English - iGEM 2016
... What do you expect that would happen during the transformation if the ligation has not been successful? These bacteria do not contain the right antibiotic resistence. The bacteria will not grow on the plate. ...
... What do you expect that would happen during the transformation if the ligation has not been successful? These bacteria do not contain the right antibiotic resistence. The bacteria will not grow on the plate. ...
Chapter 17
... 5. A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5' CCG-ACG 3' (mRNA). The following activated transfer RNA molecules are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can ...
... 5. A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5' CCG-ACG 3' (mRNA). The following activated transfer RNA molecules are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can ...
Gene_technology
... • Genes that code for fluorescent proteins (e.g. green fluorescent protein – GFP -from jellyfish) can also be spliced into a plasmid. • The desired gene is placed in the plasmid in the middle of the GFP gene. What will the effect of this be on the GFP? • How can this be used to identify the plasmids ...
... • Genes that code for fluorescent proteins (e.g. green fluorescent protein – GFP -from jellyfish) can also be spliced into a plasmid. • The desired gene is placed in the plasmid in the middle of the GFP gene. What will the effect of this be on the GFP? • How can this be used to identify the plasmids ...
Problem Set #1 - Answers 2/11/2002 7.06 Spring `02 ANSWER
... An allele is one version of a gene sequence. The wild type allele is the allele that normally functions in a cell. Mutant alleles encode non-functional (or partially functional) gene products, and conditional alleles only behave as mutants under inducible conditions (high temperature, etc.). Often t ...
... An allele is one version of a gene sequence. The wild type allele is the allele that normally functions in a cell. Mutant alleles encode non-functional (or partially functional) gene products, and conditional alleles only behave as mutants under inducible conditions (high temperature, etc.). Often t ...
Document
... demonstrated that hydrazone and Staudinger-Bertozzi ligations allow covalent attachment of labels under physiological conditions. Both proteins are functional after ~12hr reactions. We have also noticed that wild-type luciferase or rhodopsin in the absence of a keto moiety reacted with hydrazide and ...
... demonstrated that hydrazone and Staudinger-Bertozzi ligations allow covalent attachment of labels under physiological conditions. Both proteins are functional after ~12hr reactions. We have also noticed that wild-type luciferase or rhodopsin in the absence of a keto moiety reacted with hydrazide and ...
Getting things where they need to go: Protein Targeting
... ‘New’ data for ER; had seen a protein (epsin) help deform PM for clathrin coated vesicles. May suggest that using a helix to deform membrane is common mechanism for budding/fission ...
... ‘New’ data for ER; had seen a protein (epsin) help deform PM for clathrin coated vesicles. May suggest that using a helix to deform membrane is common mechanism for budding/fission ...
liquid association-1..
... functionally associated genes are indeed uncorrelated • Microarray is too noisy •Biology is complex ...
... functionally associated genes are indeed uncorrelated • Microarray is too noisy •Biology is complex ...
University of Groningen Characterisation of actinomycete
... elements are inserted are indicated below the element name at the right. Colour coding: orange, genes and sites involved in excision/integration; dark yellow, genes most likely involved in replication and its control; red bar, pMEA-specific hairpin structure; blue, putative conjugation genes; dark b ...
... elements are inserted are indicated below the element name at the right. Colour coding: orange, genes and sites involved in excision/integration; dark yellow, genes most likely involved in replication and its control; red bar, pMEA-specific hairpin structure; blue, putative conjugation genes; dark b ...
What is Bioinformatics? A Proposed Definition and Overview of the Field
... the data can be grouped together based on biologically meaningful similarities. For example, sequence segments are often repeated at different positions of genomic DNA [27]. Genes can be clustered into those with particular functions (eg enzymatic actions) or according to the metabolic pathway to wh ...
... the data can be grouped together based on biologically meaningful similarities. For example, sequence segments are often repeated at different positions of genomic DNA [27]. Genes can be clustered into those with particular functions (eg enzymatic actions) or according to the metabolic pathway to wh ...
Proteins * Structure and Function
... Proteins are a diverse group of large and complex polymer molecules, made up of long chains of amino acids. They have a wide range of biological roles, including: ...
... Proteins are a diverse group of large and complex polymer molecules, made up of long chains of amino acids. They have a wide range of biological roles, including: ...
In Vitro Translation Systems – Protein expression
... including HeLa cell lysate, proprietary accessory proteins, reaction mix, heavy amino acids, positivecontrol GFP DNA and the pT7CFE1-CGST-HA-His cloning vector. The benefits of in vitro expression of heavy proteins over traditional in vivo systems include expression of toxic or insoluble proteins, a ...
... including HeLa cell lysate, proprietary accessory proteins, reaction mix, heavy amino acids, positivecontrol GFP DNA and the pT7CFE1-CGST-HA-His cloning vector. The benefits of in vitro expression of heavy proteins over traditional in vivo systems include expression of toxic or insoluble proteins, a ...
Bioinformatics 4 REtrieving DNA sequence
... clearly defined boundaries, and specific functional attributes. Furthermore, proteins of microbes or higher eukaryotes (animal and plants) have roughly the same properties. • The corresponding gene (DNA) sequences get more varied and complex in higher animals. Gene sizes in humans may vary from a fe ...
