Sending a message: extracellular vesicles of pathogenic protozoan
... recruitment and activation of leukocytes71,72. Inflammation is often associated with the increased secretion of cytokines, including interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑4, IL‑6, IL‑8, IL‑10, IL‑12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon‑γ (IFNγ)71–73. The activation of immune cells also requires interac ...
... recruitment and activation of leukocytes71,72. Inflammation is often associated with the increased secretion of cytokines, including interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑4, IL‑6, IL‑8, IL‑10, IL‑12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon‑γ (IFNγ)71–73. The activation of immune cells also requires interac ...
Aspergillus fumigatus conidia induce interferon-b signalling in respiratory epithelial cells C. Beisswenger*
... immune functions of respiratory epithelial cells are well described in the response to bacteria and viruses, little is known about the response of these cells to fungal pathogens such as A. fumigatus and its spores, the conidia. It has been shown that surfactant found in the fluids lining the epithe ...
... immune functions of respiratory epithelial cells are well described in the response to bacteria and viruses, little is known about the response of these cells to fungal pathogens such as A. fumigatus and its spores, the conidia. It has been shown that surfactant found in the fluids lining the epithe ...
Genetic analysis of innate immunity in resistance to
... inocula ranging from 103 to 108 yeasts having been tested.30 The LD50 for most C. albicans isolates tested in immunocompetent mice is between 104 and 106 yeasts. Both the strain of C. albicans and the growth conditions used have been shown to influence overall lethality during infection.32 The three ...
... inocula ranging from 103 to 108 yeasts having been tested.30 The LD50 for most C. albicans isolates tested in immunocompetent mice is between 104 and 106 yeasts. Both the strain of C. albicans and the growth conditions used have been shown to influence overall lethality during infection.32 The three ...
University of Groningen Experimental studies on signal transduction
... Intracellular signal transduction pathways are intracellular mechanisms by which cells can react to extracellular stimuli such as stress and inflammatory cytokines. In short, intracellular signal transduction is the process by which a cell converts an extracellular signal into a response. A key role ...
... Intracellular signal transduction pathways are intracellular mechanisms by which cells can react to extracellular stimuli such as stress and inflammatory cytokines. In short, intracellular signal transduction is the process by which a cell converts an extracellular signal into a response. A key role ...
Detection of a potent humoral response associated with immune
... in vitro and have used different methods to determine the antigenic specificity of these cells. These approaches have been successful in determining the peptide specificity of several alloreactive T-cell clones, but only limited numbers of target antigens have been identified thus far (10, 11). Most ...
... in vitro and have used different methods to determine the antigenic specificity of these cells. These approaches have been successful in determining the peptide specificity of several alloreactive T-cell clones, but only limited numbers of target antigens have been identified thus far (10, 11). Most ...
Interactions Between the Lateral Hypothalamus and the
... series of experiments, animals were anesthetized with 400 mg/kg chloral hydrate and were maintained in deep anesthesia with additional intravenous injections of chloral hydrate. After cannulation of the femoral vein, animals were stationed in a stereotaxic instrument. The skull over the PAG, medulla ...
... series of experiments, animals were anesthetized with 400 mg/kg chloral hydrate and were maintained in deep anesthesia with additional intravenous injections of chloral hydrate. After cannulation of the femoral vein, animals were stationed in a stereotaxic instrument. The skull over the PAG, medulla ...
Virology: Research and Treatment
... in antibody production and seroconversion.15 Cynomolgus and squirrel monkeys were also inoculated with an HTLV-1-producing cell line. Specific antibodies against HTLV-1 were detected in the plasma, along with the recovery of transformed, infected cells from the peripheral blood up to 6 months posti ...
... in antibody production and seroconversion.15 Cynomolgus and squirrel monkeys were also inoculated with an HTLV-1-producing cell line. Specific antibodies against HTLV-1 were detected in the plasma, along with the recovery of transformed, infected cells from the peripheral blood up to 6 months posti ...
