File
... (Figure 17.24a). Some substitutions have no effect on the encoded protein, owing to the redundancy of the genetic code. For example, if 3!-CCG-5! on the template strand mutated to 3!-CCA-5!, the mRNA codon that used to be GGC would become GGU, but a glycine would still be inserted at the proper loca ...
... (Figure 17.24a). Some substitutions have no effect on the encoded protein, owing to the redundancy of the genetic code. For example, if 3!-CCG-5! on the template strand mutated to 3!-CCA-5!, the mRNA codon that used to be GGC would become GGU, but a glycine would still be inserted at the proper loca ...
Expanded protein information at SGD: new pages and proteome browser.
... Homologs page, and the eMOTIF resource for the display of shared protein motifs (1). Since that time, there has been a marked increase in the number of studies focused on protein function, regulation and pathway/process involvement. These include a number of studies aimed at mapping the complete int ...
... Homologs page, and the eMOTIF resource for the display of shared protein motifs (1). Since that time, there has been a marked increase in the number of studies focused on protein function, regulation and pathway/process involvement. These include a number of studies aimed at mapping the complete int ...
Gene Section TFE3 (transcription factor E3) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... N-term PSF and most of it fused to the DNA binding domains of TFE3 (excluding the acidic transcriptional activation domain, including the C-term helix-loophelix, and the leucine zipper); no TFE3-PSF reciprocal transcript, as the der(X) t(X;1) is missing; the normal TFE3 transcript is found. ...
... N-term PSF and most of it fused to the DNA binding domains of TFE3 (excluding the acidic transcriptional activation domain, including the C-term helix-loophelix, and the leucine zipper); no TFE3-PSF reciprocal transcript, as the der(X) t(X;1) is missing; the normal TFE3 transcript is found. ...
The Arabinose Operon
... Operons Operons are groups of genes that function to produce proteins needed by the cell. There are two different kinds of genes in operons: Structural genes code for proteins needed for the normal operation of the cell. For example, they may be proteins needed for the breakdown of sugars. The struc ...
... Operons Operons are groups of genes that function to produce proteins needed by the cell. There are two different kinds of genes in operons: Structural genes code for proteins needed for the normal operation of the cell. For example, they may be proteins needed for the breakdown of sugars. The struc ...
Expression in cattle of epitopes of a heterologous virus using a
... required for all animals to show anti-3D15 antibodies and proliferative responses. GST–3D gave a response intermediate between GST and GST–3D15, showing that both the 3Dpol and FMDV15 portions of the fusion protein were immunostimulatory (not shown). In order to express the fusion protein from RPV, ...
... required for all animals to show anti-3D15 antibodies and proliferative responses. GST–3D gave a response intermediate between GST and GST–3D15, showing that both the 3Dpol and FMDV15 portions of the fusion protein were immunostimulatory (not shown). In order to express the fusion protein from RPV, ...
A common mechanism for ATP hydrolysis in ABC transporter and
... Cα atoms of 3.4 Å and 2.6 Å, respectively (Table 1). Interestingly, the next two structural neighbours identified by the search were the RecA protein and the helicase domain of the bacteriophage T7 helicase–primase with Z scores of 7.4 and 8.3, and rmsd values of 3.3 Å and 3.6 Å, respectively. The s ...
... Cα atoms of 3.4 Å and 2.6 Å, respectively (Table 1). Interestingly, the next two structural neighbours identified by the search were the RecA protein and the helicase domain of the bacteriophage T7 helicase–primase with Z scores of 7.4 and 8.3, and rmsd values of 3.3 Å and 3.6 Å, respectively. The s ...
Porting Biological Application in GRID. An Experience within the
... The combination of the 20 natural amino acids in a specific sequence dictates the three-dimensional structure of the protein. Protein function is linked to the specific three-dimensional arrangement of amino acids functional groups. With the advancement of molecular biology techniques a huge amount ...
... The combination of the 20 natural amino acids in a specific sequence dictates the three-dimensional structure of the protein. Protein function is linked to the specific three-dimensional arrangement of amino acids functional groups. With the advancement of molecular biology techniques a huge amount ...
