and other types of foreign cells. ...
Reading Guide-InnateImmune (CH15)
... receptors) and indirectly (via opsonization….a process that happens when complement proteins are activated). Some really virulent pathogens have evolved mechanism to evade the process of phagocytosis…can you think of some ways in which an organism could evade phaogcytosis? Cells of the immune syste ...
... receptors) and indirectly (via opsonization….a process that happens when complement proteins are activated). Some really virulent pathogens have evolved mechanism to evade the process of phagocytosis…can you think of some ways in which an organism could evade phaogcytosis? Cells of the immune syste ...
Tan1
... The complement system is a set of plasma proteins that act together to attack extracellular forms of pathogens. It was first discovered as an effector arm of the antibody response, but complement can also be activated early in infection in the absence of antibodies; complement first evolved as part ...
... The complement system is a set of plasma proteins that act together to attack extracellular forms of pathogens. It was first discovered as an effector arm of the antibody response, but complement can also be activated early in infection in the absence of antibodies; complement first evolved as part ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... 4. Which one of the following cell type is least effective against extra cellular bacterial pathogen? a) B cells b) cytotoxic Tcells c) TNFγ d) macrophages 5. Immuno suppression is not induced by a) anti histamines b) removal of lymphoid tissue c)use of anti lymphocyte antibodies d) cytotoxic drugs ...
... 4. Which one of the following cell type is least effective against extra cellular bacterial pathogen? a) B cells b) cytotoxic Tcells c) TNFγ d) macrophages 5. Immuno suppression is not induced by a) anti histamines b) removal of lymphoid tissue c)use of anti lymphocyte antibodies d) cytotoxic drugs ...
09.13.10 Lecture Cells and Size
... cells that specialize in secretion are packed full of secretory granules ...
... cells that specialize in secretion are packed full of secretory granules ...
Tuberculosis
... If the infection continues, the centre may liquefy, producing an environment in which the bacteria can grow extracellularly. Cavitation may occur if the liquefied contents are released into the bronchial tree where they can then be expelled externally and the infection transmitted to others. More co ...
... If the infection continues, the centre may liquefy, producing an environment in which the bacteria can grow extracellularly. Cavitation may occur if the liquefied contents are released into the bronchial tree where they can then be expelled externally and the infection transmitted to others. More co ...
Immune System
... Foreign antigens bind to antibodies on B-cells Antigen-antibody complex stimulation Stimulated B-cell will produce/release this specific antibody as free floating antibody 5. Free floating antibodies will bind to all other antigens of the same type 6. Macrophages recognize antibodies and phagocytosi ...
... Foreign antigens bind to antibodies on B-cells Antigen-antibody complex stimulation Stimulated B-cell will produce/release this specific antibody as free floating antibody 5. Free floating antibodies will bind to all other antigens of the same type 6. Macrophages recognize antibodies and phagocytosi ...
PP Chapter 21 P I
... – Lymphocytes secrete gamma interferon; leukocytes secrete alpha interferon – Also can activate NK cells and macrophages which have anti-cancer capabilities (attack malignant cells) ...
... – Lymphocytes secrete gamma interferon; leukocytes secrete alpha interferon – Also can activate NK cells and macrophages which have anti-cancer capabilities (attack malignant cells) ...
White Blood Cells
... ~ 0.5% of total white blood cells - basophils similar to mast cells - release primarily histamine, some bradykinin - release due to binding of IgE - Life span a few hours to a few days ...
... ~ 0.5% of total white blood cells - basophils similar to mast cells - release primarily histamine, some bradykinin - release due to binding of IgE - Life span a few hours to a few days ...
CAST OF CHARACTERS: WHITE BLOOD CELLS
... neutrophil: uses its prepackaged chemicals to degrade any microbe it ingests eosinophil: ...
... neutrophil: uses its prepackaged chemicals to degrade any microbe it ingests eosinophil: ...
BLOCK F – Krizia,Kevin,Synnove – Production of Antibodies
... When antigen binds to this receptor, the B cell is stimulated to divide and to secrete large amounts of the same antibody in a soluble form. Clonal selection: 1. When a pathogen has been engulfed by a phagocyte, antigens from ruined pathogen are displayed on the surface of the phagocyte, bound to a ...
... When antigen binds to this receptor, the B cell is stimulated to divide and to secrete large amounts of the same antibody in a soluble form. Clonal selection: 1. When a pathogen has been engulfed by a phagocyte, antigens from ruined pathogen are displayed on the surface of the phagocyte, bound to a ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.