Genetics of Immunity
... against that pathogen • Protection of having a previous attack without actually having the risk • Once some diseases have been removed with vaccines there is no longer any need to administer them: ...
... against that pathogen • Protection of having a previous attack without actually having the risk • Once some diseases have been removed with vaccines there is no longer any need to administer them: ...
Genetics of Immunity
... against that pathogen • Protection of having a previous attack without actually having the risk • Once some diseases have been removed with vaccines there is no longer any need to administer them: ...
... against that pathogen • Protection of having a previous attack without actually having the risk • Once some diseases have been removed with vaccines there is no longer any need to administer them: ...
immunity - WordPress.com
... monocytes blood tissues macrophages (life span months to years) The human blood monocyte is larger than a lymphocyte & has a kidney shape nucleus ...
... monocytes blood tissues macrophages (life span months to years) The human blood monocyte is larger than a lymphocyte & has a kidney shape nucleus ...
PowerPoint Presentation - New Life College of Nursing
... Blood and interstitial fluids contains three main types of antimicrobial proteins that discourage microbial growth. ...
... Blood and interstitial fluids contains three main types of antimicrobial proteins that discourage microbial growth. ...
unit8 immune response
... Antibody: a protein produced by Blymphocytes in response to the presence of an antigen and is capable of combining specifically with the antigen (antibodies have at least 2 antigen-binding sites) Antibodies react with antigens to form antigen-antibody complexes,which neutralize toxins, inactivate vi ...
... Antibody: a protein produced by Blymphocytes in response to the presence of an antigen and is capable of combining specifically with the antigen (antibodies have at least 2 antigen-binding sites) Antibodies react with antigens to form antigen-antibody complexes,which neutralize toxins, inactivate vi ...
BIOLOGY PRESENTATION
... found in human it’s called HLA-C (human leukocyte antigen) it’s the human MHC and HLA C is the less polymorphic of all the HLA just to keep the barrier as neutral as possible. Immunosuppresion is a way of suppressing the immune response to protect the fetus against rejection. Two scientists called M ...
... found in human it’s called HLA-C (human leukocyte antigen) it’s the human MHC and HLA C is the less polymorphic of all the HLA just to keep the barrier as neutral as possible. Immunosuppresion is a way of suppressing the immune response to protect the fetus against rejection. Two scientists called M ...
The Specific Immune Response
... • Now, TH cells start to secrete cytokines ( IL-4 and IL-5) that stimulate B-lymphocyte to divide (clonal expansion) and differentiate into plasma cells (1 B cell --> 4,000 Ab-secreting cells --> ~1012 ...
... • Now, TH cells start to secrete cytokines ( IL-4 and IL-5) that stimulate B-lymphocyte to divide (clonal expansion) and differentiate into plasma cells (1 B cell --> 4,000 Ab-secreting cells --> ~1012 ...
Study Guide - Communicable Diseases, Ch
... (If pathogens break through the body’s outermost barriers, our body then goes into “red alert.” Increased blood flow allows the phagocytes to continue to enter the infected body tissue until the pathogens are destroyed.) ...
... (If pathogens break through the body’s outermost barriers, our body then goes into “red alert.” Increased blood flow allows the phagocytes to continue to enter the infected body tissue until the pathogens are destroyed.) ...
Non-specific (innate) immune system Specific (adaptive) immune
... Named after the bone marrow, where immature B cells are produced. B cells are both antigenpresenting and antigen-receiving cells. ...
... Named after the bone marrow, where immature B cells are produced. B cells are both antigenpresenting and antigen-receiving cells. ...
Chapt07 Lecture 13ed Pt 3
... • Each B cell has a unique receptor called a BCR that binds a specific antigen. ...
... • Each B cell has a unique receptor called a BCR that binds a specific antigen. ...
Immune System Disorders
... vigorous overreaction of the immune system to a previously encountered antigen. Mast cells are immune cells involved in allergic responses, they are non- motile, found around blood vessels, in connective tissue and in the lungs. Mast cells release active agents such as Histamine, which cause contrac ...
... vigorous overreaction of the immune system to a previously encountered antigen. Mast cells are immune cells involved in allergic responses, they are non- motile, found around blood vessels, in connective tissue and in the lungs. Mast cells release active agents such as Histamine, which cause contrac ...
