- SlideBoom
... and macrophages, seems prominent. TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-15, interferon-γ, and growth factors (GM-CSF, TGF-β) as well as proteases and elastases released by leukocytes and synoviocytes. TNF-α and IL-1 upregulate expression of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells, resulting in the accumulation of whi ...
... and macrophages, seems prominent. TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-15, interferon-γ, and growth factors (GM-CSF, TGF-β) as well as proteases and elastases released by leukocytes and synoviocytes. TNF-α and IL-1 upregulate expression of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells, resulting in the accumulation of whi ...
File
... other pathogens by first engulfing them and then breaking them down. There are two types of phagocytes which are involved in our innate defences – neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell, accounting for 60-70% of the total number of WBCs. Neu ...
... other pathogens by first engulfing them and then breaking them down. There are two types of phagocytes which are involved in our innate defences – neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell, accounting for 60-70% of the total number of WBCs. Neu ...
RFC_CP_Decouverte_immunologie_CIML
... “This is the first time that redundancy between these 2 cell populations has been formally demonstrated,” says Éric Vivier. “All the evidence suggests that these two defence systems were co-selected during evolution to ensure optimal protection against infection.” Ultimately, this discovery could th ...
... “This is the first time that redundancy between these 2 cell populations has been formally demonstrated,” says Éric Vivier. “All the evidence suggests that these two defence systems were co-selected during evolution to ensure optimal protection against infection.” Ultimately, this discovery could th ...
skin and immune system
... Phagocytes move into the area and engulf the bacteria and cell debris Bacteria enter the wound Capillary ...
... Phagocytes move into the area and engulf the bacteria and cell debris Bacteria enter the wound Capillary ...
NOTES: Specific Defenses / Immunity (Ch 14, part 3)
... NOTES: Specific Defenses / Immunity (UNIT 9 part 3) ...
... NOTES: Specific Defenses / Immunity (UNIT 9 part 3) ...
The Science behind the “Noses are Red” show
... The “Noses are Red” show is about allergies and the biological causes behind them. In order to explain allergies you need to understand a certain amount about the immune system and that is why the show begins with an introduction to the immune system. The science of Immunology is extremely complicat ...
... The “Noses are Red” show is about allergies and the biological causes behind them. In order to explain allergies you need to understand a certain amount about the immune system and that is why the show begins with an introduction to the immune system. The science of Immunology is extremely complicat ...
The Science behind the “Noses are Red” show
... The “Noses are Red” show is about allergies and the biological causes behind them. In order to explain allergies you need to understand a certain amount about the immune system and that is why the show begins with an introduction to the immune system. The science of Immunology is extremely complicat ...
... The “Noses are Red” show is about allergies and the biological causes behind them. In order to explain allergies you need to understand a certain amount about the immune system and that is why the show begins with an introduction to the immune system. The science of Immunology is extremely complicat ...
Microbiology – Pathogenecity / Host Defence Mechanisms against
... Neutralise the toxins produced by the invading bacteria Induce complement activation, and the inflammatory response – both aiding in the fight against the invading bacteria Lysis – can cause cell lysis Inhibition of motility – they can cause the bacteria to be trapped (i.e.: fibrin ...
... Neutralise the toxins produced by the invading bacteria Induce complement activation, and the inflammatory response – both aiding in the fight against the invading bacteria Lysis – can cause cell lysis Inhibition of motility – they can cause the bacteria to be trapped (i.e.: fibrin ...
Immune System PowerPoint
... which digests bacterial cell walls If there is a break in the skin, it will try to heal and blood flows outward preventing the infection from getting inside Our breathing passages are covered in hairs and mucus that are meant to trap foreign organisms and expel them from our bodies Organisms that en ...
... which digests bacterial cell walls If there is a break in the skin, it will try to heal and blood flows outward preventing the infection from getting inside Our breathing passages are covered in hairs and mucus that are meant to trap foreign organisms and expel them from our bodies Organisms that en ...
Lymphatic and Immune
... There are two types of antigens Complete: ability to stimulate proliferation of and react with specific lymphocytes and antibodies. Incomplete: small molecules that have hooked up with the bodies own proteins and the immune system does not recognize them. ...
... There are two types of antigens Complete: ability to stimulate proliferation of and react with specific lymphocytes and antibodies. Incomplete: small molecules that have hooked up with the bodies own proteins and the immune system does not recognize them. ...
