topic 11 notes
... • Remove spleen (ouch) to get blood cells including the b-cells that are producing the antibodies. • Keep the b-cells alive by fusing them with cancerous myeloma cells, when they are grown together, some will fuse and become hybridoma cells that have characteristics of both cells. They make the anti ...
... • Remove spleen (ouch) to get blood cells including the b-cells that are producing the antibodies. • Keep the b-cells alive by fusing them with cancerous myeloma cells, when they are grown together, some will fuse and become hybridoma cells that have characteristics of both cells. They make the anti ...
Unit_4_Topic_6_Infection_immunity_and_forensics_Objectives
... 8. Distinguish between the structure of bacteria and viruses. 9. Describe the role of micro-organisms in the decomposition of organic matter and the recycling of carbon. 10. Describe the major routes pathogens may take when entering the body and explain the role of barriers in protecting the body fr ...
... 8. Distinguish between the structure of bacteria and viruses. 9. Describe the role of micro-organisms in the decomposition of organic matter and the recycling of carbon. 10. Describe the major routes pathogens may take when entering the body and explain the role of barriers in protecting the body fr ...
The Lymphatic System
... producing antibodies that destroy the antigenbearing particles (don’t kill cells directly – called antibody-mediated immunity) B lymphocytes “taste” foreign antigens, so that they can then make appropriate matching antibodies which can attack the foreign invaders. Antibodies (immunoglobulins) – ...
... producing antibodies that destroy the antigenbearing particles (don’t kill cells directly – called antibody-mediated immunity) B lymphocytes “taste” foreign antigens, so that they can then make appropriate matching antibodies which can attack the foreign invaders. Antibodies (immunoglobulins) – ...
Immune system powerpoint immune_system
... Acquired immunity has two branches: the humoral immune response and the cellmediated immune response Humoral immune response involves activation and clonal selection of B cells, resulting in production of secreted ...
... Acquired immunity has two branches: the humoral immune response and the cellmediated immune response Humoral immune response involves activation and clonal selection of B cells, resulting in production of secreted ...
White 1: Blood Information
... Have specific antigen receptors that will bind to cells infected by certain antigens. Once they bind they will send a chemical signal to other cells to come help destroy the cell. ...
... Have specific antigen receptors that will bind to cells infected by certain antigens. Once they bind they will send a chemical signal to other cells to come help destroy the cell. ...
through “Pattern recognition”
... Multiphasic induction of murine type I IFN genes can be divided into three phases. (a) The immediate early phase. Virus infection stimulates a phosphorylation cascade, leading to the activation of at least three families of transcription factors, including NF-kB, AP-1 and IRF3. Activation of the IFN ...
... Multiphasic induction of murine type I IFN genes can be divided into three phases. (a) The immediate early phase. Virus infection stimulates a phosphorylation cascade, leading to the activation of at least three families of transcription factors, including NF-kB, AP-1 and IRF3. Activation of the IFN ...
Immunology - TeacherWeb
... – Originate in bone marrow and then go to thymus – T-killer – kill tumor cells and infected cells – T-helper – activate T and B cells ...
... – Originate in bone marrow and then go to thymus – T-killer – kill tumor cells and infected cells – T-helper – activate T and B cells ...
Reconnaissance, Recognition, and Response
... formed by the skin and mucous membranes, which cover the surface and line the openings of an animal’s body. • If it succeeds, the pathogen encounters the second line of nonspecific defense, innate cellular and chemical mechanisms that defend against the attacking foreign cell. The skin and mucous me ...
... formed by the skin and mucous membranes, which cover the surface and line the openings of an animal’s body. • If it succeeds, the pathogen encounters the second line of nonspecific defense, innate cellular and chemical mechanisms that defend against the attacking foreign cell. The skin and mucous me ...
Cell Mediated Immunity
... Those that bind to 3) antigens from the body's own tissues are destroyed, while the rest mature into 4) inactive lymphocytes. Most of these will never encounter a matching 5) foreign antigen, but those that do are activated and produce 6) many clones of themselves ...
... Those that bind to 3) antigens from the body's own tissues are destroyed, while the rest mature into 4) inactive lymphocytes. Most of these will never encounter a matching 5) foreign antigen, but those that do are activated and produce 6) many clones of themselves ...
