Hypothesis review: are clathrin-mediated endocytosis and clathrin
... genetic and environmental risk factors have provided clues, they have not identified the precise cellular processes that are responsible for the development of the disorder. What emerges is a somewhat complex picture of a polygenic basis to schizophrenia, which is strongly modulated by environmental ...
... genetic and environmental risk factors have provided clues, they have not identified the precise cellular processes that are responsible for the development of the disorder. What emerges is a somewhat complex picture of a polygenic basis to schizophrenia, which is strongly modulated by environmental ...
Construction of a pBAD24 Vector Containing σ32 : Restoration of
... knockout mutant E. coli K165 exhibits inhibited growth at 37°C, a normal growth temperature for wild type E. coli. This suggests that σ32, the transcription factor encoded by rpoH, is responsible for the downstream activation of various heat shock response genes that allow normal cellular function a ...
... knockout mutant E. coli K165 exhibits inhibited growth at 37°C, a normal growth temperature for wild type E. coli. This suggests that σ32, the transcription factor encoded by rpoH, is responsible for the downstream activation of various heat shock response genes that allow normal cellular function a ...
Structure and Function of Plant Cell Wall Proteins
... Plant cell walls are amazingly complex amalgams of carbohydrates, proteins, lignin, water, and incrusting substances such as cutin, suberin, and certain inorganic compounds that vary among plant species, cell types, and even neighboring cells. Developmental events and exposure to any of a number of ...
... Plant cell walls are amazingly complex amalgams of carbohydrates, proteins, lignin, water, and incrusting substances such as cutin, suberin, and certain inorganic compounds that vary among plant species, cell types, and even neighboring cells. Developmental events and exposure to any of a number of ...
Title Scaffold proteins in mammalian MAP kinase
... disrupting the MAPK scaffolding complexes would result in the rapid disassembly of functional MAPK modules, it is possible that scaffold proteins regulate the termination of MAPK signaling by modulating their own stability. It is largely unknown what the physiologically relevant extracellular stimul ...
... disrupting the MAPK scaffolding complexes would result in the rapid disassembly of functional MAPK modules, it is possible that scaffold proteins regulate the termination of MAPK signaling by modulating their own stability. It is largely unknown what the physiologically relevant extracellular stimul ...
A Rab4-like GTPase in Dictyostelium discoideum
... necessary to ensure the biogenesis and functional maintenance of endomembrane organelles. Biochemical and genetic studies have identified a large number of proteins that participate in and direct such membrane flow (Rothman and Orci, 1992; Pryer et al., 1992). Discrete stages in this process include ...
... necessary to ensure the biogenesis and functional maintenance of endomembrane organelles. Biochemical and genetic studies have identified a large number of proteins that participate in and direct such membrane flow (Rothman and Orci, 1992; Pryer et al., 1992). Discrete stages in this process include ...
"Adaptive Evolution of Primate Sperm Proteins".
... and Swanson, 2006; Hamm et al., 2007). The PKDREJ protein belongs to a family responsible for interactions with extracellular matrix; one member of this family, suREJ, triggers the acrosome reaction in sea urchin sperm. The PKDREJ sites under positive selection in primates are in the extracellular r ...
... and Swanson, 2006; Hamm et al., 2007). The PKDREJ protein belongs to a family responsible for interactions with extracellular matrix; one member of this family, suREJ, triggers the acrosome reaction in sea urchin sperm. The PKDREJ sites under positive selection in primates are in the extracellular r ...
disease mechanisms in inherited neuropathies
... instances, HNPP is caused by mutations in PMP22 itself, presumably resulting from loss-of-function alleles. Episodic mononeuropathies at typical sites of nerve compression, with recovery within days to months, are the hallmark of HNPP8. Biopsies of unpalsied nerves show focal thickenings (tomacula) ...
... instances, HNPP is caused by mutations in PMP22 itself, presumably resulting from loss-of-function alleles. Episodic mononeuropathies at typical sites of nerve compression, with recovery within days to months, are the hallmark of HNPP8. Biopsies of unpalsied nerves show focal thickenings (tomacula) ...
Transcriptomics of In Vitro Immune-Stimulated Hemocytes
... permeability and the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1b) [28]. Apolipoprotein D (apoD) has been associated with inflammation. Pathological and stressful situations involving inflammation or growth arrest have the capacity to increase its e ...
... permeability and the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1b) [28]. Apolipoprotein D (apoD) has been associated with inflammation. Pathological and stressful situations involving inflammation or growth arrest have the capacity to increase its e ...
