infection and microbial pathogenecity (host microbe
... The draw back with above conventional antisera is that they are a heterogeneous mixture of antibodies of different specificities, affinities and classes. ...
... The draw back with above conventional antisera is that they are a heterogeneous mixture of antibodies of different specificities, affinities and classes. ...
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint
... Immunological memory (affinity maturation, memory lymphocytes, long-lasting presentation of immunocomplexes on FDC) ...
... Immunological memory (affinity maturation, memory lymphocytes, long-lasting presentation of immunocomplexes on FDC) ...
Chap 34 - Resistance of the Body to Infection
... 7. stimulation of B-cell growth and differentiation to form plasma cells and antibodies 8. activation of the macrophage system a. slow or stop migration of the macrophages out of inflamed area b. activated macrophage phagocytosis B. cytotoxic T cells ...
... 7. stimulation of B-cell growth and differentiation to form plasma cells and antibodies 8. activation of the macrophage system a. slow or stop migration of the macrophages out of inflamed area b. activated macrophage phagocytosis B. cytotoxic T cells ...
File
... Nonspecific Defenses The body has many nonspecific defenses, which defend against a wide range of pathogens. The first line of defense is skin. Skin keeps pathogens out of the body by forming a barrier that few pathogens can get through. Mucus, saliva, and tears contain an enzyme that can kill bacte ...
... Nonspecific Defenses The body has many nonspecific defenses, which defend against a wide range of pathogens. The first line of defense is skin. Skin keeps pathogens out of the body by forming a barrier that few pathogens can get through. Mucus, saliva, and tears contain an enzyme that can kill bacte ...
PowerPoint
... antigens are soluble molecules and the immune complex settles out of solution • Agglutination reaction occurs when cells or particles are cross-linked – the immune complex formed is more readily phagocytosed in vivo than are free antigens – caused by agglutinin antibodies ...
... antigens are soluble molecules and the immune complex settles out of solution • Agglutination reaction occurs when cells or particles are cross-linked – the immune complex formed is more readily phagocytosed in vivo than are free antigens – caused by agglutinin antibodies ...
The Innate Immune Response,
... further differentiation and selection and finally migrate via circulation to the secondary lymphoid organs/ tissues where they are able to respond to microbial antigens. ...
... further differentiation and selection and finally migrate via circulation to the secondary lymphoid organs/ tissues where they are able to respond to microbial antigens. ...
Blood Cell Development
... Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Granulocyte Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (MCSF) ...
... Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Granulocyte Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (MCSF) ...
Immune Troops! Move In! - Super Teacher Worksheets
... army too! By getting plenty of sleep at night and eating nutritious foods, you’ll help keep your immune system strong and ready to fight. ...
... army too! By getting plenty of sleep at night and eating nutritious foods, you’ll help keep your immune system strong and ready to fight. ...
Anatomy chapter 14 (Lymphatic and immunity)
... B cell so that it can divide and form a clone. •B cells may become activated and produce a clone of cells when its antigen receptor encounters its matching antigen. •Some of the B cells become plasma cells, producing and secreting antibodies. •Like T cells, some of the B cells become memory cells to ...
... B cell so that it can divide and form a clone. •B cells may become activated and produce a clone of cells when its antigen receptor encounters its matching antigen. •Some of the B cells become plasma cells, producing and secreting antibodies. •Like T cells, some of the B cells become memory cells to ...
The Immune System and Disease
... first line of defense, they begin to multiply quickly and release toxins. • Then the second line of defense is activated, the inflammatory response. • The inflammatory response is a nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. – White blood cells are released. – Blood ...
... first line of defense, they begin to multiply quickly and release toxins. • Then the second line of defense is activated, the inflammatory response. • The inflammatory response is a nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. – White blood cells are released. – Blood ...
Immunology
... Interleukins and other cytokines • Many cytokines are called interleukins – because they are secreted by leukocytes – and act upon other leukocytes – there are approximately 20 identified to date ...
... Interleukins and other cytokines • Many cytokines are called interleukins – because they are secreted by leukocytes – and act upon other leukocytes – there are approximately 20 identified to date ...
Immunity
... produce antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that match the molecular structure of an antigen, and bind to that antigen. This leads to the destruction of the antigen. ...
... produce antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that match the molecular structure of an antigen, and bind to that antigen. This leads to the destruction of the antigen. ...
Chapter 43 Name_______________________________ Date
... microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances 2. What are some barrier defenses? Describe them. Barrier defenses include the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory, urinary, and ...
... microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances 2. What are some barrier defenses? Describe them. Barrier defenses include the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory, urinary, and ...
The Immune System
... part is responsible for the production of antibodies and memory (acquired immunity) and the cellular part (natural immunity) protects without prior exposure to foreign substances. The other side, the natural or innate system includes, skin, mucous membranes, complement, phagocytes, and macrophage-de ...
... part is responsible for the production of antibodies and memory (acquired immunity) and the cellular part (natural immunity) protects without prior exposure to foreign substances. The other side, the natural or innate system includes, skin, mucous membranes, complement, phagocytes, and macrophage-de ...
1. Chapter 33 pt1
... • Begins with activation of C3 • Results in formation of membrane attack complex ...
... • Begins with activation of C3 • Results in formation of membrane attack complex ...
B cell
... Migrate OUT of the blood when the sense differences in concentration of certain chemicals engulf bacteria, dead cells, etc…. ...
... Migrate OUT of the blood when the sense differences in concentration of certain chemicals engulf bacteria, dead cells, etc…. ...
13 The Lymphatic System and Immunity
... The lymphatic system returns excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream, absorbs fats at the intestinal villi and transports them to the bloodstream, and helps defend the body against disease. The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, which are structurally similar to veins, and lymphatic orga ...
... The lymphatic system returns excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream, absorbs fats at the intestinal villi and transports them to the bloodstream, and helps defend the body against disease. The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, which are structurally similar to veins, and lymphatic orga ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.