Human cerebrospinal fluid contains exosomes that represent a
... Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. ...
... Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. ...
The Neurospora crassa colonial temperature
... having a clear effect on pathogenicity. Calcineurin was also shown to be required for growth and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans at mammalian body temperature (Fox et al. 2001). In addition to affecting human pathogens, impaired calcineurin expression also affected development and pathogenicity ...
... having a clear effect on pathogenicity. Calcineurin was also shown to be required for growth and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans at mammalian body temperature (Fox et al. 2001). In addition to affecting human pathogens, impaired calcineurin expression also affected development and pathogenicity ...
Genetic Analysis of the Yeast Cytoskeleton.
... by DNAhybridization to probes consisting of the corresponding genes from higher eukaryotes (29, 54, 55). The c~-tubulin genes of Saccharomyceswere cloned by DNAhomologywith the a-tubulin genes of Schizosaccharomyces (70). The usefulness of heterologous clones as DNAprobes in the general case depends ...
... by DNAhybridization to probes consisting of the corresponding genes from higher eukaryotes (29, 54, 55). The c~-tubulin genes of Saccharomyceswere cloned by DNAhomologywith the a-tubulin genes of Schizosaccharomyces (70). The usefulness of heterologous clones as DNAprobes in the general case depends ...
Direct Activation of Fission Yeast Adenylyl Cyclase by Heterotrimeric
... the sexual development (1, 40). Thus, regulation of the cyr1 activity appears to be highly relevant to the initiation of sexual development. cyr1 consists of 1,693-amino acid residues (44, 45) and is composed of at least two domains: the N-terminal regulatory and C-terminal catalytic domains. Previo ...
... the sexual development (1, 40). Thus, regulation of the cyr1 activity appears to be highly relevant to the initiation of sexual development. cyr1 consists of 1,693-amino acid residues (44, 45) and is composed of at least two domains: the N-terminal regulatory and C-terminal catalytic domains. Previo ...
Increased Expression of Cytoskeletal, Linkage, and Extracellular
... microtubules and desmin filaments were evident, which supports the quantitative protein data. A good correlation was found between protein content and LVEDP in controls and patients with DCM. It is hypothesized, therefore, that not only the loss of myofilaments as described previously2,3 but also th ...
... microtubules and desmin filaments were evident, which supports the quantitative protein data. A good correlation was found between protein content and LVEDP in controls and patients with DCM. It is hypothesized, therefore, that not only the loss of myofilaments as described previously2,3 but also th ...
Protein Arginine Methylation in Candida albicans: Role
... C. albicans HMT1 gene and surrounding regions were cloned by PCR amplification of BWP17 genomic DNA with oligonucleotides AM113 and AM114, XhoI and SpeI digestion, and insertion into XhoI-SpeI-digested pRS315, resulting in pAM322. The C. albicans HMT1 reconstitution plasmid (pAM385) resulted from th ...
... C. albicans HMT1 gene and surrounding regions were cloned by PCR amplification of BWP17 genomic DNA with oligonucleotides AM113 and AM114, XhoI and SpeI digestion, and insertion into XhoI-SpeI-digested pRS315, resulting in pAM322. The C. albicans HMT1 reconstitution plasmid (pAM385) resulted from th ...
An enhanced transient expression system in plants based on
... In principle, the Agrobacterium infiltration system can be applied on an industrial scale. However, the level of transgene expression usually peaks at 60–72 h post-infiltration and declines rapidly thereafter. Originally, it was thought that the expression was transient because the bacterial strain/ ...
... In principle, the Agrobacterium infiltration system can be applied on an industrial scale. However, the level of transgene expression usually peaks at 60–72 h post-infiltration and declines rapidly thereafter. Originally, it was thought that the expression was transient because the bacterial strain/ ...
ONE WEEK RE·BODY MEAL PLAN
... 4g fiber, 31g protein, 16g fat) Toss 3 cups fresh organic salad greens with 1 Tbsp. citrus vinaigrette dressing. Top with 3.5 oz. grilled or baked wild Alaskan salmon ...
... 4g fiber, 31g protein, 16g fat) Toss 3 cups fresh organic salad greens with 1 Tbsp. citrus vinaigrette dressing. Top with 3.5 oz. grilled or baked wild Alaskan salmon ...
Gene Section JUN (V-Jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian))
... JUN is the most important component of AP-1 transcription factors, and its transcriptional activity is possibly attenuated by JUNB or JUND. It has been well accepted that JUN regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. JUN promotes cell cycle transition from G1 phase to S phase by up ...