Chlamydomonas IFT 88 and Its Mouse Homologue, Polycystic
... (V79) was identified that had an insertion in the IFT88 gene (Fig. 2 a). The fact that the single hybridizing band in wild-type cells was split into two bands in the mutant indicated that the selectable marker integrated into the gene within the region covered by the probe and did not result in a la ...
... (V79) was identified that had an insertion in the IFT88 gene (Fig. 2 a). The fact that the single hybridizing band in wild-type cells was split into two bands in the mutant indicated that the selectable marker integrated into the gene within the region covered by the probe and did not result in a la ...
PowerPoint Format - Kinexus Bioinformatics Corporation
... Open access human phosphorylation site database >177,000 confirmed and 790,000 additional predicted phosphorylation sites in >21,000 human proteins Functional information for ~1% of the phosphosites Evolutionary analyses of each known and predicted phosphosite in 20 other species Kinase spec ...
... Open access human phosphorylation site database >177,000 confirmed and 790,000 additional predicted phosphorylation sites in >21,000 human proteins Functional information for ~1% of the phosphosites Evolutionary analyses of each known and predicted phosphosite in 20 other species Kinase spec ...
The perichromatin region of the plant cell nucleus is the area with
... Splicing is the process that is responsible for the removal of intron sequences from pre-mRNA and requires U1, U2, and U4/U5/U6 snRNPs (Krämer 1996), as well as SR proteins (Birney et al. 1993). This process is a fundamental molecular event that is regulated at several stages of gene expression in ...
... Splicing is the process that is responsible for the removal of intron sequences from pre-mRNA and requires U1, U2, and U4/U5/U6 snRNPs (Krämer 1996), as well as SR proteins (Birney et al. 1993). This process is a fundamental molecular event that is regulated at several stages of gene expression in ...
Coat Protein of the Ectocarpus siliculosus Virus
... may be a realistic possibility (Kräussl-ich and Wimmer, 1988). In fact, we could identify in the aminoterminal part of the predicted gpl sequence a signal sequence cleavage site, characteristic for proteins which are processed during the passage of membranes (Fig. 4) (Heijne, 1986). However, further ...
... may be a realistic possibility (Kräussl-ich and Wimmer, 1988). In fact, we could identify in the aminoterminal part of the predicted gpl sequence a signal sequence cleavage site, characteristic for proteins which are processed during the passage of membranes (Fig. 4) (Heijne, 1986). However, further ...
pathways_tutorial
... and visualized. •Gramene has incorporated the latest TIGR 4 genome into this release to create an Oryza sativa specific pathway dataset. •Data is under development and subject to change. If you do see any errors in the dataset please feel free to contact us through the feedback provided at the top o ...
... and visualized. •Gramene has incorporated the latest TIGR 4 genome into this release to create an Oryza sativa specific pathway dataset. •Data is under development and subject to change. If you do see any errors in the dataset please feel free to contact us through the feedback provided at the top o ...
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY
... 1 of tau. Using in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA), we also showed the presence of endogenous tau-SHP2 and tau-activated SHP2 complexes in neuronal cells. The number of complexes was increased in the cells in response to NGF. Our PLA data also showed the localization of these complexes to actin ...
... 1 of tau. Using in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA), we also showed the presence of endogenous tau-SHP2 and tau-activated SHP2 complexes in neuronal cells. The number of complexes was increased in the cells in response to NGF. Our PLA data also showed the localization of these complexes to actin ...
Using Transcriptional Control To Increase Titers of Secreted
... acterial heterologous protein production is a bedrock of modern molecular biology. A gene that codes for a protein of interest can be inserted into a bacterial cell, often Escherichia coli, and the cell is able to produce the desired protein. Bacteria are the preferred organisms for many heterologou ...
... acterial heterologous protein production is a bedrock of modern molecular biology. A gene that codes for a protein of interest can be inserted into a bacterial cell, often Escherichia coli, and the cell is able to produce the desired protein. Bacteria are the preferred organisms for many heterologou ...
Identification and comparative analysis of accessory gland
... (Herndon and Wolfner 1995). They may even alter the fertilization probabilities of competing sperm from males mated to the same female (Clark et al. 1995). As a result, evolutionary changes in these secretions, which may be driven by sexual selection and sexual conflict, can have important implicati ...
... (Herndon and Wolfner 1995). They may even alter the fertilization probabilities of competing sperm from males mated to the same female (Clark et al. 1995). As a result, evolutionary changes in these secretions, which may be driven by sexual selection and sexual conflict, can have important implicati ...
Genes & Inheritance Series: Set 3 Copyright © 2005 Version: 2.0
... attraction points that draw the substrate to the surface of the enzyme ...
