Ontology Alignment
... – Synthesis of gene products (RNA and proteins) – Two steps: transcription and translation – Transcription: Gene RNA (mediated by transcription factor proteins (TF) that regulate (up / down) the synthesis of RNA by a polymerase enzyme) – Translation: RNA protein ...
... – Synthesis of gene products (RNA and proteins) – Two steps: transcription and translation – Transcription: Gene RNA (mediated by transcription factor proteins (TF) that regulate (up / down) the synthesis of RNA by a polymerase enzyme) – Translation: RNA protein ...
Clean, Burn and Shape
... Green Coffee Extract has been popularized by media coverage. When this happens, many companies move quickly to cash in on the new trend … some move much too quickly, and some, in their desire to have the most competitive price on the web, seriously compromise quality. To achieve the great effects on ...
... Green Coffee Extract has been popularized by media coverage. When this happens, many companies move quickly to cash in on the new trend … some move much too quickly, and some, in their desire to have the most competitive price on the web, seriously compromise quality. To achieve the great effects on ...
PERG Survey (2007) Bottlenecks in Protein Expression The goal of
... 5. What systems do people use and what are the success rates? 6. Utility and benefits of large-scale mammalian cell culture 7. Final buffer configurations to minimize aggregation 8. Purification conditions 9. How do people handle protein solubility problems? ...
... 5. What systems do people use and what are the success rates? 6. Utility and benefits of large-scale mammalian cell culture 7. Final buffer configurations to minimize aggregation 8. Purification conditions 9. How do people handle protein solubility problems? ...
Troponin-I Mouse Skeletal Muscle
... with cTnI detectable in the blood for up to 5 days and cTnT for 7-10 days following MI. This allows an MI to be detected if the patient presents late. Troponin T and I are very sensitive. There is always a low level release of CK and CK-MB from skeletal muscle at a low level all the time so there is ...
... with cTnI detectable in the blood for up to 5 days and cTnT for 7-10 days following MI. This allows an MI to be detected if the patient presents late. Troponin T and I are very sensitive. There is always a low level release of CK and CK-MB from skeletal muscle at a low level all the time so there is ...
Discovering Pheromones of the Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis
... Drosophila and Anopheles. Because of the high sequence diversity of the encapsulins, it is not possible to isolate orthologs from ants using these dipteran sequences to design PCR primers. Instead, it is necessary to isolate the proteins from the ant antenna to obtain an amino terminal amino acid se ...
... Drosophila and Anopheles. Because of the high sequence diversity of the encapsulins, it is not possible to isolate orthologs from ants using these dipteran sequences to design PCR primers. Instead, it is necessary to isolate the proteins from the ant antenna to obtain an amino terminal amino acid se ...
Genes: Definition and Structure
... ribosomes, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and a variety of protein enzymes and ‘factors’ – uses the mRNA template to direct the synthesis of a protein, a process called translation. The DNA of the chromosome contains many genes lined up one after another, but mRNAs generally contain the message for only one ...
... ribosomes, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and a variety of protein enzymes and ‘factors’ – uses the mRNA template to direct the synthesis of a protein, a process called translation. The DNA of the chromosome contains many genes lined up one after another, but mRNAs generally contain the message for only one ...
Proteins
... states, but at the same time they are encoded in their amino acid sequences in a highly redundant way. Under physiological conditions, the free energy stabilizing the native fold, DG(H2O), is usually in the range of 5-15 kcal mol-1 for a protein domain of 100-200 amino acid residues.1,2 This is equi ...
... states, but at the same time they are encoded in their amino acid sequences in a highly redundant way. Under physiological conditions, the free energy stabilizing the native fold, DG(H2O), is usually in the range of 5-15 kcal mol-1 for a protein domain of 100-200 amino acid residues.1,2 This is equi ...
Interaction of a Nuclear Protein with 5` Flanking Region of
... regions showed DNNprotein complex formation based on gel retardation assays. Competition experiments suggested that the two sequences interacted with the same protein but with different affinities. Gel retardation assays with various DNA fragments and chemical footprinting analyses delimited the min ...
... regions showed DNNprotein complex formation based on gel retardation assays. Competition experiments suggested that the two sequences interacted with the same protein but with different affinities. Gel retardation assays with various DNA fragments and chemical footprinting analyses delimited the min ...