Cryptic T-Cell Epitopes and their Role in the
... studies, encompassing a wide variety of antigens, have shown that some epitopes are not presented for recognition by T lymphocytes unless they are produced in unusually large concentrations or unless they are freed from the con®guration of their native antigen. Epitopes for which this phenomenon occ ...
... studies, encompassing a wide variety of antigens, have shown that some epitopes are not presented for recognition by T lymphocytes unless they are produced in unusually large concentrations or unless they are freed from the con®guration of their native antigen. Epitopes for which this phenomenon occ ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... at the beginning of a session to produce a brief (2-5 s) pupillary dilation. The US was delivered to the subcutaneous tissue of the forepaw contralateral to the recording site via a pair of fine wire electrodes. Pupillary size was monitored by an infrared pupillometer (Cassady, Farley, Weinberger, & ...
... at the beginning of a session to produce a brief (2-5 s) pupillary dilation. The US was delivered to the subcutaneous tissue of the forepaw contralateral to the recording site via a pair of fine wire electrodes. Pupillary size was monitored by an infrared pupillometer (Cassady, Farley, Weinberger, & ...
Morphology of autoimmune hepatitis - pathologie
... Kupffer cell hyperplasia: The so-called Kupffer cells are part of the immune system of the liver and can be found wherever there is an immune reaction. In cases of autoimmune hepatitis they are very often present as hyperplastic cell proliferates. ...
... Kupffer cell hyperplasia: The so-called Kupffer cells are part of the immune system of the liver and can be found wherever there is an immune reaction. In cases of autoimmune hepatitis they are very often present as hyperplastic cell proliferates. ...
Wirth et al., 2009, Neuron
... described cells that responded to either reward delivery or lack of reward (O’Keefe, 1976; Ranck, 1973). Neurons that respond to reward delivery have also been reported in the monkey hippocampus (Watanabe and Niki, 1985) and entorhinal cortex (Sugase-Miyamoto and Richmond, 2007). Smith and Mizumori ...
... described cells that responded to either reward delivery or lack of reward (O’Keefe, 1976; Ranck, 1973). Neurons that respond to reward delivery have also been reported in the monkey hippocampus (Watanabe and Niki, 1985) and entorhinal cortex (Sugase-Miyamoto and Richmond, 2007). Smith and Mizumori ...
Non-infectious manifestations of Common Variable
... enteropathy in CVID, frequent or chronic infection was felt to underlie these inflammatory diseases. However, comparisons of the frequency of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in CVID and XLA patients revealed that while similar proportions of patients are affected by infectious pneumonia, CVID patien ...
... enteropathy in CVID, frequent or chronic infection was felt to underlie these inflammatory diseases. However, comparisons of the frequency of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in CVID and XLA patients revealed that while similar proportions of patients are affected by infectious pneumonia, CVID patien ...
The function of tumour necrosis factor and receptors in models of
... the classic pro-inflammatory scenario, failure to regulate the production of TNF at a site of immunological injury may lead to chronic activation of innate immune cells and to chronic inflammatory responses, which may consequently lead to organ specific inflammatory pathology and tissue damage. Howe ...
... the classic pro-inflammatory scenario, failure to regulate the production of TNF at a site of immunological injury may lead to chronic activation of innate immune cells and to chronic inflammatory responses, which may consequently lead to organ specific inflammatory pathology and tissue damage. Howe ...
Autophagy in herpesvirus immune control and immune escape Open Access
... Autophagy delivers cytoplasmic constituents for lysosomal degradation, and thereby facilitates pathogen degradation and pathogen fragment loading onto MHC molecules for antigen presentation to T cells. Herpesviruses have been used to demonstrate these novel functions of autophagy, which previously h ...
... Autophagy delivers cytoplasmic constituents for lysosomal degradation, and thereby facilitates pathogen degradation and pathogen fragment loading onto MHC molecules for antigen presentation to T cells. Herpesviruses have been used to demonstrate these novel functions of autophagy, which previously h ...