Mechanism of delayed hypersensitivity
... • Haptens enter the epidermis, combine with a carrier protein, and then are phagocytized by Langerhans’ cells. • The Langerhans’ cells migrate to a regional lymph node and present the Hapten-peptide in MHC class II to CD4+ T cells. • Resulting in a population of memory CD4+ T cells. Adapted from Roi ...
... • Haptens enter the epidermis, combine with a carrier protein, and then are phagocytized by Langerhans’ cells. • The Langerhans’ cells migrate to a regional lymph node and present the Hapten-peptide in MHC class II to CD4+ T cells. • Resulting in a population of memory CD4+ T cells. Adapted from Roi ...
Immune system notes - St Paul`s School Intranet
... outside of a virus. What is important is that the lymphocyte can recognize it as a foreign molecule i.e. one that would not normally be found in the body. Each antigen has a particular molecular shape, which will activate certain lymphocytes to secrete proteins called antibodies. Lymphocytes have re ...
... outside of a virus. What is important is that the lymphocyte can recognize it as a foreign molecule i.e. one that would not normally be found in the body. Each antigen has a particular molecular shape, which will activate certain lymphocytes to secrete proteins called antibodies. Lymphocytes have re ...
Partner review Unit 11
... 1. What organism has metanephridia as their excretory system? 2. Freshwater animals constantly __________ water to the environment. 3. Describe the 3 types of external innate immunity. 4. True or False: Innate immunity is specific. 5. What are antibodies? 6. Describe the characteristics of the white ...
... 1. What organism has metanephridia as their excretory system? 2. Freshwater animals constantly __________ water to the environment. 3. Describe the 3 types of external innate immunity. 4. True or False: Innate immunity is specific. 5. What are antibodies? 6. Describe the characteristics of the white ...
دانلود فایل
... • Because this form of immunity develops as a response to infection and adapts to the infection, it is called adaptive immunity. • It has a huge capacity to distinguish between different microbes and molecules, and for this reason it is also called Specific immunity ...
... • Because this form of immunity develops as a response to infection and adapts to the infection, it is called adaptive immunity. • It has a huge capacity to distinguish between different microbes and molecules, and for this reason it is also called Specific immunity ...
Chapter 19: Disorders of the Immune System
... as foreign by the immune system due to the presence of non-self MHC class I molecules: • human MHC class I molecules are referred to as the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) complex • there are 3 HLA genes resulting in up to 6 different HLA proteins per individual • there are many different HLA alleles ...
... as foreign by the immune system due to the presence of non-self MHC class I molecules: • human MHC class I molecules are referred to as the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) complex • there are 3 HLA genes resulting in up to 6 different HLA proteins per individual • there are many different HLA alleles ...
Document
... suitable stimulus, secrete cytokines. Each cytokine can be capture by a specific antibody linked to an enzyme that reacts with a specific substrate and generates a colored product detectable as assorbance ...
... suitable stimulus, secrete cytokines. Each cytokine can be capture by a specific antibody linked to an enzyme that reacts with a specific substrate and generates a colored product detectable as assorbance ...
link
... • Type 1—stimulate cytotoxic Tcells • Type 2—stimulate B-cells • Helper T-cells recognize antigens, but can do nothing about it on their own. They secrete cytokines (such as interleukin) to direct what kind of immune response should be activated. • For most infections, Helper T’s are crucial for a r ...
... • Type 1—stimulate cytotoxic Tcells • Type 2—stimulate B-cells • Helper T-cells recognize antigens, but can do nothing about it on their own. They secrete cytokines (such as interleukin) to direct what kind of immune response should be activated. • For most infections, Helper T’s are crucial for a r ...
Resistance of The Body to Infection Immunity and Allergy
... The human body has the ability to resist almost all types of organisms or toxins that tend to damage the tissues and organs. This capability is called immunity. Much of immunity is acquired immunity that does not develop until after the body is first attacked by a bacterium, virus, or toxin, often r ...
... The human body has the ability to resist almost all types of organisms or toxins that tend to damage the tissues and organs. This capability is called immunity. Much of immunity is acquired immunity that does not develop until after the body is first attacked by a bacterium, virus, or toxin, often r ...
REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
... • Telomeres – repeats of the DNA sequence (GGGTTA) and protein located at the end of chromosomes – up to 2000 copies per cell • Provide stabilization and protect chromosomal ends from damage; regulate cell replication • At every cell division they shorten by 50-100 bp ...
... • Telomeres – repeats of the DNA sequence (GGGTTA) and protein located at the end of chromosomes – up to 2000 copies per cell • Provide stabilization and protect chromosomal ends from damage; regulate cell replication • At every cell division they shorten by 50-100 bp ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.