Protein Quality Control Mechanisms and Protein
... a proportion of BiP, which can be released by ATP in vitro treatment, indicating that BiP is not trapped but is acting as a chaperone (heat shock-70 chaperones are ATPases and use ATP hydrolysis to perform their function). Zeolin protein bodies are insoluble and can be solubilized and disassembled b ...
... a proportion of BiP, which can be released by ATP in vitro treatment, indicating that BiP is not trapped but is acting as a chaperone (heat shock-70 chaperones are ATPases and use ATP hydrolysis to perform their function). Zeolin protein bodies are insoluble and can be solubilized and disassembled b ...
Section 1 Workbook
... Increases enzyme activity until all the active sites of enzymes are full and then the saturation point is reached = maximum rate reached for reaction. enzyme concentration: Increases enzyme activity as long ...
... Increases enzyme activity until all the active sites of enzymes are full and then the saturation point is reached = maximum rate reached for reaction. enzyme concentration: Increases enzyme activity as long ...
Full Text
... Predicting the function of a molecule from its structure has long been the domain of biophysicists, whereas predicting phenotype from biochemical functions has been the domain of biochemists and geneticists. These two steps in the flow of genetic information (i.e., predicting biochemical function an ...
... Predicting the function of a molecule from its structure has long been the domain of biophysicists, whereas predicting phenotype from biochemical functions has been the domain of biochemists and geneticists. These two steps in the flow of genetic information (i.e., predicting biochemical function an ...
From RNA to protein
... • Mutations are changes in sequence from wild type • Can affect transcription, translation, and phenotype An insertion/deletion event can produce a frameshift Premature stop codon in frame, as in the rice example ...
... • Mutations are changes in sequence from wild type • Can affect transcription, translation, and phenotype An insertion/deletion event can produce a frameshift Premature stop codon in frame, as in the rice example ...
bio-of-cells-essay-2 156 kb bio-of-cells-essay
... Generally smaller non-polar hydrophobic molecules with high lipid solubility are able to diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer passively without aid from transport proteins, as long as a concentration gradient is present. For other molecules, including those that are hydrophilic, charged, large o ...
... Generally smaller non-polar hydrophobic molecules with high lipid solubility are able to diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer passively without aid from transport proteins, as long as a concentration gradient is present. For other molecules, including those that are hydrophilic, charged, large o ...
Fish Evolution LabAnswers
... heat to extract and denature (disrupt) the proteins in several fish muscle samples. The detergent, SDS, coats dissolved proteins and polypeptides with negative charges. The SDS coated proteins then all move toward the positive electrode, but at different rates depending on their sizes. ...
... heat to extract and denature (disrupt) the proteins in several fish muscle samples. The detergent, SDS, coats dissolved proteins and polypeptides with negative charges. The SDS coated proteins then all move toward the positive electrode, but at different rates depending on their sizes. ...
Juxtaposition of particular amino acid residues may contribute to the
... To act as an effective free radical sink, a molecular species would need to be able to accommodate delocalized unpaired electrons without undergoing such molecular rearrangements as would immediately lead to degradation of the species, and then, perhaps by steric hindrance o r electrostatic repulsio ...
... To act as an effective free radical sink, a molecular species would need to be able to accommodate delocalized unpaired electrons without undergoing such molecular rearrangements as would immediately lead to degradation of the species, and then, perhaps by steric hindrance o r electrostatic repulsio ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, and Lysosomes
... unfinished proteins — to dock with ER proteins before finishing their work. Translation then recommences after the signal sequence docks with the ER, and it takes place within the ER membrane. Thus, by the time the protein achieves its final form, it is already inserted into a membrane (Figure 1). T ...
... unfinished proteins — to dock with ER proteins before finishing their work. Translation then recommences after the signal sequence docks with the ER, and it takes place within the ER membrane. Thus, by the time the protein achieves its final form, it is already inserted into a membrane (Figure 1). T ...
Low Circulating Amino Acids and Protein Quality: An
... amino acids represent a response to entirely different biological processes such as presence of infection (Laurichesse et al., 1998) or a metabolic adjustment to preserve nutrients critical for maintaining lean body mass during periods of low intake of quality protein? What is clear from the novel a ...
... amino acids represent a response to entirely different biological processes such as presence of infection (Laurichesse et al., 1998) or a metabolic adjustment to preserve nutrients critical for maintaining lean body mass during periods of low intake of quality protein? What is clear from the novel a ...