... JUN is the most important component of AP-1 transcription factors, and its transcriptional activity is possibly attenuated by JUNB or JUND. It has been well accepted that JUN regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. JUN promotes cell cycle transition from G1 phase to S phase by up ...
C4-binding protein (C4BP)
... C3b、Factor B and Factor D Factor B is a circulating protein and is similar in many respects to C2。 Factor D is a blood protein and is a C1-like serine protease C3b及Factor B反應後，Factor D截切於Factor B上，釋出Ba fragment及 C3bBb complex。 C3bBb complex稱為alternative pathway C3 convertase，穩定性差，經過與 血液中之properdin ( ...
... C3b、Factor B and Factor D Factor B is a circulating protein and is similar in many respects to C2。 Factor D is a blood protein and is a C1-like serine protease C3b及Factor B反應後，Factor D截切於Factor B上，釋出Ba fragment及 C3bBb complex。 C3bBb complex稱為alternative pathway C3 convertase，穩定性差，經過與 血液中之properdin ( ...
Broder et al Curr biol 98
... shaded patches of the control transformants correspond to growtharrested cells. The appearance of these cells in the figure may vary due to different exposure times. Constructs used are described in Materials and methods; myristoylation or myristoylation-defective membrane localization sequences are ...
... shaded patches of the control transformants correspond to growtharrested cells. The appearance of these cells in the figure may vary due to different exposure times. Constructs used are described in Materials and methods; myristoylation or myristoylation-defective membrane localization sequences are ...
Cell-Free Protein Expression Systems
... synthesis, such as immature red blood cells (reticulocytes). The most frequently used cell-free expression systems originate from rabbit reticulocytes, wheat germ and E. coli. There are two types of cell-free expression systems: Translation Systems and Coupled Translation and Transcription (TNT®) Sy ...
... synthesis, such as immature red blood cells (reticulocytes). The most frequently used cell-free expression systems originate from rabbit reticulocytes, wheat germ and E. coli. There are two types of cell-free expression systems: Translation Systems and Coupled Translation and Transcription (TNT®) Sy ...
Supplementary Information (doc 1084K)
... indicated by the largest homozygous region spanning the DFNB8/10 locus. The predicted truncation is within the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain, which is N-terminal of the serine protease domain, and hence likely to abolish protease activity. This mutation represents the third different TMPRS ...
... indicated by the largest homozygous region spanning the DFNB8/10 locus. The predicted truncation is within the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain, which is N-terminal of the serine protease domain, and hence likely to abolish protease activity. This mutation represents the third different TMPRS ...
The FHY3 and FAR1 genes encode transposase
... whereas phyA is completely insensitive. Note that the response is stronger (i.e. closer to wild type) in far1 than in fhy3. The FAR1 gene was originally described as a member of a gene family of unknown function (Hudson et al., 1999). Since then the Arabidopsis genome has been completely sequenced ( ...
... whereas phyA is completely insensitive. Note that the response is stronger (i.e. closer to wild type) in far1 than in fhy3. The FAR1 gene was originally described as a member of a gene family of unknown function (Hudson et al., 1999). Since then the Arabidopsis genome has been completely sequenced ( ...
SpyTag and SpyCatcher - Department of Biochemistry
... targeting to the optimal location (e.g. dendritic cells, the most efficient antigen-presenting cell-type). SpyTag was fused to a single-chain Fv-Fc specific for the dendritic cell-surface marker DEC205 (Figure 2d). SpyCatcher was fused to the model ovalbumin antigen or a tick-borne encephalitis viru ...
... targeting to the optimal location (e.g. dendritic cells, the most efficient antigen-presenting cell-type). SpyTag was fused to a single-chain Fv-Fc specific for the dendritic cell-surface marker DEC205 (Figure 2d). SpyCatcher was fused to the model ovalbumin antigen or a tick-borne encephalitis viru ...
The histidine triad protein Hint1 interacts with Pontin and Reptin and
... (Date et al., 2001; Moreira et al., 2001) and the scavenger mRNA decapping enzyme DcpS (Liu et al., 2002). Less is known about the physiological and cellular functions of Hint1/PKCI. The identification of Hint1/PKCI interaction partners suggested that it might be involved in the regulation of transc ...
... (Date et al., 2001; Moreira et al., 2001) and the scavenger mRNA decapping enzyme DcpS (Liu et al., 2002). Less is known about the physiological and cellular functions of Hint1/PKCI. The identification of Hint1/PKCI interaction partners suggested that it might be involved in the regulation of transc ...