The Price of Silent Mutations
... inconsequential to health, because such changes in DNA would not alter the composition of the proteins encoded by genes. Proteins function in virtually every process carried out by cells, from catalyzing biochemical reactions to recognizing foreign invaders. Hence, the thinking went, if a protein's ...
... inconsequential to health, because such changes in DNA would not alter the composition of the proteins encoded by genes. Proteins function in virtually every process carried out by cells, from catalyzing biochemical reactions to recognizing foreign invaders. Hence, the thinking went, if a protein's ...
5.1 How Is the Structure of the Cell Membrane Related to Its Function?
... – Water-soluble substances such as salts, amino acids, and sugars cannot easily cross phospholipid bilayers ...
... – Water-soluble substances such as salts, amino acids, and sugars cannot easily cross phospholipid bilayers ...
File - Elko Science
... •folding of the polypeptide chain is stabilized by multiple weak, non-covalent interactions. These interactions include: + Hydrogen bonds - form when a Hydrogen atom is shared by two other atoms. + Electrostatic interactions - occur between charged amino acid side chains. + Hydrophobic interactions ...
... •folding of the polypeptide chain is stabilized by multiple weak, non-covalent interactions. These interactions include: + Hydrogen bonds - form when a Hydrogen atom is shared by two other atoms. + Electrostatic interactions - occur between charged amino acid side chains. + Hydrophobic interactions ...
Solid Tumour Section Soft Tissue Tumors: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
... This tumour has an indeterminate or low malignant potential; tumour related deaths (occuring in less than 10% of cases) are due to local invasion, not to distant metastases. Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2001; 5(4) ...
... This tumour has an indeterminate or low malignant potential; tumour related deaths (occuring in less than 10% of cases) are due to local invasion, not to distant metastases. Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2001; 5(4) ...
Case Study Template 1
... The data suggest a coupling of SecA nucleotide occupancy to the opening of the SecY proteinchannel, with perturbations within SecY feeding back to SecA to regulate nucleotide exchange. The observations are supported using a FRET pair across the SecY lateral gate, and stopped-flow analyses of the rat ...
... The data suggest a coupling of SecA nucleotide occupancy to the opening of the SecY proteinchannel, with perturbations within SecY feeding back to SecA to regulate nucleotide exchange. The observations are supported using a FRET pair across the SecY lateral gate, and stopped-flow analyses of the rat ...
The Rock Pocket Mouse: Genes, Pathways, and Natural
... living in areas where the ground is covered in a dark rock called basalt caused by geologic lava flows thousands of years ago. Scientists have collected data from a population of primarily darkcolored mice living in an area of basalt called the Pinacate lava flow in Arizona, as well as from a nearby ...
... living in areas where the ground is covered in a dark rock called basalt caused by geologic lava flows thousands of years ago. Scientists have collected data from a population of primarily darkcolored mice living in an area of basalt called the Pinacate lava flow in Arizona, as well as from a nearby ...
GeneAssist™ Pathway Atlas - Thermo Fisher Scientific
... Inside GeneAssist™ Pathway Atlas, you will find more than 350 easy-to-understand signal transduction, metabolic and disease state pathway maps. The pathways can be browsed alphabetically by name or searched using keywords or gene identifiers such as Entrez Gene ID, gene name, gene symbol, or NCBI tran ...
... Inside GeneAssist™ Pathway Atlas, you will find more than 350 easy-to-understand signal transduction, metabolic and disease state pathway maps. The pathways can be browsed alphabetically by name or searched using keywords or gene identifiers such as Entrez Gene ID, gene name, gene symbol, or NCBI tran ...
Lecture 15 Membrane Proteins I
... hydrophobic part of the phospholipid bilayer. Presence of one or more apolar regions accounts for the span of lipid bilayer (α-helix and β-sheet as well). They interact mainly through van der Waals interaction with the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer. Thus they can be extracted from the membra ...
