Minireview Shifty Ciliates: Frequent Programmed
... indicates, the euplotids may present particular advantages for generally understanding the molecular mechanism underlying ⫹1 programmed translational frameshifts. Further analyses of eRF1, as well as analysis of tRNALys, may provide clues as to whether changes in stop codon usage can lead to prolife ...
... indicates, the euplotids may present particular advantages for generally understanding the molecular mechanism underlying ⫹1 programmed translational frameshifts. Further analyses of eRF1, as well as analysis of tRNALys, may provide clues as to whether changes in stop codon usage can lead to prolife ...
Interactions of Virus Proteins Within the Host Cell
... bacteriophage ࢥX174. Here, the protein forms a tube during infection that delivers the DNA into the cytoplasm (Sun et al. 2013). One known exception for the bacteriophage entry mechanism is phage ࢥ6 (Cystoviridae family). Cystoviruses have two separate capsids as well as an outer membrane, and they ...
... bacteriophage ࢥX174. Here, the protein forms a tube during infection that delivers the DNA into the cytoplasm (Sun et al. 2013). One known exception for the bacteriophage entry mechanism is phage ࢥ6 (Cystoviridae family). Cystoviruses have two separate capsids as well as an outer membrane, and they ...
... important residues and helix-packing interactions (11). In general, the biochemical studies correctly identified mechanistically critical residues in the LacY ligand-binding site. However, an additional important observation from the structures of LacY, GlpT, and other membrane proteins is that tran ...
Evolution of hard proteins in the sauropsid integument in relation to
... layer of flat cells that are incorporated into a variably thick corneous layer (depending on the type of scales) (Fig. 1I). In archosaurians (crocodilians and birds), the process of shedding of epidermal layers is not specifically known. However, the presence of a scission layer in avian scales (Can ...
... layer of flat cells that are incorporated into a variably thick corneous layer (depending on the type of scales) (Fig. 1I). In archosaurians (crocodilians and birds), the process of shedding of epidermal layers is not specifically known. However, the presence of a scission layer in avian scales (Can ...
Leukaemia Section inv(3)(q21q26)x2 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... hematopoietic stem cells and can inhibit myeloid differentiation. Two alternative forms exists, one generated from EVI1, the other MECOM (MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus) through intergenic splicing with MDS1 (myelodysplasia syndrome 1), a gene located 140 kb upstream of EVI1. DNA/RNA EVI1 has 16 exons, ...
... hematopoietic stem cells and can inhibit myeloid differentiation. Two alternative forms exists, one generated from EVI1, the other MECOM (MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus) through intergenic splicing with MDS1 (myelodysplasia syndrome 1), a gene located 140 kb upstream of EVI1. DNA/RNA EVI1 has 16 exons, ...
The VirE3 protein of Agrobacterium mimics a host cell function
... Agrobacterium into the host cell (reviewed in Winans et al, 1994; Christie, 1997; Tzfira and Citovsky, 2000; Tzfira et al, 2000; Zupan et al, 2000). Agrobacterium infection has traditionally been viewed as a process of T-DNA transport (Zambryski, 1989). Increasing evidence indicates, however, that i ...
... Agrobacterium into the host cell (reviewed in Winans et al, 1994; Christie, 1997; Tzfira and Citovsky, 2000; Tzfira et al, 2000; Zupan et al, 2000). Agrobacterium infection has traditionally been viewed as a process of T-DNA transport (Zambryski, 1989). Increasing evidence indicates, however, that i ...
2_5 Slides
... bonds and interactions are relatively weak and they can be disrupted or broken. This results in a change to the conformation of the protein, which is called denaturation. ...
... bonds and interactions are relatively weak and they can be disrupted or broken. This results in a change to the conformation of the protein, which is called denaturation. ...
Solid Tumour Section Soft Tissue Tumors: Liposarcoma: Myxoid liposarcoma
... transgenic mice expressing the altered form of DDIT3FUS (created by the in frame fusion of the FUS domain to the carboxy end of DDIT3) developed liposarcomas. The characteristics of the liposarcomas arising in the DDIT3-FUS mice were very similar to those previously observed in the FUS-DDIT3 transge ...
... transgenic mice expressing the altered form of DDIT3FUS (created by the in frame fusion of the FUS domain to the carboxy end of DDIT3) developed liposarcomas. The characteristics of the liposarcomas arising in the DDIT3-FUS mice were very similar to those previously observed in the FUS-DDIT3 transge ...