... attraction points that draw the substrate to the surface of the enzyme ...
AKAP MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION Jennifer J. Carlisle
... myocardium with fibrofatty tissue, and it is considered to be a significant cause of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death in adolescents and young adults (60). ARVD has been linked to mutations at one of several genetic loci (59). One locus found on chromosome 14q between markers D14S62 and D14S6 ...
... myocardium with fibrofatty tissue, and it is considered to be a significant cause of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death in adolescents and young adults (60). ARVD has been linked to mutations at one of several genetic loci (59). One locus found on chromosome 14q between markers D14S62 and D14S6 ...
The genetics of cystic fibrosis
... CFTR gene gives rise to a very variable phenotype (clinical picture) that may not be predictable from the individual’s genotype (gene mutation). It is believed that environmental factors and the influence of other modulator genes affect the ability of the CFTR genes to express their full disease pot ...
... CFTR gene gives rise to a very variable phenotype (clinical picture) that may not be predictable from the individual’s genotype (gene mutation). It is believed that environmental factors and the influence of other modulator genes affect the ability of the CFTR genes to express their full disease pot ...
Plant responses to environmental stress
... demonstrated that TCH3 is capable of binding Ca2+ (Sistrunk et al. 1994). The amino acid sequence of TCH3 is signi®cantly dierent from that of CaM, indicating that if TCH3 functions by modulating target protein activities, these targets would likely be distinct from those of CaM. It is possible tha ...
... demonstrated that TCH3 is capable of binding Ca2+ (Sistrunk et al. 1994). The amino acid sequence of TCH3 is signi®cantly dierent from that of CaM, indicating that if TCH3 functions by modulating target protein activities, these targets would likely be distinct from those of CaM. It is possible tha ...
Anopheles gambiae APL1 Is a Family of Variable LRR Proteins
... of the 3 genes has a short 59 exon followed by a small intron and a longer second exon, and each has a block of LRR motifs flanked by an N-terminal signal peptide and C-terminal coiled coil domains (Figure 1B). The three individual APL1 genes display sequence similarity that likely results from gene ...
... of the 3 genes has a short 59 exon followed by a small intron and a longer second exon, and each has a block of LRR motifs flanked by an N-terminal signal peptide and C-terminal coiled coil domains (Figure 1B). The three individual APL1 genes display sequence similarity that likely results from gene ...
Chaperone Competent Cell BL21
... E.coli is commonly used as a host for protein expression, as it provides the simplest system to use and wide choice in expression systems. However, expression of foreign proteins in E.coli often results in various problems with the expressed proteins such as formation of inclusion bodies and degrada ...
... E.coli is commonly used as a host for protein expression, as it provides the simplest system to use and wide choice in expression systems. However, expression of foreign proteins in E.coli often results in various problems with the expressed proteins such as formation of inclusion bodies and degrada ...
Vesicle formation and targeting is a multi
... • Fibroblasts of patients contain large inclusions (I-cells)… • Lysosomes lack normal complement of acid hydrolases… • All lysosomal enzymes secreted (secretion is the “default” fate for proteins in the ER-Golgi pathway)… • Lysosomal enzymes of “wild-type” (normal) cells are modified by phosphorylat ...
... • Fibroblasts of patients contain large inclusions (I-cells)… • Lysosomes lack normal complement of acid hydrolases… • All lysosomal enzymes secreted (secretion is the “default” fate for proteins in the ER-Golgi pathway)… • Lysosomal enzymes of “wild-type” (normal) cells are modified by phosphorylat ...
Production of Polyclonal Antibodies against Sucrose Transporter
... detection could be done with several methods, such as double diffusion [7], Western blot and immunohistochemistry [8] using specific antibodies. Direct isolation and purification of SUT1 protein from plants was difficult because the amount of SUT1 protein in plants was very low and it was located in ...
... detection could be done with several methods, such as double diffusion [7], Western blot and immunohistochemistry [8] using specific antibodies. Direct isolation and purification of SUT1 protein from plants was difficult because the amount of SUT1 protein in plants was very low and it was located in ...
Minireview Shifty Ciliates: Frequent Programmed
... indicates, the euplotids may present particular advantages for generally understanding the molecular mechanism underlying ⫹1 programmed translational frameshifts. Further analyses of eRF1, as well as analysis of tRNALys, may provide clues as to whether changes in stop codon usage can lead to prolife ...
... indicates, the euplotids may present particular advantages for generally understanding the molecular mechanism underlying ⫹1 programmed translational frameshifts. Further analyses of eRF1, as well as analysis of tRNALys, may provide clues as to whether changes in stop codon usage can lead to prolife ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.