Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... DdPPK2-mediated synthesis of poly P. This particular actin-related protein complex can polymerize into an actin-like filament concurrent with its synthesis of a poly P chain in a fully reversible reaction (GomezGarcia & Kornberg 2004). The presence of a DdPPK2-like activity in C. reinhardtii was als ...
... DdPPK2-mediated synthesis of poly P. This particular actin-related protein complex can polymerize into an actin-like filament concurrent with its synthesis of a poly P chain in a fully reversible reaction (GomezGarcia & Kornberg 2004). The presence of a DdPPK2-like activity in C. reinhardtii was als ...
Chicken Acidic Leucine-rich EGF-like Domain Containing Brain
... outgrowth and pathfinding of axons, and the establishment of synaptic connections. One form of cell communication involves the release of molecules termed trophic or tropic factors. One class of proteins that are released and display mitogenic and differentiation-inducing properties in the nervous s ...
... outgrowth and pathfinding of axons, and the establishment of synaptic connections. One form of cell communication involves the release of molecules termed trophic or tropic factors. One class of proteins that are released and display mitogenic and differentiation-inducing properties in the nervous s ...
Two-Component Systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as
... and dosS are conserved and tandemly arranged in many mycobacterial species (except M. leprae and M. ulcerans), while dosT appears to be less well conserved. DosS and DosT are capable of autophosphorylating at conserved histidine residues (His-395 and His-392, respectively), and both proteins can tra ...
... and dosS are conserved and tandemly arranged in many mycobacterial species (except M. leprae and M. ulcerans), while dosT appears to be less well conserved. DosS and DosT are capable of autophosphorylating at conserved histidine residues (His-395 and His-392, respectively), and both proteins can tra ...
A pervasive role of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases in
... The NF-kB family of transcription factors is present in most vertebrate cell types as homo- and heterodimers of five structurally related Rel and NF-kB proteins, namely p65 (also called RelA), RelB, c-Rel, NF-kB1 (p50 and its precursor p105) and NF-kB2 (p52 and its precursor p100) [1,2]. The transac ...
... The NF-kB family of transcription factors is present in most vertebrate cell types as homo- and heterodimers of five structurally related Rel and NF-kB proteins, namely p65 (also called RelA), RelB, c-Rel, NF-kB1 (p50 and its precursor p105) and NF-kB2 (p52 and its precursor p100) [1,2]. The transac ...
Repeat motifs of tau bind to the insides of microtubules in the
... the stability of tubulin polymers. The repeat motifs found in the microtubule-binding domain of tau are conserved from nematodes and fruit ¯ies to humans (Goedert et al., 1996; Heidary and Fortini, 2001) and have 60±70% sequence similarity to motifs in other MAPs such as the high molecular weight ne ...
... the stability of tubulin polymers. The repeat motifs found in the microtubule-binding domain of tau are conserved from nematodes and fruit ¯ies to humans (Goedert et al., 1996; Heidary and Fortini, 2001) and have 60±70% sequence similarity to motifs in other MAPs such as the high molecular weight ne ...
Brief Report - The Journal of Cell Biology
... Figure 1. TRAP cytoplasmic tail mutants and gene targeting strategy. (A) Schematic representation of the TRAP protein and amino acid sequences (one letter code), of the cytoplasmic tails of Plasmodium berghei TRAP and TRAP recombinants. CoTRAP indicates the residues conserved in at least five of six ...
... Figure 1. TRAP cytoplasmic tail mutants and gene targeting strategy. (A) Schematic representation of the TRAP protein and amino acid sequences (one letter code), of the cytoplasmic tails of Plasmodium berghei TRAP and TRAP recombinants. CoTRAP indicates the residues conserved in at least five of six ...
Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications
... levels of poly-ADP ribosylated histones that have been correlated with a relatively relaxed chromatin state [38]. Presumably, this is a consequence, at least in part, of the negative charge that the modification confers to the histone. In addition, though, it has been reported that the activation of ...
... levels of poly-ADP ribosylated histones that have been correlated with a relatively relaxed chromatin state [38]. Presumably, this is a consequence, at least in part, of the negative charge that the modification confers to the histone. In addition, though, it has been reported that the activation of ...
How do potentials derived from structural databases relate to true
... (Mirny & Shakhnovich, 1996;Thomas & Dill, 1996), but here different questions were asked. Our study stresses the importance of generating native protein-like features in the constructed databases. Special attention was paid to examining how the stability of the structures affects the derived potenti ...
