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Transcript
Infectious Diseases Diseases that are caused by organisms multiplying within the h human b body d once th they have gained entry entry. g Pathogens A type of small small, microscopic organisms known to cause i f ti infectious diseases. di Parasites Organisms that live in or on another organism and consume its nourishment. i h t Bacteria Single-celled Single celled organisms that invade the body and then multiply lti l att a rapid id rate. t Viruses The smallest known type of infectious agent. Rickettsias Resemble small bacteria, but can only multiply by invading the cells ll off another th lif life fform. Protozoans Single-celled Single celled organisms that are larger and more complex than b t i bacteria. g Fungi Simple organisms that cannot make their own food. Resident Bacteria Types of friendly bacteria that help the body function properly. Transmission The spread of infectious pathogens. Direct Contact When an uninfected person comes into physical contact with an infected i f t d person. Communicable Diseases Infectious diseases that are spread by direct or indirect contact. Immunity The body’s body s natural defense against infection. p y Nonspecific Immunity The body’s body s natural defense that protects against infectious agents t in i a universal i l way. way Mucus Membranes The soft, soft skin-like skin like lining of your nose, mouth, and lungs that produces mucus. Cilia Tiny hairs that catch pathogens before they enter the body. g y Phagocytes White blood cells that group together to destroy foreign organisms. g y Phagocytosis The process of phagocytes engulfing and terminating pathogens. th y Response p Inflammatory The body body’s s response to foreign g p pathogens g characterized by an increased blood flow to facilitate the movement of phagocytes into body tissues. tissues p y Specific Immunity The body’s body s way of fighting off pathogens that have evaded its non-specific ifi iimmunity. it y p y Lymphocytes A type of white blood cell that can be found in blood vessels and l lymph h vessels. l Plasma Cells Formed from B cells that release antibodies to destroy pathogens. Antibodies Proteins that destroy or neutralize pathogens. y Immunity A natural resistance to pathogens. Vaccination A serum generally administered in a shot to provide antibodies that are needed to fight off tthe e pathogen pat oge sshould ou d you ever be exposed to it. p Epidemic An outbreak of an infectious disease that affects a large population. l ti STD’s STD s is an acronym for STD’s Sexuallyy Transmitted Diseases, or diseases th t are passed that d ffrom one person to another through intercourse. y Chlamydia A bacteria-caused bacteria caused infection generally g y transmitted through sexual contact that affects the vagina in females and the urethra in males. y Sterility The inability to conceive children. Gonorrhea A bacteria bacteria-caused caused infection generally transmitted th through h sexuall contact t t th thatt affects the mucous membrane of the male urethra and the female cervix. Genital Warts Pink, cauliflower Pink cauliflower-like like pp on the warts that appear genitals and are generally ll ttransmitted itt d tto others through sexual contact. p Genital Herpes Blister-like Blister like sores on the genitals that are generally transmitted to others th th through h sexuall contact. contact yp Syphilis A sexually transmitted disease caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete i h t th thatt attacks tt k many parts of the body body. Chancre A reddish, reddish painless sore that results from syphilis. AIDS The final stage of an HIV infection that is characterized by a severely l weakened k d immune system system. HIV The human immunodeficiency virus; a virus that attacks the b d ’ iimmune system. body’s t Intravenous (IV) Drugs Drugs that are injected directly into veins. Obesity To have a Body Mass Index (BMI) of greater than 30, or being at l least t 20% above b one’s ’ ideal body weight weight. Heart Disease An abnormal condition of the heart, generally caused by a narrowing of th arteries, the t i th thatt can cause problems with proper p p circulation.