Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation of Ricin A Chain
... remains to be established. Here we have taken advantage of the low Lys content that characterizes the ricin A chain to investigate whether the presence of internal Lys residues that could act as attachment sites for polyubiquitin chains is required for the transport and/or degradation of an ERAD sub ...
... remains to be established. Here we have taken advantage of the low Lys content that characterizes the ricin A chain to investigate whether the presence of internal Lys residues that could act as attachment sites for polyubiquitin chains is required for the transport and/or degradation of an ERAD sub ...
A differential response element for the homeotics at the Antennapedia P1 promoter of Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 7420-7424 .pdf
... specify the differences in the body segments of Drosophila melanogaster (1-3). Each gene and the homeoproteins it encodes (ANTP, UBX, and ABD-A, respectively) is associated with the identity of a particular segment or group of segments in which it is expressed. The homeotics are similar in that they ...
... specify the differences in the body segments of Drosophila melanogaster (1-3). Each gene and the homeoproteins it encodes (ANTP, UBX, and ABD-A, respectively) is associated with the identity of a particular segment or group of segments in which it is expressed. The homeotics are similar in that they ...
Yeast secretory expression of insulin precursors
... purpose of the ®gure is to orient the reader rather than to suggest a speci®c structure for insulin. The ®gure was produced using the MOLSCRIPT program (Kraulis 1991) ...
... purpose of the ®gure is to orient the reader rather than to suggest a speci®c structure for insulin. The ®gure was produced using the MOLSCRIPT program (Kraulis 1991) ...
The AP-3 adaptor complex is required for vacuolar function
... trafficking of reserve proteins to PSVs are strongly reminiscent of the pat2 mutant. This suggests that pat4 and pat2 are defective in the same process. To test whether these mutants represent alleles of the same mutation, we performed allelism test and analyzed F1 seedlings of the cross between pat ...
... trafficking of reserve proteins to PSVs are strongly reminiscent of the pat2 mutant. This suggests that pat4 and pat2 are defective in the same process. To test whether these mutants represent alleles of the same mutation, we performed allelism test and analyzed F1 seedlings of the cross between pat ...
PDF
... (Mr 27-5 x 103, component of band 5 on ID), 32 (Mr 27-5 x 103, component of band 5 on ID), 33 (Mr 25-5 x 103, band 3 on ID) and 34 (Mr 11-5 x 103). By contrast, although several of the major proteins synthesized by the oocyte before maturation become prominent during maturation e.g. polypeptides 14 ...
... (Mr 27-5 x 103, component of band 5 on ID), 32 (Mr 27-5 x 103, component of band 5 on ID), 33 (Mr 25-5 x 103, band 3 on ID) and 34 (Mr 11-5 x 103). By contrast, although several of the major proteins synthesized by the oocyte before maturation become prominent during maturation e.g. polypeptides 14 ...
PDF
... Moscona (1970) have recently shown that the existence of the proper organization at the cellular level is required for the hormonal induction of glutamine synthetase in the embryonic neural retina. They have also shown that inducibility is irreversibly lost after cell dissociation, as result of meta ...
... Moscona (1970) have recently shown that the existence of the proper organization at the cellular level is required for the hormonal induction of glutamine synthetase in the embryonic neural retina. They have also shown that inducibility is irreversibly lost after cell dissociation, as result of meta ...
Incorporating key position and amino acid residue features to
... Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose for their discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation in eukaryotes. *To whom correspondence should be addressed. ...
... Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose for their discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation in eukaryotes. *To whom correspondence should be addressed. ...
Drosophila unpaired encodes a secreted protein that activates the
... of which four mammalian members have been characterized (for review, see Ihle et al. 1997). The unique feature of these molecules is the presence of two tandem kinase-homologous domains. The carboxy-terminal domain of these proteins has been shown to catalyze tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas the mo ...
... of which four mammalian members have been characterized (for review, see Ihle et al. 1997). The unique feature of these molecules is the presence of two tandem kinase-homologous domains. The carboxy-terminal domain of these proteins has been shown to catalyze tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas the mo ...
The Fusion Core Complex of the Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Is
... equilibrated with PBS and calibrated using standard protein molecular mass markers. One milligram each of histidinetagged HR1 or HR2 was resuspended in 1 mL of PBS and fractionated separately or together (by incubating an equimolar mixture of HR1 and HR2 at room temperature for 2 h) on the same colu ...