... (Mirny & Shakhnovich, 1996;Thomas & Dill, 1996), but here different questions were asked. Our study stresses the importance of generating native protein-like features in the constructed databases. Special attention was paid to examining how the stability of the structures affects the derived potenti ...
Article Title Authors Author affiliation Correspondence information
... MAPK. MAPK, a highly conservative, serine/threonine protein kinase and is part of a critical signal transduction system. Six MAPK subfamilies have been cloned and ...
... MAPK. MAPK, a highly conservative, serine/threonine protein kinase and is part of a critical signal transduction system. Six MAPK subfamilies have been cloned and ...
A specific domain in α-catenin mediates binding to β
... glucose + antibiotics. Bacteria were grown at 30°C to an OD578 = 0.5 and expression of the fusion protein was induced by addition of 1 mM IPTG (Biomol). After 1 hour bacteria were harvested and washed with PBS. For ultrasonic lysis bacteria were resuspended at an OD578 = 200 in 20 mM Hepes-NaOH, pH ...
... glucose + antibiotics. Bacteria were grown at 30°C to an OD578 = 0.5 and expression of the fusion protein was induced by addition of 1 mM IPTG (Biomol). After 1 hour bacteria were harvested and washed with PBS. For ultrasonic lysis bacteria were resuspended at an OD578 = 200 in 20 mM Hepes-NaOH, pH ...
Depletion of the co-chaperone CDC-37 reveals two
... Asymmetric cell division is a fundamental mechanism for generating cell diversity. The first division of the C. elegans zygote provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of polarity on the ability of a cell to divide asymmetrically into daughters with different fates. The par genes (partitio ...
... Asymmetric cell division is a fundamental mechanism for generating cell diversity. The first division of the C. elegans zygote provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of polarity on the ability of a cell to divide asymmetrically into daughters with different fates. The par genes (partitio ...
tau strains and their propagation in experimental disease models
... Alzheimer’s disease, which are characterized by the fibrillization of the microtubuleassociated tau protein. The normal function of tau is to stabilize and promote the assembly of microtubules in neuronal axons. Sequestration of tau into amyloid fibrils results in destabilization of the microtubule ...
... Alzheimer’s disease, which are characterized by the fibrillization of the microtubuleassociated tau protein. The normal function of tau is to stabilize and promote the assembly of microtubules in neuronal axons. Sequestration of tau into amyloid fibrils results in destabilization of the microtubule ...
REVIEWS Structural insights into the function of the
... is ubiquitously distributed 7,9. Interestingly, all GDI isoforms appear to bind a similar spectrum of Rab proteins in vitro. The relative tissue abundance of different isoforms is therefore an important factor in dictating which population of Rabs is associated with a particular GDI isoform. However ...
... is ubiquitously distributed 7,9. Interestingly, all GDI isoforms appear to bind a similar spectrum of Rab proteins in vitro. The relative tissue abundance of different isoforms is therefore an important factor in dictating which population of Rabs is associated with a particular GDI isoform. However ...
The beneficial role of proteolysis in skeletal muscle growth and
... LC3, beclin-1, and Atg7), a few hours post-exercise. It is important to note that the exercise regimens between these studies were not identical and varied in aspects such as speed, treadmill inclination, and time. These are likely significant factors given the recent research by Schwalm et al. [99] ...
... LC3, beclin-1, and Atg7), a few hours post-exercise. It is important to note that the exercise regimens between these studies were not identical and varied in aspects such as speed, treadmill inclination, and time. These are likely significant factors given the recent research by Schwalm et al. [99] ...
Post-Translational Modifications of the TAK1-TAB Complex
... is recruited to TNFR1, which in turn binds to TRAF2 and receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1), and promotes TRAF2-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination of RIP1 [3,22]. After the K63-linked polyubiquitination of RIP1, the polyubiquitin chains of RIP1 bind to the C-terminal Npl4 zinc finger (NZF) dom ...
... is recruited to TNFR1, which in turn binds to TRAF2 and receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1), and promotes TRAF2-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination of RIP1 [3,22]. After the K63-linked polyubiquitination of RIP1, the polyubiquitin chains of RIP1 bind to the C-terminal Npl4 zinc finger (NZF) dom ...
Accumulation of xylem transported protein at pit membranes and
... material. Primary walls are based on cellulose fibre matrices interspersed with up to 800 different types of cell wall proteins (Albenne et al., 2009). The xylem pit membranes are traversed by tortuous pores with mean diameters at around 5 nm, as estimated by perfusion experiments with gold nano par ...