The DsbA Signal Sequence Directs Efficient
... inhibition of SecA. These results suggest that SecA may be essential for both the slow posttranslational pathway and the SRP-dependent cotranslational pathway. Finally, probably because of its rapid folding in the cytoplasm, thioredoxin provides, along with gene fusion approaches, a sensitive assay ...
... inhibition of SecA. These results suggest that SecA may be essential for both the slow posttranslational pathway and the SRP-dependent cotranslational pathway. Finally, probably because of its rapid folding in the cytoplasm, thioredoxin provides, along with gene fusion approaches, a sensitive assay ...
PDF + SI - Journal of Cell Science
... Fig. 1. Distribution of retromer components across eukaryotic lineages. Most retromer components are conserved across eukaryotes, except Vps17, which is restricted to opisthokonts. Vps5 and Vps10 are frequently lost. The factors are named using S. cerevisiae nomenclature. Large taxon groupings are c ...
... Fig. 1. Distribution of retromer components across eukaryotic lineages. Most retromer components are conserved across eukaryotes, except Vps17, which is restricted to opisthokonts. Vps5 and Vps10 are frequently lost. The factors are named using S. cerevisiae nomenclature. Large taxon groupings are c ...
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Special Issue
... Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide of glycine, cysteine, and glutamate, is a major cellular antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals and reactive oxygen species, detoxifies reactive electrophile products of lipid peroxidation, and maintains the thiol status of proteins. When GSH reacts with oxidants, ...
... Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide of glycine, cysteine, and glutamate, is a major cellular antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals and reactive oxygen species, detoxifies reactive electrophile products of lipid peroxidation, and maintains the thiol status of proteins. When GSH reacts with oxidants, ...
The unfolded protein response: an intracellular
... (UPRE), that directs their transcription upon induction of the pathway4. The existence of this common element suggested early on that the pathway is controlled by a common transcription factor whose activity is regulated by the conditions in the ER lumen. Although the UPR exists in all eukaryotic ce ...
... (UPRE), that directs their transcription upon induction of the pathway4. The existence of this common element suggested early on that the pathway is controlled by a common transcription factor whose activity is regulated by the conditions in the ER lumen. Although the UPR exists in all eukaryotic ce ...
The Proteomics Big Challenge for Biomarkers and New Drug
... 2. Applying Functional Proteomics to Biomarkers and Drug-Targets Discovery The metabolism of a cell or of an entire organism is generally regulated by proteins, which act individually and, more frequently, in pathways. In particular, the function of a protein can be defined on the basis of its inter ...
... 2. Applying Functional Proteomics to Biomarkers and Drug-Targets Discovery The metabolism of a cell or of an entire organism is generally regulated by proteins, which act individually and, more frequently, in pathways. In particular, the function of a protein can be defined on the basis of its inter ...
Stress puts TIA on TOP
... stress remains elusive. Other data suggest that specific 59TOP mRNAs are regulated in a tissue- and cell typespecific manner. For example, eEF2 mRNA confers growthdependent regulation in cells of hematopoietic, but not in cells of nonhematopoietic, origins, while translation of b1-tubulin mRNA, whic ...
... stress remains elusive. Other data suggest that specific 59TOP mRNAs are regulated in a tissue- and cell typespecific manner. For example, eEF2 mRNA confers growthdependent regulation in cells of hematopoietic, but not in cells of nonhematopoietic, origins, while translation of b1-tubulin mRNA, whic ...
Protein expression by a Beijing strain differs from that of another
... Quantification of ICD in culture supernatants showed no significant difference in the extent of autolysis in the three strains (data not shown). The protein expression profiles were highly similar between the strains, enabling visual comparison. Spot differences consistent between quadruplicate gels ...
... Quantification of ICD in culture supernatants showed no significant difference in the extent of autolysis in the three strains (data not shown). The protein expression profiles were highly similar between the strains, enabling visual comparison. Spot differences consistent between quadruplicate gels ...
Gel-based proteomics • Electrophoresis • One dimensional
... • Gold standard due to its ability to provide information on protein structure and properties • Powerful technique for finer protein separation and visualization of separated proteins IIT Bombay ...
... • Gold standard due to its ability to provide information on protein structure and properties • Powerful technique for finer protein separation and visualization of separated proteins IIT Bombay ...
Involvement of the glycine-rich RNA
... and the overexpressing line concluding the fact that the GRP2 protein is involved in seed germination under salt and drought stress conditions but not in the seedling development (Kim et al., 2007). However, these results were in contrast to ours, which showed an increase germination rate of the grp ...