... equilibrated with PBS and calibrated using standard protein molecular mass markers. One milligram each of histidinetagged HR1 or HR2 was resuspended in 1 mL of PBS and fractionated separately or together (by incubating an equimolar mixture of HR1 and HR2 at room temperature for 2 h) on the same colu ...
Architecture and Biosynthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell
... force microscope to detect surface accessibility of “molecular rulers” consisting of versions of the plasma membrane sensor Wsc1 with different lengths (Dupres et al. 2010; Yamaguchi et al. 2011). The wall’s major components are b1,3- and b1,6-linked glucans, mannoproteins, and chitin, which can be ...
... force microscope to detect surface accessibility of “molecular rulers” consisting of versions of the plasma membrane sensor Wsc1 with different lengths (Dupres et al. 2010; Yamaguchi et al. 2011). The wall’s major components are b1,3- and b1,6-linked glucans, mannoproteins, and chitin, which can be ...
An evolutionarily conserved mechanism for cAMP elicited axonal
... the downstream pathways that are engaged by this broadly utilized second messenger to actually promote axonal regeneration are not known. Much attention has focused upon the cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), since constitutive activation of CREB is sufficient to stimulate axonal regene ...
... the downstream pathways that are engaged by this broadly utilized second messenger to actually promote axonal regeneration are not known. Much attention has focused upon the cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), since constitutive activation of CREB is sufficient to stimulate axonal regene ...
The N-Terminal Domain of ERK1 Accounts for the Functional
... proliferation, differentiation and synaptic plasticity. Once activated in the cytoplasm, ERK1 and ERK2 translocate into the nucleus and interact with nuclear substrates to induce specific programs of gene expression. ERK1/2 share 85% of aminoacid identity and all known functional domains and thence ...
... proliferation, differentiation and synaptic plasticity. Once activated in the cytoplasm, ERK1 and ERK2 translocate into the nucleus and interact with nuclear substrates to induce specific programs of gene expression. ERK1/2 share 85% of aminoacid identity and all known functional domains and thence ...
Purification and Properties of the Dictyostelium Calpain
... the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, is a genetically tractable model for cell adhesion and motility, we have investigated whether a calpain-like protein is expressed in this organism. Contig 13130 (Sanger Institute Dictyostelium sequencing project) was identified as a three-exon gene ...
... the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, is a genetically tractable model for cell adhesion and motility, we have investigated whether a calpain-like protein is expressed in this organism. Contig 13130 (Sanger Institute Dictyostelium sequencing project) was identified as a three-exon gene ...
Accommodating the bacterial decoding release factor as an
... A site by cycling through the inter-subunit cleft between the Peptidyl and Exit sites before leaving the ribosome at the opposite side to which it entered. The decoding RF seems not to use the same escape route but rather a complex mechanism to ‘back out’ of the A site by the route it entered with t ...
... A site by cycling through the inter-subunit cleft between the Peptidyl and Exit sites before leaving the ribosome at the opposite side to which it entered. The decoding RF seems not to use the same escape route but rather a complex mechanism to ‘back out’ of the A site by the route it entered with t ...
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange-Independent Activation of Gs Protein
... indicated time points. In this case, the reaction was started by adding membranes to the rest of the mixture. The amount of accumulated cAMP was measured by radioimmunoassay in all of the experiments as described previously (Ugur and Onaran, 1997). Control experiments showed that different nucleotid ...
... indicated time points. In this case, the reaction was started by adding membranes to the rest of the mixture. The amount of accumulated cAMP was measured by radioimmunoassay in all of the experiments as described previously (Ugur and Onaran, 1997). Control experiments showed that different nucleotid ...
Cell Functions Phospholipid-Binding Motif that Regulates T Subunit
... present within each of the CD3 subunits (4). Following their phosphorylation, the ITAMs are complexed by Syk/ZAP-70 family of protein tyrosine kinases. This kinase family, in conjunction with Src-family protein tyrosine kinases, phosphorylates and activates multiple effector and adaptor proteins. Mu ...
... present within each of the CD3 subunits (4). Following their phosphorylation, the ITAMs are complexed by Syk/ZAP-70 family of protein tyrosine kinases. This kinase family, in conjunction with Src-family protein tyrosine kinases, phosphorylates and activates multiple effector and adaptor proteins. Mu ...
Brown, V, Small, K, Lakkis, L, Feng, Y, Gunter, C, Wilkinson, KD and Warren, ST: Purified recombinant Fmrp exhibits selective RNA-binding as an intrinsic property of the fragile X mental retardation protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273:15521-15527 (1998).
