Slide 1
... • Follicular hyperplasia • Follicular involution & lymphocyte depletion-burnt out lymph nodes • Opportunistic infections • lymphomas ...
... • Follicular hyperplasia • Follicular involution & lymphocyte depletion-burnt out lymph nodes • Opportunistic infections • lymphomas ...
16. The Body`s Line of Defence
... Unlike RBCs, WBCs contain a nucleus, the shape and size of which is used to identify the type of WBC One class of leukocytes, called granulocytes, contain cytoplasmic granules and are produced in the bone marrow Agranulocytes are also produced in the bone marrow but are modified in the lymph nodes W ...
... Unlike RBCs, WBCs contain a nucleus, the shape and size of which is used to identify the type of WBC One class of leukocytes, called granulocytes, contain cytoplasmic granules and are produced in the bone marrow Agranulocytes are also produced in the bone marrow but are modified in the lymph nodes W ...
The Immune System
... Another phagocytic response, white blood cells called neutrophils are attracted to chemical signals given off by cells that have been damaged by microbes. Neutrophils squeeze out of capillaries (chemotaxis) and migrate to the infected ...
... Another phagocytic response, white blood cells called neutrophils are attracted to chemical signals given off by cells that have been damaged by microbes. Neutrophils squeeze out of capillaries (chemotaxis) and migrate to the infected ...
Chapter 15
... 1. Compete with pathogens or alter the environment 2. Members often produce compounds that are toxic to other microbes, thereby preventing their growth. • In hair follicles, normal flora break down lipids of body secretions releasing fatty acids that inhibit pathogen ...
... 1. Compete with pathogens or alter the environment 2. Members often produce compounds that are toxic to other microbes, thereby preventing their growth. • In hair follicles, normal flora break down lipids of body secretions releasing fatty acids that inhibit pathogen ...
How does my immune system react when I puncture my skin on
... While some viral proteins assemble new virus , others are cut up by the proteosome and then selected by MHCI and promptly presented on the cells surface (Here is an animation showing this series of events ) Cytotoxic T-cell, with corresponding CD8 receptor ...
... While some viral proteins assemble new virus , others are cut up by the proteosome and then selected by MHCI and promptly presented on the cells surface (Here is an animation showing this series of events ) Cytotoxic T-cell, with corresponding CD8 receptor ...
First, Second Line Immunity
... histamine which promote inflammation Neutrophils, monocytes: These cells engulf and destroy foreign material (e.g. bacteria) ...
... histamine which promote inflammation Neutrophils, monocytes: These cells engulf and destroy foreign material (e.g. bacteria) ...
The Immune System : (page 382) Recognizes and destroys
... system. Immunity is the ability to resist disease once exposed to it in the past. Body defences can be divided into 2 groups Non-specific defences : guard against a wide range of “pathogens” (disease causing agents), do not need earlier exposure. First line of defence - the skin ( outer dry layers r ...
... system. Immunity is the ability to resist disease once exposed to it in the past. Body defences can be divided into 2 groups Non-specific defences : guard against a wide range of “pathogens” (disease causing agents), do not need earlier exposure. First line of defence - the skin ( outer dry layers r ...
The Immune System - Blue Valley School District
... Inflammation In reaction to tissue damage or cell death mast cells release histamine which induces dilation in the surrounding capillaries and indirectly the four symptoms of inflammation: 1. Swelling 2. Reddness 3. Warmth 4. Pain ...
... Inflammation In reaction to tissue damage or cell death mast cells release histamine which induces dilation in the surrounding capillaries and indirectly the four symptoms of inflammation: 1. Swelling 2. Reddness 3. Warmth 4. Pain ...
Resisting infection Cellular Defenses: Leukocytes
... organelles full of destructive enzymes • Within this “phagolysosome”, the microbe’s cell membrane is breached, all cell components broken down ...
... organelles full of destructive enzymes • Within this “phagolysosome”, the microbe’s cell membrane is breached, all cell components broken down ...