Table of Contents - Milan Area Schools
... Nonspecific Defenses • Phagocytes ingest pathogens. There are several types of phagocytes: Neutrophils attack pathogens in infected tissue. Monocytes mature into macrophages. They live longer and consume larger numbers of pathogens than do neutrophils. Some roam and others are stationary in lymp ...
... Nonspecific Defenses • Phagocytes ingest pathogens. There are several types of phagocytes: Neutrophils attack pathogens in infected tissue. Monocytes mature into macrophages. They live longer and consume larger numbers of pathogens than do neutrophils. Some roam and others are stationary in lymp ...
The Immune System and Disease Chapter 40 Page 1030
... millions of white blood cells which fight the infection. Blood vessels near the wound expand, and white blood cells move from the vessels to enter the infected tissues. The infected tissue may become swollen and painful. The immune system also increases the core body temperature resulting in a ...
... millions of white blood cells which fight the infection. Blood vessels near the wound expand, and white blood cells move from the vessels to enter the infected tissues. The infected tissue may become swollen and painful. The immune system also increases the core body temperature resulting in a ...
types and functions of lymphocytes. learning objective
... B-lymphocytes have specific receptors on their cell membrane – ANTIBODIES – that bind with invading materials/organisms. ANTIBODIES Proteins produced by lymphocytes in response to an antigen. They bind to specific sites on antigen surfaces. Antibodies don’t kill organisms. However, they: ...
... B-lymphocytes have specific receptors on their cell membrane – ANTIBODIES – that bind with invading materials/organisms. ANTIBODIES Proteins produced by lymphocytes in response to an antigen. They bind to specific sites on antigen surfaces. Antibodies don’t kill organisms. However, they: ...
1 - Cloudfront.net
... Complement 1) Composed of blood plasma proteins 2) Activated when pathogens enter the body 3) Amplify the inflammatory response 4) Bind to the surface of pathogens, ensuring that they will be phagocytized 5) Form a membrane attack complex that punches holes in the walls and membranes of bacteria b. ...
... Complement 1) Composed of blood plasma proteins 2) Activated when pathogens enter the body 3) Amplify the inflammatory response 4) Bind to the surface of pathogens, ensuring that they will be phagocytized 5) Form a membrane attack complex that punches holes in the walls and membranes of bacteria b. ...
NUR127 Unit 1 Lecture 2 Immunology
... with an unusual plasma membrane, such as cells that are infected by a virus or have become cancerous. Cytolysis: Perforin protein is injected into the cell to cause it to “explode”. Granzymes: Cause the cell to self-destruct. Found in the spleen, red bone marrow, & lymph nodes. ...
... with an unusual plasma membrane, such as cells that are infected by a virus or have become cancerous. Cytolysis: Perforin protein is injected into the cell to cause it to “explode”. Granzymes: Cause the cell to self-destruct. Found in the spleen, red bone marrow, & lymph nodes. ...
Immune Activity Questions:
... Immune Activity Questions: Questions: Attach your individual’s questions to the team’s project. 1. Discuss some of the ways microbes evade the body's immune system. 2. Distinguish between antigen and antibody. Then explain how antibodies and macrophages work together during an antigen-antibody react ...
... Immune Activity Questions: Questions: Attach your individual’s questions to the team’s project. 1. Discuss some of the ways microbes evade the body's immune system. 2. Distinguish between antigen and antibody. Then explain how antibodies and macrophages work together during an antigen-antibody react ...
Immunopathology
... combating infections. -It consists of lymphocytes and their products, including antibodies. ...
... combating infections. -It consists of lymphocytes and their products, including antibodies. ...
Humoral Immune Effector Mechanisms
... functions related to immune defense 3. Inflammation. Peptides generated during activation play a role in inflammation. The anaphylatoxins of which C5a is the most potent bind receptors on mast cells and basophils and cause degranulation with the release of pharmacologically active mediators which in ...
... functions related to immune defense 3. Inflammation. Peptides generated during activation play a role in inflammation. The anaphylatoxins of which C5a is the most potent bind receptors on mast cells and basophils and cause degranulation with the release of pharmacologically active mediators which in ...
cells - Pomp
... • 60-70% WBCs; engulf and destroy microbes at infected tissue Short lived • Monocytes • 5% WBCs; develop into…. ...
... • 60-70% WBCs; engulf and destroy microbes at infected tissue Short lived • Monocytes • 5% WBCs; develop into…. ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.