E_Released TAKS Questions
... A fish’s ability to taste food is affected by the clarity of aquarium water Tadpoles’ fear of carnivorous insect larvae increases as the tadpoles age The number of times a dog wags its tail indicates how content the dog is ...
... A fish’s ability to taste food is affected by the clarity of aquarium water Tadpoles’ fear of carnivorous insect larvae increases as the tadpoles age The number of times a dog wags its tail indicates how content the dog is ...
Ub - Ub -Ub- Ub
... Cytokine such as TNF-, and environmental hazards such as inonizing radiation, toxic substances trigger the nuclear translocation of NK-kB via activation of inhibitor-of- NF-kB (IkB) kinase complex (IKK). IKK phosphorylates IkB bound to NF-kB which consists of a dimer of Rel family proteins such as ...
... Cytokine such as TNF-, and environmental hazards such as inonizing radiation, toxic substances trigger the nuclear translocation of NK-kB via activation of inhibitor-of- NF-kB (IkB) kinase complex (IKK). IKK phosphorylates IkB bound to NF-kB which consists of a dimer of Rel family proteins such as ...
Defence against infections Immunisation
... If someone catches a disease, their body produces antibodies to defend itself from the disease. The lymphocytes, which produce these antibodies, remain in circulation for some time – just in case the body is infected again. Sometimes, babies inherit the antibody from their mother’s milk. This is cal ...
... If someone catches a disease, their body produces antibodies to defend itself from the disease. The lymphocytes, which produce these antibodies, remain in circulation for some time – just in case the body is infected again. Sometimes, babies inherit the antibody from their mother’s milk. This is cal ...
Ch. 43 The Immune System notes
... • Acquired immunodeficiency develops later in life and results from exposure to chemical and biological agents • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by a virus ...
... • Acquired immunodeficiency develops later in life and results from exposure to chemical and biological agents • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by a virus ...
1 - Intoduction to immunology 2015-16
... A microbial community that inhabits the skin and mucosal membranes of mouth, gut and vagina. Symbiotic, non-pathogenic microbes, living in „peaceful” commensalisms. In this ecosystem, the fittest survive and there is a competition over nutrients with pathogenic organisms. (Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, ...
... A microbial community that inhabits the skin and mucosal membranes of mouth, gut and vagina. Symbiotic, non-pathogenic microbes, living in „peaceful” commensalisms. In this ecosystem, the fittest survive and there is a competition over nutrients with pathogenic organisms. (Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, ...
Airgas template
... White blood cells (granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes) are formed in the bone marrow. The life span of white blood cells is relatively long, so constant renewal is not necessary to maintain normal blood levels. In neutropenia, all of the cell lines are affected, resulting in anemia, thrombocyt ...
... White blood cells (granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes) are formed in the bone marrow. The life span of white blood cells is relatively long, so constant renewal is not necessary to maintain normal blood levels. In neutropenia, all of the cell lines are affected, resulting in anemia, thrombocyt ...
Lecture on Innate Immunity and Inflammation
... • Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1) signal to endothelial cells to make them: – Leaky to fluid (influx of plasma; containing antibodies, complement components, etc.) – Sticky for leukocytes, leading to influx of neutrophils first, then monocytes, lymphocytes – Systemic effects: fever, acute pha ...
... • Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1) signal to endothelial cells to make them: – Leaky to fluid (influx of plasma; containing antibodies, complement components, etc.) – Sticky for leukocytes, leading to influx of neutrophils first, then monocytes, lymphocytes – Systemic effects: fever, acute pha ...
immunesystem
... Asthma - a respiratory disorder that can cause breathing problems, frequently involves an allergic response by the lungs. If the lungs are oversensitive to certain allergens (like pollen), it can trigger breathing tubes in the lungs to become narrowed, leading to reduced airflow and making it hard f ...
... Asthma - a respiratory disorder that can cause breathing problems, frequently involves an allergic response by the lungs. If the lungs are oversensitive to certain allergens (like pollen), it can trigger breathing tubes in the lungs to become narrowed, leading to reduced airflow and making it hard f ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.