... slowly dialyzed from 8 M urea down to 3 M urea and then, at a concentration of 1.6 mg/ul, was refolded by the addition of 50 mM CTAB to a final concentration of 2.28 mM. Dialysis was then performed against 23 mM Tris, 2.28 mM CTAB for 2 h at 4 °C. Next, 2.5 ml of 16 mM b-cyclodextrin was added, and ...
... slowly dialyzed from 8 M urea down to 3 M urea and then, at a concentration of 1.6 mg/ul, was refolded by the addition of 50 mM CTAB to a final concentration of 2.28 mM. Dialysis was then performed against 23 mM Tris, 2.28 mM CTAB for 2 h at 4 °C. Next, 2.5 ml of 16 mM b-cyclodextrin was added, and ...
Resistance of Helicoverpa armigera to Cry1Ac toxin from Bacillus
... Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession numbers EF104918, EF104913, EF104914, EF104915, EF104916 and EF104917 respectively. ...
... Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession numbers EF104918, EF104913, EF104914, EF104915, EF104916 and EF104917 respectively. ...
Functions of the Cdc14-Family Phosphatase Clp1p in the Cell Cycle
... cytokinesis. How the SIN functions in the cytokinesis checkpoint was not known. Cdc14- family phosphatases are highly conserved from yeast to humans, but were only characterized in ...
... cytokinesis. How the SIN functions in the cytokinesis checkpoint was not known. Cdc14- family phosphatases are highly conserved from yeast to humans, but were only characterized in ...
abbs.info - Semantic Scholar
... and spectrum analysis indicated that tryptophan, arginine, cysteine and carboxyl group residues were essential for its hemagglutinating activity. However, they might not be present in the active center, except some carboxyl group residues. AEL also showed significant in vitro antiproliferative activ ...
... and spectrum analysis indicated that tryptophan, arginine, cysteine and carboxyl group residues were essential for its hemagglutinating activity. However, they might not be present in the active center, except some carboxyl group residues. AEL also showed significant in vitro antiproliferative activ ...
Nitrite transport to the chloroplast in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
... a nitrogen source, since it could limit the efficiency of nitrate assimilation. In addition, nitrite is demonstrated to be toxic and to induce oxidative stress. Nitrite is known to produce DNA damage and oxidation of the cytochrome haem Fe2qto Fe3q (Derache, 1976; Zhao et al., 2001); in erythrocytes ...
... a nitrogen source, since it could limit the efficiency of nitrate assimilation. In addition, nitrite is demonstrated to be toxic and to induce oxidative stress. Nitrite is known to produce DNA damage and oxidation of the cytochrome haem Fe2qto Fe3q (Derache, 1976; Zhao et al., 2001); in erythrocytes ...
The green fluorescent protein: discovery
... from the first singlet excited state and leading to photo-decomposition; (iii) the existence of GFP-like molecules with different excitation and emission spectra throughout the whole visible region; (iv) rapid and efficient folding of the molecule in the intracellular context; (v) rapid maturation o ...
... from the first singlet excited state and leading to photo-decomposition; (iii) the existence of GFP-like molecules with different excitation and emission spectra throughout the whole visible region; (iv) rapid and efficient folding of the molecule in the intracellular context; (v) rapid maturation o ...
Increased Association Between Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
... human form of tau P301L, true NFTs have been observed and correlated with neurodegeneration (19). This mutation is located in the second repeat of tau microtubule-binding domain and reduces its binding to microtubules (20). In JNPL3 mice, hyperphosphorylated tau accumulates in the somatodendritic co ...
... human form of tau P301L, true NFTs have been observed and correlated with neurodegeneration (19). This mutation is located in the second repeat of tau microtubule-binding domain and reduces its binding to microtubules (20). In JNPL3 mice, hyperphosphorylated tau accumulates in the somatodendritic co ...
Deep mutational scanning reveals tail anchor
... to the amino-terminus of full-length Fis1p, since S. cerevisiae strains allowing titratable ...
... to the amino-terminus of full-length Fis1p, since S. cerevisiae strains allowing titratable ...
Characterization of a Bacillus anthracis spore coat
... heat challenges (using the methods described in Harwood & Cutting, 1990; Young & Setlow, 2003). We detected no significant differences between the mutant and wild-type strains (data not shown). Additionally, there were no readily detectable differences in the protein compositions of the extractible ...
... heat challenges (using the methods described in Harwood & Cutting, 1990; Young & Setlow, 2003). We detected no significant differences between the mutant and wild-type strains (data not shown). Additionally, there were no readily detectable differences in the protein compositions of the extractible ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.