Chapter 13 Stress and Glucocorticoid Contributions to Normal and
... impaired. This phenomenon has been described across a wide variety of organisms, including humans [1, 2], primates [3], and rodents [4, 5]. One factor that may contribute to variable agerelated changes in brain function is individual differences in the stress system. These differences in the stress ...
... impaired. This phenomenon has been described across a wide variety of organisms, including humans [1, 2], primates [3], and rodents [4, 5]. One factor that may contribute to variable agerelated changes in brain function is individual differences in the stress system. These differences in the stress ...
Major histocompatability complex (MHC) and T cell receptors
... – transduces signal after Ag interaction with TCR ...
... – transduces signal after Ag interaction with TCR ...
this PDF file - Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi
... type) but the leprosy reactions became more severe and the patient's condition deteriorated. We performed multiple incision through subcutaneus and fascia to expose each compartmens of muscle and drainage to remove pus. Result: There were 2,500 cc of pus in the left femoral region and 200 cc in the ...
... type) but the leprosy reactions became more severe and the patient's condition deteriorated. We performed multiple incision through subcutaneus and fascia to expose each compartmens of muscle and drainage to remove pus. Result: There were 2,500 cc of pus in the left femoral region and 200 cc in the ...
Review. Glial cells in neuronal network function
... leading to a target cell-specific modulation of neuronal activity, because astrocytic GABA inhibits mitral and granule cells, whereas astrocytic glutamate excites granule cells (Kozlov et al. 2006). We still do not know whether different gliotransmitters are coreleased, released by different astrocy ...
... leading to a target cell-specific modulation of neuronal activity, because astrocytic GABA inhibits mitral and granule cells, whereas astrocytic glutamate excites granule cells (Kozlov et al. 2006). We still do not know whether different gliotransmitters are coreleased, released by different astrocy ...
Infection Salmonella PIR-B-Deficient Mice Are Susceptible to
... Paired Ig-like receptors of activating (PIR-A) and inhibitory (PIR-B) isoforms are expressed by many hematopoietic cells, including B lymphocytes and myeloid cells. To determine the functional roles of PIR-A and PIR-B in primary bacterial infection, PIR-B-deficient (PIR-Bⴚ/ⴚ) and wild-type (WT) cont ...
... Paired Ig-like receptors of activating (PIR-A) and inhibitory (PIR-B) isoforms are expressed by many hematopoietic cells, including B lymphocytes and myeloid cells. To determine the functional roles of PIR-A and PIR-B in primary bacterial infection, PIR-B-deficient (PIR-Bⴚ/ⴚ) and wild-type (WT) cont ...
UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA IMMUNE PROFILING OF OPERATIONAL TOLERANCE IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
... system results in increased risk of infections and malignancies, and also provokes substantial ...
... system results in increased risk of infections and malignancies, and also provokes substantial ...
Nephrology Case Presentation IgA Nephropathy
... IgA Nephropathy Pathogenesis IgA most abundant Ig in the body and provides mucosal defence Two subclasses: IgA1, IgA2 Mucosal Ag challenge provokes pIgA by plasma cells in MALT Bone marrow derived mIgA1 ...
... IgA Nephropathy Pathogenesis IgA most abundant Ig in the body and provides mucosal defence Two subclasses: IgA1, IgA2 Mucosal Ag challenge provokes pIgA by plasma cells in MALT Bone marrow derived mIgA1 ...
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also referred to as psychoendoneuroimmunology (PENI), is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. PNI takes an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating psychology, neuroscience, immunology, physiology, genetics, pharmacology, molecular biology, psychiatry, behavioral medicine, infectious diseases, endocrinology, and rheumatology.The main interests of PNI are the interactions between the nervous and immune systems and the relationships between mental processes and health. PNI studies, among other things, the physiological functioning of the neuroimmune system in health and disease; disorders of the neuroimmune system (autoimmune diseases; hypersensitivities; immune deficiency); and the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the neuroimmune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.