Functional Requirements of the Yellow Fever Virus Capsid Protein
... functions to protect the E protein from premature fusion during virion morphogenesis (42). By themselves, the E and (pr)M proteins are able to assemble into noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs). VLPs are small T⫽1 particles that are normally produced during flavivirus infectious (11, 25). Simil ...
... functions to protect the E protein from premature fusion during virion morphogenesis (42). By themselves, the E and (pr)M proteins are able to assemble into noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs). VLPs are small T⫽1 particles that are normally produced during flavivirus infectious (11, 25). Simil ...
FnrP interactions with the Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin promoter
... from the translational start of LktC [5]. Immediately upstream of the P1 promoter is lapT, a divergently transcribed gene that encodes the periplasmic binding protein component of the leukotoxin-associated arginine permease gene cluster [6]. A model for co-regulation of the leukotoxin and arginine p ...
... from the translational start of LktC [5]. Immediately upstream of the P1 promoter is lapT, a divergently transcribed gene that encodes the periplasmic binding protein component of the leukotoxin-associated arginine permease gene cluster [6]. A model for co-regulation of the leukotoxin and arginine p ...
as a PDF
... splice was expressed predominantly in testis. The C2 splice had a more general expression pattern. Therefore, in addition to the distinct features revealed by amino acid sequences, these splice variants also were expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Because the N0 splice contained sequences shared ...
... splice was expressed predominantly in testis. The C2 splice had a more general expression pattern. Therefore, in addition to the distinct features revealed by amino acid sequences, these splice variants also were expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Because the N0 splice contained sequences shared ...
Characterization of PIR1, a GATA family transcription factor involved
... showed decreased transcript levels upon addition of iron to the culture medium. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Strain and culture conditions P. chrysosporium homokaryotic strain RP-78 was obtained from the Center for Mycology Research, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA P. chrysosporium spo ...
... showed decreased transcript levels upon addition of iron to the culture medium. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Strain and culture conditions P. chrysosporium homokaryotic strain RP-78 was obtained from the Center for Mycology Research, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA P. chrysosporium spo ...
y. Cell Set. Suppl. ¡1, 1-11 (1989) Printed in
... III). Lanes: 1, 20% of the ADH III precursor added to each import assay; 2 -5 , import of ADH III precursor by four identical samples of control mitochondria; 6-9, import of ADH III precursor by mitochondria that had been preincubated with 12S, 250, 375 and 500 ng, respectively, of chimeric precurso ...
... III). Lanes: 1, 20% of the ADH III precursor added to each import assay; 2 -5 , import of ADH III precursor by four identical samples of control mitochondria; 6-9, import of ADH III precursor by mitochondria that had been preincubated with 12S, 250, 375 and 500 ng, respectively, of chimeric precurso ...
Slide 1
... The repressor can be in an active or inactive form, depending on the presence of other molecules A corepressor is a molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off For example, E. coli can synthesize the amino acid tryptophan when it has insufficient tryptophan ...
... The repressor can be in an active or inactive form, depending on the presence of other molecules A corepressor is a molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off For example, E. coli can synthesize the amino acid tryptophan when it has insufficient tryptophan ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... Similarly, in plants, the RBR protein functions are controlled by phosphorylation and protein–protein interactions (reviewed by Gutierrez, 1998; Durfee et al., 2000). Like human pRB proteins, plant RBR proteins are composed of an N-terminal region, A and B domains in the pocket region, and a C-termi ...
... Similarly, in plants, the RBR protein functions are controlled by phosphorylation and protein–protein interactions (reviewed by Gutierrez, 1998; Durfee et al., 2000). Like human pRB proteins, plant RBR proteins are composed of an N-terminal region, A and B domains in the pocket region, and a C-termi ...
Minireview: Global Regulation and Dynamics of Ribonucleic Acid
... nuclear membrane and the compartmentalization of RNA specificity, many and possibly most RBPs are specific diversification and processing. Therefore, the final decision for binding to distinct subpopulations of RNAs (2, 22). as to which genes will be expressed as proteins in eukaryotes Because RBPs ...
... nuclear membrane and the compartmentalization of RNA specificity, many and possibly most RBPs are specific diversification and processing. Therefore, the final decision for binding to distinct subpopulations of RNAs (2, 22). as to which genes will be expressed as proteins in eukaryotes Because RBPs ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.