Humoral immune response
... • prevailing antibody of primary immune response • high-effective agglutinant and cytolytic agent • usually isohaemagglutinins and natural antibodies ...
... • prevailing antibody of primary immune response • high-effective agglutinant and cytolytic agent • usually isohaemagglutinins and natural antibodies ...
Unit 10 p4
... • Activates B-cells when 1st encountered & IgE __________________________ __________________________________________ (remember: mast cells are found throughout the body and play a role in the inflammatory response) -Occurs within minutes of contact with allergen subsequent exposure (from 2nd time ...
... • Activates B-cells when 1st encountered & IgE __________________________ __________________________________________ (remember: mast cells are found throughout the body and play a role in the inflammatory response) -Occurs within minutes of contact with allergen subsequent exposure (from 2nd time ...
A Breakthrough in Understanding the Immune System Researchers
... skin, we often think of white blood cells whizzing through the bloodstream to fight off an infection that is trying to penetrate the body’s surface. This conventional way of thinking was also widely accepted by the scientific community, who believed the bloodstream was the most important source of T ...
... skin, we often think of white blood cells whizzing through the bloodstream to fight off an infection that is trying to penetrate the body’s surface. This conventional way of thinking was also widely accepted by the scientific community, who believed the bloodstream was the most important source of T ...
Nrsg 407 Disorders of the Immune System
... • Important part of immunity is how antigens are displayed to immune cells • The MCH is a glycoprotein complex on the surface of all cells (except RBCs) • It allows for immune cells to recognize the cell as self or nonself • AKA as Human Leukocyte antigens (HLA) ...
... • Important part of immunity is how antigens are displayed to immune cells • The MCH is a glycoprotein complex on the surface of all cells (except RBCs) • It allows for immune cells to recognize the cell as self or nonself • AKA as Human Leukocyte antigens (HLA) ...
Immune system
... Occurs when the immune system sees “self” antigens as “nonself” • may be due to genetic factors, infectious agents, gender, and age • the autoimmune response results in tissue damage ...
... Occurs when the immune system sees “self” antigens as “nonself” • may be due to genetic factors, infectious agents, gender, and age • the autoimmune response results in tissue damage ...
The Immune System
... & attached to the cell’s MHC when processed through the cell’s machinery MHC-antigen complex is placed on the cell ...
... & attached to the cell’s MHC when processed through the cell’s machinery MHC-antigen complex is placed on the cell ...
... interaction. In addition to the antibody component, the receptor also contains signaling chains. iii) All B-cell receptors are identical on a single B-cell, but diversity is on the order of 108 different B-cells within an individual. Genetic diversity in population is low – we all have the same germ ...
Conflict: Immunity
... An animal’s most basic defenses against pathogens include physical barriers, like skin or a shell, and chemical barriers like sweat, tears, saliva, mucus, stomach acid, and urine. If pathogens are able to breach any of these barriers, it is vital that the immune system is able to distinguish these f ...
... An animal’s most basic defenses against pathogens include physical barriers, like skin or a shell, and chemical barriers like sweat, tears, saliva, mucus, stomach acid, and urine. If pathogens are able to breach any of these barriers, it is vital that the immune system is able to distinguish these f ...
Immunity to parasites
... an initial infection is not eliminated but established, and the host then acquires resistance to invasion by new worms of the same species. ...
... an initial infection is not eliminated but established, and the host then acquires resistance to invasion by new worms of the same species. ...
Biology 232
... normal bacterial fauna – inhibits bad microbes 2) phagocytes neutrophils and monocytes in blood macrophages – in tissues (derived from monocytes) 3) immunological surveillance – seeking out and destroying abnormal cells natural killer cells (nonspecific lymphocytes) wander throughout body and recogn ...
... normal bacterial fauna – inhibits bad microbes 2) phagocytes neutrophils and monocytes in blood macrophages – in tissues (derived from monocytes) 3) immunological surveillance – seeking out and destroying abnormal cells natural killer cells (nonspecific lymphocytes) wander throughout body and recogn ...
Altered Immune Responses - rivier.instructure.com.
... • Cytokines – Immune response involves complex interactions of T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, and neutrophils - depends on Cytokines – Acts as messenger between the cell types – Instruct cells to alter their proliferation, differentiation, secretion, or activity – 60 different ones – Can have detrimen ...
... • Cytokines – Immune response involves complex interactions of T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, and neutrophils - depends on Cytokines – Acts as messenger between the cell types – Instruct cells to alter their proliferation, differentiation, secretion, or activity – 60 different ones – Can have detrimen ...
White Blood Cells Morphology and Counts
... associated with hypersensitivity reactions. • This release occurs when antigens complex with IgE is located on the cellular surface. ...
... associated with hypersensitivity reactions. • This release occurs when antigens complex with IgE is located on the cellular surface. ...
Specific Defenses
... produces monoclonal Abs (Mabs) Immunotoxins: Mabs conjugated with a toxin to target cancer cells Chimeric Mabs: ...
... produces monoclonal Abs (Mabs) Immunotoxins: Mabs conjugated with a toxin to target cancer cells Chimeric Mabs: ...
Immune System
... – Can be triggered by an infection (foreign antigens that are similar to human antigens) ...
... – Can be triggered by an infection (foreign antigens that are similar to human antigens) ...
Kuby Immunology 6/e - Dr. Jennifer Capers, PhD
... ○ Arrest and adhesion, mediated by integrins binding to Ig-family ○ Transendothelial migration ...
... ○ Arrest and adhesion, mediated by integrins binding to Ig-family ○ Transendothelial migration ...
Ch 14 Lymphatic System
... Ex: type I diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systematic lupus erythematosus Why would the body do such a thing? - A virus while replicating “borrowed” proteins from the host cell and put it into it’s surface so when the immune while attacking viral invaded cells also attacks self-cells that h ...
... Ex: type I diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systematic lupus erythematosus Why would the body do such a thing? - A virus while replicating “borrowed” proteins from the host cell and put it into it’s surface so when the immune while attacking viral invaded cells also attacks self-cells that h ...
PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class
... immunity one develops throughout life. There are two major branches of the adaptive immune responses: 1. Humoral immunity : involves the production of antibody molecules in response to an antigen and is mediated by B-lymphocytes. 2. cell-mediated immunity : involves the production of cytotoxic T-lym ...
... immunity one develops throughout life. There are two major branches of the adaptive immune responses: 1. Humoral immunity : involves the production of antibody molecules in response to an antigen and is mediated by B-lymphocytes. 2. cell-mediated immunity : involves the production of cytotoxic T-lym ...
Chapter 39 Immunity from Disease
... – It returns tissue fluid to the circulatory system – It fights infections ...
... – It returns tissue fluid to the circulatory system – It fights infections ...
CELLS AND TISSUES OF THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
... A major function of macrophages in host defense is to ingest and kill microbes ingest dead host cells as part of the cleaning up process after infection or sterile tissue injury Activated macrophages secrete proteins, called cytokines, Macrophages serve as APCs promote repair of damaged tissues by s ...
... A major function of macrophages in host defense is to ingest and kill microbes ingest dead host cells as part of the cleaning up process after infection or sterile tissue injury Activated macrophages secrete proteins, called cytokines, Macrophages serve as APCs promote repair of damaged tissues by s ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.