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Uncovering the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatome in Cattle an
Uncovering the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatome in Cattle an

... UniProt contained information on only 12 PTPs The alignment of the 37 human sequences against the cattle RefSeq sequences using BLASTP uncovered 26 predicted sequences and confirmed 11 known sequences The best human-cattle matches were for PTPRD, PTPRK, and PTPN11 – this indicates that they are very ...
A Pollen-Expressed Gene for a Novel Protein with an F
A Pollen-Expressed Gene for a Novel Protein with an F

... complex-mediated proteolysis has been shown to play a key role in many cellular processes in plants including flower development and signal transduction (Xiao and Jang 2000), with more than 500 putative F-box genes being identified in Arabidopsis thaliana (Gange et al. 2002, Kuroda et al. 2002). In ...
Lecture 16 - Biology Courses Server
Lecture 16 - Biology Courses Server

... • Fibroblasts of patients contain large inclusions (I-cells)… • Lysosomes lack normal complement of acid hydrolases… • All lysosomal enzymes secreted (secretion is the “default” fate for proteins in the ER-Golgi pathway)… • Lysosomal enzymes of “wild-type” (normal) cells are modified by phosphorylat ...
114_2017_1437_MOESM1_ESM
114_2017_1437_MOESM1_ESM

... controlled photoperiod (12 light: 12 dark) was provided by fluorescent bulbs, while heat was ...
Solid Tumour Section Soft tissue tumors: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Solid Tumour Section Soft tissue tumors: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

... Zuppan C, Bridge JA. Fusion of ALK to the Ran-binding protein 2 (RANBP2) gene in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. ...
Protein Trafficking4
Protein Trafficking4

... • Fibroblasts of patients contain large inclusions (I-cells)… • Lysosomes lack normal complement of acid hydrolases… • All lysosomal enzymes secreted (secretion is the “default” fate for proteins in the ER-Golgi pathway)… • Lysosomal enzymes of “wild-type” (normal) cells are modified by phosphorylat ...
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Control of milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland and the

... Recovery from amino acid deficiency ...
Figure 10-14: Cooperative binding of activators.
Figure 10-14: Cooperative binding of activators.

... In multicellular organisms, signal integration (信号整合) is used extensively. In some cases, numerous signals are required to switch a gene on. However, each signal is transmitted to the gene by a separate regulator, and therefore, multiple activators often work together, and they do so synergisticall ...
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Find expression data for a tagged gene

... Tagged genes are being transferred into A. thaliana plants viaAgrobacterium-mediated transformation and transformed plants assayed for gene expression. ...
Heat shock protein: a hot topic in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Heat shock protein: a hot topic in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

... INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE | P. BONNIAUD ET AL. ...
University of Birmingham Armadillo repeat proteins: beyond the
University of Birmingham Armadillo repeat proteins: beyond the

... Fig. 3. Arm repeat proteins in Arabidopsis. Putative genes encoding proteins with tandem Arm repeats have been compiled from the Arabidopsis genome. Arabidopsis Arm repeat proteins can be subdivided on the basis of their homology with each other and with proteins from other organisms. Orange backgro ...
Document
Document

... – Tiny sacs that form as buds from ER, Golgi bodies, and plasma membrane – Some transport substances to or from other organelles – Fuse and form larger membranous sac, or vacuoles ...
Biological Ontologies - Protein Information Resource
Biological Ontologies - Protein Information Resource

... GO consortium, contributing: – development of the ontologies – annotations for the genes of one or more organisms ...
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET

... The first step of protein synthesis is __________________. This step occurs in the _________________ of the cell. During this step the enzyme __________________________ makes a copy of a gene out of RNA. This is called a _________________ RNA or mRNA. Some parts of mRNA called ______________ have to ...
Stylus Experiments Made Easy—A Free App for Personal Computers
Stylus Experiments Made Easy—A Free App for Personal Computers

... Stylus is a model world that enables evolutionary experimentation in silico on objects analogous to bacterial genes and proteins [1]. At the core of the model is a rich set of structureto-function relationships that mirror those of proteins in several respects. Instead of three-dimensional molecules ...
An NIH funded center led by deCODE biostructures and
An NIH funded center led by deCODE biostructures and

... Center’s laboratory at The Scripps Research Institute for final integration, testing and operation. The initial target application area is oncology, specifically focusing on eukaryotic protein families and more challenging proteins such as multi-protein kinase complexes, DNA-bound transcription fact ...
The PRICE of SILENT MUTATIONS
The PRICE of SILENT MUTATIONS

... diseases, for instance. In the case of sickle cell anemia, a missense mutation exchanges a water-loving (hydrophilic) amino acid for a water-avoiding one (hydrophobic), causing the proteins to clump together and produce characteristic sickle-shaped blood cells. In polycythemia disorders, a nonsense ...
Plant nuclear bodies
Plant nuclear bodies

... expression. Light induces the import of phytochromes into the nucleus, where they form protein complexes and accumulate in speckle-like nuclear domains [50,51,52]. The biological function of these domains is unknown but their formation is related to function and light response. For example, the d ...
pGLO Plasmid Map
pGLO Plasmid Map

... unneeded proteins, which would put the organism at a competitive disadvantage. The sugar arabinose is both a source of energy and a source of carbon. E. coli bacteria produce three enzymes (proteins) needed to digest arabinose as a food source. The genes that code for these enzymes are not expressed ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Walsh FS, Barton CH, Putt W, Moore SE, Kelsell D, Spurr N, Goodfellow PN. Department of Experimental Pathology, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, England. cDNA clones encoding the human N-cadherin cell adhesion molecule have been isolated from an embryonic muscle library by screening with an oligonucleo ...
Cooperation and selfishness both occur during molecular evolution
Cooperation and selfishness both occur during molecular evolution

... of the gene. So if a mutant fails completely to give that functional protein, it is effectively a lethal mutation (at least in haploid cells). Conversely, if a protein is not necessary for the cell, then mutations will accumulate, or there may be selection for faster cell division in organisms with ...
Bio1A Unit 2-7 Gene Expression Pt 1 Notes File
Bio1A Unit 2-7 Gene Expression Pt 1 Notes File

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National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

... then 50 lines representing 50 sequences that most closely match the sequence. 2. The second section (Descriptions) lists the name of the sequence and the Score and E value (the higher the score and the lower the E value the better.) There are also links back to the protein record on the right. 3. Th ...
Structural biology of viruses
Structural biology of viruses

... right of the molecule and is hidden through contacts to another protein in a homodimer. The anchor to the viral membrane is at the C-terminus of the protein, but this part of the protein was removed before crystallization and is therefore not seen here. ...
Lysosomes - Denver Public Schools
Lysosomes - Denver Public Schools

... Enzymes made in rough endoplasmic reticulum ...
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Protein moonlighting



Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.
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