... and the overexpressing line concluding the fact that the GRP2 protein is involved in seed germination under salt and drought stress conditions but not in the seedling development (Kim et al., 2007). However, these results were in contrast to ours, which showed an increase germination rate of the grp ...
12864_2008_1659_MOESM3_ESM
... branching of New World monkeys, which was followed by the integration of a MER9 LTR element into the C-terminus encoding part of what corresponds to the ORF of the parent gene. A segmental duplication prior to the branching of apes then yielded a second copy. Thereafter, one of the copies was interr ...
... branching of New World monkeys, which was followed by the integration of a MER9 LTR element into the C-terminus encoding part of what corresponds to the ORF of the parent gene. A segmental duplication prior to the branching of apes then yielded a second copy. Thereafter, one of the copies was interr ...
Overview for Electrophoresis and Western Blotting
... insignificant compared to the negative charges provided by the bound detergent so that the SDS-polypeptide complexes have essentially the same negative charge and shape and migrate through the gel strictly according to polypeptide size. The simplicity and speed of this method, plus the fact that onl ...
... insignificant compared to the negative charges provided by the bound detergent so that the SDS-polypeptide complexes have essentially the same negative charge and shape and migrate through the gel strictly according to polypeptide size. The simplicity and speed of this method, plus the fact that onl ...
Information Content in Genetics:
... In prokaryotes DNA replication, DNA transcription into RNA and translation of mRNA into proteins by ribosomes all occur in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes DNA replication, DNA transcription into RNA, and RNA processing all occur in the nucleus and protein synthesis on ribosomes occurs in the cytoplasm. ...
... In prokaryotes DNA replication, DNA transcription into RNA and translation of mRNA into proteins by ribosomes all occur in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes DNA replication, DNA transcription into RNA, and RNA processing all occur in the nucleus and protein synthesis on ribosomes occurs in the cytoplasm. ...
Engineered tRNA suppression of a CFTR nonsense mutation
... mutation at the site of the original PTC (Roy, Friesen et al. 2016). Therefore, when therapeutically assisted PTC stop codon read-through is successful, the non-selective incorporation of an amino acid at the location of the nonsense codon has the potential to affect protein folding, trafficking and ...
... mutation at the site of the original PTC (Roy, Friesen et al. 2016). Therefore, when therapeutically assisted PTC stop codon read-through is successful, the non-selective incorporation of an amino acid at the location of the nonsense codon has the potential to affect protein folding, trafficking and ...
α-Hemolysin pore formation into a supported
... the concurrent cell-free expression and insertion of membrane proteins into phospholipid bilayers. The poreforming protein α-hemolysin, fused to the reporter protein eGFP, was used as a model of membrane protein. Cell-free expression of the toxin in solution and inside large synthetic phospholipid v ...
... the concurrent cell-free expression and insertion of membrane proteins into phospholipid bilayers. The poreforming protein α-hemolysin, fused to the reporter protein eGFP, was used as a model of membrane protein. Cell-free expression of the toxin in solution and inside large synthetic phospholipid v ...
repressor
... environmental change by regulating transcription • Natural selection has favored bacteria that produce only the products needed by that cell • A cell can regulate the production of enzymes by feedback inhibition or by gene regulation • Gene expression in bacteria is controlled by the operon model ...
... environmental change by regulating transcription • Natural selection has favored bacteria that produce only the products needed by that cell • A cell can regulate the production of enzymes by feedback inhibition or by gene regulation • Gene expression in bacteria is controlled by the operon model ...
Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE)
... placement point mutations of each of the Thr residues (Thr-317, -319, -328, -329, and -322) in DGFc334 (Fig. S1B). Surprisingly, none of the single point mutations resulted in a dramatic change in LARGE-dependent glycosylation, although T317A and T319A each showed a slight reduction of both IIH6 rea ...
... placement point mutations of each of the Thr residues (Thr-317, -319, -328, -329, and -322) in DGFc334 (Fig. S1B). Surprisingly, none of the single point mutations resulted in a dramatic change in LARGE-dependent glycosylation, although T317A and T319A each showed a slight reduction of both IIH6 rea ...
Expt. 2 Bioinformatics
... Computers, the Web and Bioinformatics The computer is a critical tool in laboratory research, particularly in biochemistry. All major pieces of scientific equipment in research laboratories are connected to a computer to enable data collection, particularly over extended periods of time. Not only is ...
... Computers, the Web and Bioinformatics The computer is a critical tool in laboratory research, particularly in biochemistry. All major pieces of scientific equipment in research laboratories are connected to a computer to enable data collection, particularly over extended periods of time. Not only is ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.