Structures of GRP94-Nucleotide Complexes Reveal Mechanistic
... alignment of the catalytic residues. Prompted by this structural insight, we carried out a series of careful biochemical measurements that showed that in fact GRP94 had a very weak but reproducible ATPase activity. These experiments suggested that the transition from the “twisted V” conformation to ...
... alignment of the catalytic residues. Prompted by this structural insight, we carried out a series of careful biochemical measurements that showed that in fact GRP94 had a very weak but reproducible ATPase activity. These experiments suggested that the transition from the “twisted V” conformation to ...
Identification of NaHCO3 Stress Responsive Proteins in Dunaliella
... Data acquisition was performed with a Triple TOF 5600 System (AB SCIEX, Concord, ON) fitted with a Nanospray III source (AB SCIEX, Concord, ON) and a pulled quartz tip as the emitter (New Objectives, Woburn, MA). Data was acquired using 2.5 kV ion spray voltage, curtain gas of 30 psi, nebulizer gas ...
... Data acquisition was performed with a Triple TOF 5600 System (AB SCIEX, Concord, ON) fitted with a Nanospray III source (AB SCIEX, Concord, ON) and a pulled quartz tip as the emitter (New Objectives, Woburn, MA). Data was acquired using 2.5 kV ion spray voltage, curtain gas of 30 psi, nebulizer gas ...
Protein Misfolding Can Have Deadly Consequences
... composed of protein in a misfolded form. This is in contrast to all other known infectious agents, which must contain nucleic acids (either DNA, RNA, or both) along with protein components. Unlike viruses, the prion that infectious agent responsible for CJD lacked nucleic acid and instead was comp ...
... composed of protein in a misfolded form. This is in contrast to all other known infectious agents, which must contain nucleic acids (either DNA, RNA, or both) along with protein components. Unlike viruses, the prion that infectious agent responsible for CJD lacked nucleic acid and instead was comp ...
Gene Section FLI1 (Friend leukemia virus integration 1) in Oncology and Haematology
... synthesized by alternative translation initiation sites, as mentioned above. Loss of function studies have provided evidence to suggest that both the p51 and p48 isoforms retain the same functional domains and activity (Melet et al., 1996). The functional domains located within the Fli-1 protein inc ...
... synthesized by alternative translation initiation sites, as mentioned above. Loss of function studies have provided evidence to suggest that both the p51 and p48 isoforms retain the same functional domains and activity (Melet et al., 1996). The functional domains located within the Fli-1 protein inc ...
GPS-Lipid Manual - CSS-Palm
... type II (GGTase-II) which recognized a C-terminal CC/CXC motif is found to catalyze the geranylgeranylation process (10,14). In addition to the above complex mechanism, prenylation also tightly controls the signaling activities in cell by modifying small GPTase Ras (15,16), Rho (17,18) and Rab (18,1 ...
... type II (GGTase-II) which recognized a C-terminal CC/CXC motif is found to catalyze the geranylgeranylation process (10,14). In addition to the above complex mechanism, prenylation also tightly controls the signaling activities in cell by modifying small GPTase Ras (15,16), Rho (17,18) and Rab (18,1 ...
Biology and computers
... Note: it is possible that two proteins share a high degree of similarity but have two different functions. For example, human gamma-crystallin is a lens protein that has no known enzymatic activity. It shares a high percentage of identity with E. coli quinone oxidoreductase. These proteins likely ha ...
... Note: it is possible that two proteins share a high degree of similarity but have two different functions. For example, human gamma-crystallin is a lens protein that has no known enzymatic activity. It shares a high percentage of identity with E. coli quinone oxidoreductase. These proteins likely ha ...
EXPRESSION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN ANTI-THROMBIN IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE Original Article
... Urokinase, Streptokinase, Tenecteplase and Reteplase have become most popular in recent times. Although these are in use for the patients who suffer from acute myocardial infarction and stroke, some alternative thrombolytics are still in research phase [9]. In case of booster doses of clot-busting d ...
... Urokinase, Streptokinase, Tenecteplase and Reteplase have become most popular in recent times. Although these are in use for the patients who suffer from acute myocardial infarction and stroke, some alternative thrombolytics are still in research phase [9]. In case of booster doses of clot-busting d ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.