... clearly defined boundaries, and specific functional attributes. Furthermore, proteins of microbes or higher eukaryotes (animal and plants) have roughly the same properties. • The corresponding gene (DNA) sequences get more varied and complex in higher animals. Gene sizes in humans may vary from a fe ...
Chapter 6-3: Life Substances
... Polysaccharide—many sugars Starch—found in potatoes and pasta Glycogen—found in liver Cellulose—found in green plants ...
... Polysaccharide—many sugars Starch—found in potatoes and pasta Glycogen—found in liver Cellulose—found in green plants ...
Poster
... examples from the mouse experiment. Boxes C and E are enlarged from Box A to show portions of the hippocampus (a part of the brain found in the temporal lobe concerned with memory) of the control mouse. Boxes D and F show the enlarged portions of the hippocampus of the mouse that over expressed the ...
... examples from the mouse experiment. Boxes C and E are enlarged from Box A to show portions of the hippocampus (a part of the brain found in the temporal lobe concerned with memory) of the control mouse. Boxes D and F show the enlarged portions of the hippocampus of the mouse that over expressed the ...
Chromatin modifying activity of leukaemia associated fusion proteins
... cytosine residues at CpG dinucleotides, which if located within a gene’s regulatory regions can lead to transcriptional silencing (14). The process of DNA methylation in mammals is carried out by at least three catalytically active DNMT enzymes (15). DNA methylation represses gene transcription by c ...
... cytosine residues at CpG dinucleotides, which if located within a gene’s regulatory regions can lead to transcriptional silencing (14). The process of DNA methylation in mammals is carried out by at least three catalytically active DNMT enzymes (15). DNA methylation represses gene transcription by c ...
Ch 18
... specific sequences or structures of the mRNA • Alternatively, translation of all mRNAs in a cell may be regulated simultaneously – For example, translation initiation factors are simultaneously activated in an egg following fertilization ...
... specific sequences or structures of the mRNA • Alternatively, translation of all mRNAs in a cell may be regulated simultaneously – For example, translation initiation factors are simultaneously activated in an egg following fertilization ...
Banche Dati Genomiche
... 1. “Which genes encode proteins in different organisms with high sequence similarity to a protein X and have some biomedical features in common e.g. up/down significantly co-expressed in the same biological tissue or condition Y and involved in the biological function Z?” 2. “Which proteins of a giv ...
... 1. “Which genes encode proteins in different organisms with high sequence similarity to a protein X and have some biomedical features in common e.g. up/down significantly co-expressed in the same biological tissue or condition Y and involved in the biological function Z?” 2. “Which proteins of a giv ...
Ch 18
... – General TFs are essential for the transcription of all protein-coding genes – In eukaryotes, high levels of transcription of particular genes depend on control elements interacting with specific TFs proximal control elementsare located close to the promoter distal control elementsgroups of whi ...
... – General TFs are essential for the transcription of all protein-coding genes – In eukaryotes, high levels of transcription of particular genes depend on control elements interacting with specific TFs proximal control elementsare located close to the promoter distal control elementsgroups of whi ...
ap® biology 2009 scoring guidelines - AP Central
... The response earned 4 points in part (a). Explanations of the roles of the following each earned a point: “RNA polymerase is an enzyme that attaches to a DNA sequence and begins transcribing it to mRNA.” “[I]t undergoes RNA splicing by the spliceosomes. These enzymes cut out the intron.” “Ribosomes ...
... The response earned 4 points in part (a). Explanations of the roles of the following each earned a point: “RNA polymerase is an enzyme that attaches to a DNA sequence and begins transcribing it to mRNA.” “[I]t undergoes RNA splicing by the spliceosomes. These enzymes cut out the intron.” “Ribosomes ...
Modular proteins I
... The symmetrical exon rule Insertion, deletion and duplication of a module by intronic recombination can satisfy the phase compatibility requirement only if the two introns flanking the module are of the same phase (symmetrical modules): Only symmetrical module groups are 0-0, 1-1 and 2-2 Can only b ...
... The symmetrical exon rule Insertion, deletion and duplication of a module by intronic recombination can satisfy the phase compatibility requirement only if the two introns flanking the module are of the same phase (symmetrical modules): Only symmetrical module groups are 0-0, 1-1 and 2-2 Can only b ...
Correlative-causative structures and the `pericause`: an
... 2. The cell can theoretically rely on innumerable combinatorial strategies to create the most efficient selfimposed corrective disturbance, which may differ from cell to cell even in the same tissue in one organism. This is evidenced by observations that (i) the contribution of many associated genes ...
... 2. The cell can theoretically rely on innumerable combinatorial strategies to create the most efficient selfimposed corrective disturbance, which may differ from cell to cell even in the same tissue in one organism. This is evidenced by observations that (i) the contribution of many associated genes ...
MEICPS: substitution mutations to engineer intracellular protein
... global structural features and location in the intracellular environment determine the in vivo stability of proteins (Rogers et al., 1986; Rechsteiner and Rogers, 1996). From our earlier analysis of sequence data of a set of stable proteins (in vivo half-life ≥16 h) versus less stable proteins (in v ...
... global structural features and location in the intracellular environment determine the in vivo stability of proteins (Rogers et al., 1986; Rechsteiner and Rogers, 1996). From our earlier analysis of sequence data of a set of stable proteins (in vivo half-life ≥16 h) versus less stable proteins (in v ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.