... material. Primary walls are based on cellulose fibre matrices interspersed with up to 800 different types of cell wall proteins (Albenne et al., 2009). The xylem pit membranes are traversed by tortuous pores with mean diameters at around 5 nm, as estimated by perfusion experiments with gold nano par ...
Hepatic Secretion of Conjugated Drugs and Endogenous Substances
... of MRP1 mRNA is extremely low31 and the immunoreactive proteins detected at the basolateral hepatocyte membrane by use of antibodies, raised against human MRP1,7,19 could only be fully identified after the more recent cloning of the isoforms MRP320,21 and MRP6.30,65–67 MRP3 and MRP6 have been locali ...
... of MRP1 mRNA is extremely low31 and the immunoreactive proteins detected at the basolateral hepatocyte membrane by use of antibodies, raised against human MRP1,7,19 could only be fully identified after the more recent cloning of the isoforms MRP320,21 and MRP6.30,65–67 MRP3 and MRP6 have been locali ...
as a PDF - CiteSeerX
... known to link surface receptors that do not possess inherent kinase activity to intracellular signaling cascades. These adapters can enable receptors such as integrins to directly or indirectly interact with tyrosine or serine/threonine kinases to transmit signals. First identified by ten Hoeve et a ...
... known to link surface receptors that do not possess inherent kinase activity to intracellular signaling cascades. These adapters can enable receptors such as integrins to directly or indirectly interact with tyrosine or serine/threonine kinases to transmit signals. First identified by ten Hoeve et a ...
A Calcium-Regulated Gatekeeper in Phloem Sieve Tubes
... and calcium regulation has been implicated in phloem function. In the current study, Knoblauch et al. show that an influx of calcium into legume sieve elements stimulates the rapid and reversible dispersal of crystalloid P-protein to occlude sieve plate pores. It will be important to determine if th ...
... and calcium regulation has been implicated in phloem function. In the current study, Knoblauch et al. show that an influx of calcium into legume sieve elements stimulates the rapid and reversible dispersal of crystalloid P-protein to occlude sieve plate pores. It will be important to determine if th ...
fulltext - DiVA Portal
... Signal conduction as well as substance exchange through membranes, involving active and passive transport of ions, macromolecules and metabolites, are predominantly mediated by proteins. They are either an integral part of the membrane bilayer or are peripherally associated with it. Proteins involve ...
... Signal conduction as well as substance exchange through membranes, involving active and passive transport of ions, macromolecules and metabolites, are predominantly mediated by proteins. They are either an integral part of the membrane bilayer or are peripherally associated with it. Proteins involve ...
Protein-Reactive Natural Products
... antibiotics, which target peptidases involved in bacterial cellwall biosynthesis (Scheme 3). The active-site serine nucleophile in the proteins targeted by penicillin is believed to attack the carbonyl carbon of the lactam ring to furnish a ringopened penicilloyl-enzyme.[31] Clavulanic acid has a mo ...
... antibiotics, which target peptidases involved in bacterial cellwall biosynthesis (Scheme 3). The active-site serine nucleophile in the proteins targeted by penicillin is believed to attack the carbonyl carbon of the lactam ring to furnish a ringopened penicilloyl-enzyme.[31] Clavulanic acid has a mo ...
Gelatin fragments block adherence of Candida
... from six active peaks. The parent molecule gelatin, as ...
... from six active peaks. The parent molecule gelatin, as ...
MAPK Phosphatase AP2C3 Induces Ectopic Proliferation of
... On the other hand, MKK7 and MKK9 are able also to promote later stages of stomata differentiation possibly acting on MPK3/ MPK6 or other MPKs [5]. This mode of action was suggested to set an inhibitory input at the entry point of the pathway, while for the cells that have already progressed well wit ...
... On the other hand, MKK7 and MKK9 are able also to promote later stages of stomata differentiation possibly acting on MPK3/ MPK6 or other MPKs [5]. This mode of action was suggested to set an inhibitory input at the entry point of the pathway, while for the cells that have already progressed well wit ...
Amino acids and mTORC1: from lysosomes to disease
... The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase controls growth and metabolism, and its deregulation underlies the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates signals arising from nutrients, energy, and growth factors, but ho ...
... The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase controls growth and metabolism, and its deregulation underlies the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates signals arising from nutrients, energy, and growth factors, but ho ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.