25.11.2011
... The basic function of TH2 cells is the cooperation with B lymphocytes (which were stimulated by Ag) by cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6) and direct intercellular contact For stimulation of B lymphocytes is usually necessary cooperation between APC → TH2 cell → B lymphocyte In the case of the minima ...
... The basic function of TH2 cells is the cooperation with B lymphocytes (which were stimulated by Ag) by cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6) and direct intercellular contact For stimulation of B lymphocytes is usually necessary cooperation between APC → TH2 cell → B lymphocyte In the case of the minima ...
anatomy presentation 1
... Cytotoxic T Cells and Cell Mediated immune response • CD8=surface protein that enhances interaction between target cell and T cell ...
... Cytotoxic T Cells and Cell Mediated immune response • CD8=surface protein that enhances interaction between target cell and T cell ...
NK cells Expansion and Activation for Cancer Immunotherapy
... the innate innate immune immune system, system, comprising comprising ~ ...
... the innate innate immune immune system, system, comprising comprising ~ ...
File
... MOLECULE ON A PATHOGEN OR A TOXIN. • ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES MAY INACTIVATE A PATHOGEN OR TOXIN OR RENDER IT MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO PHAGOCYTOSIS. • IN OTHER CASES THE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX STIMULATES A RESPONSE WHICH RESULTS IN CELL LYSIS. • B LYMPHOCYTES ACTIVATED BY ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS AND ...
... MOLECULE ON A PATHOGEN OR A TOXIN. • ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES MAY INACTIVATE A PATHOGEN OR TOXIN OR RENDER IT MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO PHAGOCYTOSIS. • IN OTHER CASES THE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX STIMULATES A RESPONSE WHICH RESULTS IN CELL LYSIS. • B LYMPHOCYTES ACTIVATED BY ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS AND ...
Immune system
... Originate in thymus of infants Produced in bone marrow of adults T cell function Do not secrete antibodies Some attack other cells (T cytotoxic; TC) ...
... Originate in thymus of infants Produced in bone marrow of adults T cell function Do not secrete antibodies Some attack other cells (T cytotoxic; TC) ...
Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity
... Memory T-cells recognize antigen together with class II MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells Blast transformation and proliferation Stimulated T-cells release soluble factors (cytokines) Cytokines ...
... Memory T-cells recognize antigen together with class II MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells Blast transformation and proliferation Stimulated T-cells release soluble factors (cytokines) Cytokines ...
Vertebrate Innate Immunity
... When the innate immune response fails to ward of a pathogen., the acquired immune response provides a second line of defense. Acquired immunity, found only in vertebrates, is a set of defenses that are activated only after exposure to pathogens. Any foreign molecule that elicits an acquired immune ...
... When the innate immune response fails to ward of a pathogen., the acquired immune response provides a second line of defense. Acquired immunity, found only in vertebrates, is a set of defenses that are activated only after exposure to pathogens. Any foreign molecule that elicits an acquired immune ...
cause
... Memory T-cells recognize antigen together with class II MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells Blast transformation and proliferation Stimulated T-cells release soluble factors (cytokines) Cytokines ...
... Memory T-cells recognize antigen together with class II MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells Blast transformation and proliferation Stimulated T-cells release soluble factors (cytokines) Cytokines ...
Group 3 final case - Cal State LA
... treatments that have been shown to be effective, however, as with all treatments, we cannot guarantee full recovery. The most common treatment for this disease is a bone marrow transplant. If we act quickly and start treatment immediately, the prognosis might be optimistic. Those who undergo success ...
... treatments that have been shown to be effective, however, as with all treatments, we cannot guarantee full recovery. The most common treatment for this disease is a bone marrow transplant. If we act quickly and start treatment immediately, the prognosis might be optimistic. Those who undergo success ...
CD8 T cells
... binds to a conserved portion (the α3 region) of MHC Class I during T cell/antigen presenting cell interactions (see Figure 1). CD8+ T cells (often called cytotoxic T lymphocytes, or CTLs) are very important for immune defence against intracellular pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, and for t ...
... binds to a conserved portion (the α3 region) of MHC Class I during T cell/antigen presenting cell interactions (see Figure 1). CD8+ T cells (often called cytotoxic T lymphocytes, or CTLs) are very important for immune defence against intracellular pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, and for t ...
Monoclonal%20antibod..
... The antibodies travel to the blood, lymph, lining of gut and lungs. The number of plasma cells goes down after a few weeks Antibodies stay in the blood longer but eventually their numbers go down too. ...
... The antibodies travel to the blood, lymph, lining of gut and lungs. The number of plasma cells goes down after a few weeks Antibodies stay in the blood longer but eventually their numbers go down too. ...
Monoclonal%20antibod..
... The antibodies travel to the blood, lymph, lining of gut and lungs. The number of plasma cells goes down after a few weeks Antibodies stay in the blood longer but eventually their numbers go down too. ...
... The antibodies travel to the blood, lymph, lining of gut and lungs. The number of plasma cells goes down after a few weeks Antibodies stay in the blood longer but eventually their numbers go down too. ...
Cytokine - Chemotaxis Group
... • Synery : combined effetc of two or more cytokines is higher than the simple summary of the individual effects • Antagonism : cytokines can block each other e.g. IL-4 and IFN-g. • Multifunctionality: (pluripotent , pleiotrope) several cytokines possess more, different effects on the diverse target ...
... • Synery : combined effetc of two or more cytokines is higher than the simple summary of the individual effects • Antagonism : cytokines can block each other e.g. IL-4 and IFN-g. • Multifunctionality: (pluripotent , pleiotrope) several cytokines possess more, different effects on the diverse target ...
The Case of the Virulent Virus
... downside was the hordes of of mosquitos that plagued them at dusk as they relaxed near their fire. Nan covered herself with mosquito repellent and a long-sleeved shirt and jeans, but Ned stubbornly refused the repellent and sat watching the last of the sunset in his T-shirt and walking shorts. For o ...
... downside was the hordes of of mosquitos that plagued them at dusk as they relaxed near their fire. Nan covered herself with mosquito repellent and a long-sleeved shirt and jeans, but Ned stubbornly refused the repellent and sat watching the last of the sunset in his T-shirt and walking shorts. For o ...
Cytokine - Chemotaxis Group
... • Synery : combined effetc of two or more cytokines is higher than the simple summary of the individual effects • Antagonism : cytokines can block each other e.g. IL-4 and IFN-g. • Multifunctionality: (pluripotent , pleiotrope) several cytokines possess more, different effects on the diverse target ...
... • Synery : combined effetc of two or more cytokines is higher than the simple summary of the individual effects • Antagonism : cytokines can block each other e.g. IL-4 and IFN-g. • Multifunctionality: (pluripotent , pleiotrope) several cytokines possess more, different effects on the diverse target ...
341-541 - McDermott.doc
... the undergraduates. This will be demonstrated through the essay exam format used for most of this course, as well as in class discussions (both small group and whole class). ...
... the undergraduates. This will be demonstrated through the essay exam format used for most of this course, as well as in class discussions (both small group and whole class). ...
Autoimmunity 3rd yr
... Original concept – the receptors of lymphocytes with specificity for foreign antigens underwent mutation – results in a new class of receptors with specificity for self-antigens. It is now clear that autoantibodies and self-reactive T cells are normal components of the immune repertoire. ...
... Original concept – the receptors of lymphocytes with specificity for foreign antigens underwent mutation – results in a new class of receptors with specificity for self-antigens. It is now clear that autoantibodies and self-reactive T cells are normal components of the immune repertoire. ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.