L12 nonspecificdefense 7e
... Complement Proteins are part of the Complement system • Consists of a collection of 9 interacting proteins found in blood and tissues • Activation of these proteins promote – Opsonization – Inflammatory response – Lysis of foreign cell ...
... Complement Proteins are part of the Complement system • Consists of a collection of 9 interacting proteins found in blood and tissues • Activation of these proteins promote – Opsonization – Inflammatory response – Lysis of foreign cell ...
Nonspecific host defence factors.med.10 ppt
... (AVPs) that prevent viral replication. Interferons are host-cell–specific but not virus-specific. Gamma-interferon activates neutrophils and macrophages to kill bacteria. ...
... (AVPs) that prevent viral replication. Interferons are host-cell–specific but not virus-specific. Gamma-interferon activates neutrophils and macrophages to kill bacteria. ...
Nonspecific Defenses
... Macrophages and Cytokines • Macrophages: in tissues, that devour many pathogens and survive • Have receptors that allow them to recognize the presence of pathogens • Release cytokines • Cytokines: chemical signals that stimulate other white cells such as neutrophils and monocytes, that then mature ...
... Macrophages and Cytokines • Macrophages: in tissues, that devour many pathogens and survive • Have receptors that allow them to recognize the presence of pathogens • Release cytokines • Cytokines: chemical signals that stimulate other white cells such as neutrophils and monocytes, that then mature ...
A Brief Overview of Immunology
... Antibodies react with foreign agent Activated T cells react with foreign agent Activated T cells may influence other cells Antibodies provide specificity to nonspecific cytotoxic systems Immune system “remembers: what it did. ...
... Antibodies react with foreign agent Activated T cells react with foreign agent Activated T cells may influence other cells Antibodies provide specificity to nonspecific cytotoxic systems Immune system “remembers: what it did. ...
Slide 1
... A set of physiological reactions to damage of tissue integrity, leading to protection against infection, localization and restriction of the damaged site and finally to healing. ...
... A set of physiological reactions to damage of tissue integrity, leading to protection against infection, localization and restriction of the damaged site and finally to healing. ...
Evolution of Immune Systems
... • Porifera have polymorphic ‘MHC genes” with multiple loci • MHC have no structural similarities to vertebrate MHC - proteoglycan complex ...
... • Porifera have polymorphic ‘MHC genes” with multiple loci • MHC have no structural similarities to vertebrate MHC - proteoglycan complex ...
ppt 3.2.4 immunity revision Revision powerpoint on
... enable a rapid response to future infections by the same pathogen. 3. They stimulate ....................to engulf ...
... enable a rapid response to future infections by the same pathogen. 3. They stimulate ....................to engulf ...
The Innate Immune System
... cells which are attracted to an injury site. When the skin is penetrated, cells are ruptured releasing chemical signals to attract the mast and basophil cells. These cells release ...
... cells which are attracted to an injury site. When the skin is penetrated, cells are ruptured releasing chemical signals to attract the mast and basophil cells. These cells release ...
Saliva - Duplin County Schools
... The Third Line of Defense ~Antibodies~ - Most infections never make it past the first and second levels of defense - Those that do trigger the production and release of antibodies - Proteins that latch onto, damage, clump, and slow foreign particles - Each antibody binds only to one specific bindin ...
... The Third Line of Defense ~Antibodies~ - Most infections never make it past the first and second levels of defense - Those that do trigger the production and release of antibodies - Proteins that latch onto, damage, clump, and slow foreign particles - Each antibody binds only to one specific bindin ...
Immunity
... The body needs to be able to distinguish between its own cells (self) and foreign cells (non-self). In the fetus the lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) are constantly colliding almost exclusively with the body’s own material (self). These lymphocytes are destroyed or suppresses so that the onl ...
... The body needs to be able to distinguish between its own cells (self) and foreign cells (non-self). In the fetus the lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) are constantly colliding almost exclusively with the body’s own material (self). These lymphocytes are destroyed or suppresses so that the onl ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.