Download Infectious Diseases

Infectious Diseases
Diseases that are
caused by organisms
multiplying within the
h
human
b
body
d once th
they
have gained entry
entry.
g
Pathogens
A type of small
small,
microscopic organisms
known to cause
i f ti
infectious
diseases.
di
Parasites
Organisms that live in
or on another organism
and consume its
nourishment.
i h
t
Bacteria
Single-celled
Single
celled
organisms that invade
the body and then
multiply
lti l att a rapid
id rate.
t
Viruses
The smallest known
type of infectious agent.
Rickettsias
Resemble small
bacteria, but can only
multiply by invading the
cells
ll off another
th lif
life fform.
Protozoans
Single-celled
Single
celled organisms
that are larger and
more complex than
b t i
bacteria.
g
Fungi
Simple organisms that
cannot make their own
food.
Resident Bacteria
Types of friendly
bacteria that help the
body function properly.
Transmission
The spread of infectious
pathogens.
Direct Contact
When an uninfected
person comes into
physical contact with
an infected
i f t d person.
Communicable Diseases
Infectious diseases that
are spread by direct or
indirect contact.
Immunity
The body’s
body s natural
defense against
infection.
p
y
Nonspecific
Immunity
The body’s
body s natural
defense that protects
against infectious
agents
t in
i a universal
i
l
way.
way
Mucus Membranes
The soft,
soft skin-like
skin like lining
of your nose, mouth,
and lungs that produces
mucus.
Cilia
Tiny hairs that catch
pathogens before they
enter the body.
g y
Phagocytes
White blood cells that
group together to destroy
foreign organisms.
g y
Phagocytosis
The process of
phagocytes engulfing
and terminating
pathogens.
th
y Response
p
Inflammatory
The body
body’s
s response to
foreign
g p
pathogens
g
characterized by an
increased blood flow to
facilitate the movement of
phagocytes into body
tissues.
tissues
p
y
Specific
Immunity
The body’s
body s way of
fighting off pathogens
that have evaded its
non-specific
ifi iimmunity.
it
y p
y
Lymphocytes
A type of white blood
cell that can be found
in blood vessels and
l
lymph
h vessels.
l
Plasma Cells
Formed from B cells
that release antibodies
to destroy pathogens.
Antibodies
Proteins that destroy or
neutralize pathogens.
y
Immunity
A natural resistance to
pathogens.
Vaccination
A serum generally
administered in a shot to
provide antibodies that
are needed to fight off
tthe
e pathogen
pat oge sshould
ou d you
ever be exposed to it.
p
Epidemic
An outbreak of an
infectious disease that
affects a large
population.
l ti
STD’s
STD s is an acronym for
STD’s
Sexuallyy Transmitted
Diseases, or diseases
th t are passed
that
d ffrom
one person to another
through intercourse.
y
Chlamydia
A bacteria-caused
bacteria caused infection
generally
g
y transmitted
through sexual contact that
affects the vagina in
females and the urethra in
males.
y
Sterility
The inability to conceive
children.
Gonorrhea
A bacteria
bacteria-caused
caused infection
generally transmitted
th
through
h sexuall contact
t t th
thatt
affects the mucous
membrane of the male
urethra and the female
cervix.
Genital Warts
Pink, cauliflower
Pink
cauliflower-like
like
pp
on the
warts that appear
genitals and are
generally
ll ttransmitted
itt d tto
others through sexual
contact.
p
Genital Herpes
Blister-like
Blister
like sores on the
genitals that are
generally transmitted to
others
th
th
through
h sexuall
contact.
contact
yp
Syphilis
A sexually transmitted
disease caused by a
small bacterium called a
spirochete
i h t th
thatt attacks
tt k
many parts of the body
body.
Chancre
A reddish,
reddish painless
sore that results from
syphilis.
AIDS
The final stage of an
HIV infection that is
characterized by a
severely
l weakened
k
d
immune system
system.
HIV
The human
immunodeficiency virus;
a virus that attacks the
b d ’ iimmune system.
body’s
t
Intravenous (IV) Drugs
Drugs that are injected
directly into veins.
Obesity
To have a Body Mass
Index (BMI) of greater
than 30, or being at
l
least
t 20% above
b
one’s
’
ideal body weight
weight.
Heart Disease
An abnormal condition of
the heart, generally
caused by a narrowing of
th arteries,
the
t i
th
thatt can
cause problems with
proper
p
p circulation.