... hydrophobic part of the phospholipid bilayer. Presence of one or more apolar regions accounts for the span of lipid bilayer (α-helix and β-sheet as well). They interact mainly through van der Waals interaction with the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer. Thus they can be extracted from the membra ...
The chemical constituents of cells
... Being amphoteric amino acids can act as buffer solutions. A buffer solution is one which resists the tendency to change its pH even when small amounts of acids or alkali are added to it. Such a property is esstenial in biological systems where any sudden change in pH could adversely affect the funct ...
... Being amphoteric amino acids can act as buffer solutions. A buffer solution is one which resists the tendency to change its pH even when small amounts of acids or alkali are added to it. Such a property is esstenial in biological systems where any sudden change in pH could adversely affect the funct ...
Gene splicing
... In eukaryotes information can be stored much more economically. Several proteins can be encoded by a single gene, thus allowing a more varied proteome from a genome of limited size. ...
... In eukaryotes information can be stored much more economically. Several proteins can be encoded by a single gene, thus allowing a more varied proteome from a genome of limited size. ...
2: Enzymes
... by bonds between and within side groups, such as ionic bonds in non-neutral solutions (-CO2 and NH3 groups act as acids or bases), covalent disulphide bonds in the amino acid cysteine, and van der Waals and dipole-dipole interactions. It is also important to observe the behaviour of polar and nonpol ...
... by bonds between and within side groups, such as ionic bonds in non-neutral solutions (-CO2 and NH3 groups act as acids or bases), covalent disulphide bonds in the amino acid cysteine, and van der Waals and dipole-dipole interactions. It is also important to observe the behaviour of polar and nonpol ...
Cell signaling
... activate the substrate of the kinase, but can also target the substrate for degradation •Kinases are often themselves activated by other kinases via phosphorylation and can organize into phosphorylation cascades •One important class of phosphorylation cascade is called a mitogen activated protein ki ...
... activate the substrate of the kinase, but can also target the substrate for degradation •Kinases are often themselves activated by other kinases via phosphorylation and can organize into phosphorylation cascades •One important class of phosphorylation cascade is called a mitogen activated protein ki ...
Laboratory #11: Molecular genetics simulations
... After the code was deciphered, the question remained of whether and how small changes in a gene, such as single nucleotide substitutions, could affect the protein. We will explore this question in the second exercise of the lab. Exercise I: General instructions: Go to the Translation Lab in BiologyL ...
... After the code was deciphered, the question remained of whether and how small changes in a gene, such as single nucleotide substitutions, could affect the protein. We will explore this question in the second exercise of the lab. Exercise I: General instructions: Go to the Translation Lab in BiologyL ...
Circuit Engineers Doing Biology
... bridge can withstand, and then use these equations to improve the actual physical model. [In our work on memory in yeast cells] we really did the same thing.” ...
... bridge can withstand, and then use these equations to improve the actual physical model. [In our work on memory in yeast cells] we really did the same thing.” ...
Chapter 11: Regulation of Gene Expression
... information flow from genes to proteins – Mainly controlled at the level of transcription – A gene that is “turned on” is being transcribed to produce mRNA that is translated to make its corresponding protein – Organisms respond to environmental changes by controlling gene expression ...
... information flow from genes to proteins – Mainly controlled at the level of transcription – A gene that is “turned on” is being transcribed to produce mRNA that is translated to make its corresponding protein – Organisms respond to environmental changes by controlling gene expression ...
Chemistry in Biology
... A compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids Amino acids are small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur. ...
... A compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids Amino acids are small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur. ...
Gene duplication and divergence
... are called the globin gene family. Like human families, a gene family has related, but recognizably different members. Also like human families, gene families may have dysfunctional members. Such dysfunctional genes are gene copies that have mutations that render them non-functional. Because they lo ...
... are called the globin gene family. Like human families, a gene family has related, but recognizably different members. Also like human families, gene families may have dysfunctional members. Such dysfunctional genes are gene copies that have mutations that render them non-functional. Because they lo ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.