Two decades of studying non-covalent biomolecular assemblies by
... the different components within a mixture to be individually interrogated. Furthermore, in cases where the MS spectrum cannot be unambiguously assigned, knowledge that dissociation products must be complementary leads to tandem-MS aiding the assignment [32]. Another advantage of the nature of gas-ph ...
... the different components within a mixture to be individually interrogated. Furthermore, in cases where the MS spectrum cannot be unambiguously assigned, knowledge that dissociation products must be complementary leads to tandem-MS aiding the assignment [32]. Another advantage of the nature of gas-ph ...
A pollen-specific calmodulin-binding protein, NPG1, interacts with
... calmodulin-binding domain (CBD). Genetic studies have shown that AtNPG1 is required for pollen germination but not for pollen development30. The amino acid sequence of AtNPG1 and the maize homolog share 56% identity and 70% similarity. Homologs of NPG1 are also identified in other plants including V ...
... calmodulin-binding domain (CBD). Genetic studies have shown that AtNPG1 is required for pollen germination but not for pollen development30. The amino acid sequence of AtNPG1 and the maize homolog share 56% identity and 70% similarity. Homologs of NPG1 are also identified in other plants including V ...
Biochemistry of Signal Transduction and Regulation - Beck-Shop
... The result of communication between the signaling and receiving cells is a defined biochemical reaction in the target cell. The nature and extent of this reaction depends on many individual reactions that participate either directly or indirectly in signal transduction. Beginning with the hormone-pr ...
... The result of communication between the signaling and receiving cells is a defined biochemical reaction in the target cell. The nature and extent of this reaction depends on many individual reactions that participate either directly or indirectly in signal transduction. Beginning with the hormone-pr ...
Current Status and Future Prospectives of C1 Domain Ligands as
... concentrations, although they also inhibit other kinases [15, 16]. These compounds have been studied in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and diabetic complications, respectively, but their efficacy has not been proven yet. Problems with achieving selectivity are not surprising b ...
... concentrations, although they also inhibit other kinases [15, 16]. These compounds have been studied in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and diabetic complications, respectively, but their efficacy has not been proven yet. Problems with achieving selectivity are not surprising b ...
functional and structural complexity of signal transduction via g
... the molecular determinants funneling highly selective signals through the Gprotein bottleneck? One mechanism to impart selectivity on transmembrane signaling processes is realized by compartmentalization of signal transduction components in highly specialized cells. There is evidence that certain su ...
... the molecular determinants funneling highly selective signals through the Gprotein bottleneck? One mechanism to impart selectivity on transmembrane signaling processes is realized by compartmentalization of signal transduction components in highly specialized cells. There is evidence that certain su ...
GTPase domains ofras p21 oncogene protein and elongation factor
... important cellular functions, such as growth control, protein biosynthesis, and membrane traffic. Amino acid sequences of more than 100 members of different subfamilies are known, but crystal structures of only mammalian ras p21 and bacterial elongation factor Tu have been determined. After optimal ...
... important cellular functions, such as growth control, protein biosynthesis, and membrane traffic. Amino acid sequences of more than 100 members of different subfamilies are known, but crystal structures of only mammalian ras p21 and bacterial elongation factor Tu have been determined. After optimal ...
Bacteria under stress by complement and coagulation
... and N-acetylmuramic acids (MurNAc) that are linked by short peptides (reviewed in Vollmer et al., 2008). Grampositive bacteria possess one phospholipid membrane covered by a thick PG layer (20–80 nm) (reviewed in Silhavy et al., 2010) that commonly contains complex polysaccharides and teichoic acids ...
... and N-acetylmuramic acids (MurNAc) that are linked by short peptides (reviewed in Vollmer et al., 2008). Grampositive bacteria possess one phospholipid membrane covered by a thick PG layer (20–80 nm) (reviewed in Silhavy et al., 2010) that commonly contains complex polysaccharides and teichoic acids ...
Specific Interaction of the PDZ Domain Protein PICK1 with the
... Caenorhabditis elegans PICK1-like protein is also able to bind to PKCa, suggesting a conservation of function through evolution. Association of PKCa with PICK1 provides a potential mechanism for the selective targeting of PKCa to unique subcellular sites. Protein kinase C (PKC)1 a belongs to a famil ...
... Caenorhabditis elegans PICK1-like protein is also able to bind to PKCa, suggesting a conservation of function through evolution. Association of PKCa with PICK1 provides a potential mechanism for the selective targeting of PKCa to unique subcellular sites. Protein kinase C (PKC)1 a belongs to a famil ...
Functional analysis of polar amino
... To determine the intracellular localization of wild-type and mutant NHE1 protein in vivo, transfected cells were grown on glass coverslips to 60±70% confluence. The coverslips were washed three times with NaCl/Pi, pH 7.4 and cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde in NaCl/Pi. Fixation was terminated w ...
... To determine the intracellular localization of wild-type and mutant NHE1 protein in vivo, transfected cells were grown on glass coverslips to 60±70% confluence. The coverslips were washed three times with NaCl/Pi, pH 7.4 and cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde in NaCl/Pi. Fixation was terminated w ...
COMPLEX FORMATION AND PROTEIN INTERACTION IN THE
... correlate to difference in cellulose structure (Brown Jr. & Montezinos 1976; Herth 1983a). Thus, it is of great importance to understand the structure and assembly of CesAs into the CSC. Although the number of CesAs within the CSC has not been empirically determined, it has traditionally been estima ...
... correlate to difference in cellulose structure (Brown Jr. & Montezinos 1976; Herth 1983a). Thus, it is of great importance to understand the structure and assembly of CesAs into the CSC. Although the number of CesAs within the CSC has not been empirically determined, it has traditionally been estima ...
HnRNP C1/C2 May Regulate Exon 7 Splicing in the Spinal Muscular
... HnRNP C1 and C2 are among the most abundant nuclear proteins. These proteins bind to RNA as heterotetramers of C1 and C2 ((C1)3C2) (18, 21), and are major constituents of the hnRNP complex (6). It has been previously shown that a monoclonal antibody to hnRNP C1/C2 does not inhibit spliceosome format ...
... HnRNP C1 and C2 are among the most abundant nuclear proteins. These proteins bind to RNA as heterotetramers of C1 and C2 ((C1)3C2) (18, 21), and are major constituents of the hnRNP complex (6). It has been previously shown that a monoclonal antibody to hnRNP C1/C2 does not inhibit spliceosome format ...
Plant mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades
... acting downstream of NPK1. Interestingly, transcription of NtMEK1 and activation of NtNTF6 are both found in cells whose division has been induced by auxin and cytokinin treatment [21]. The identification of phosphorylation substrates will uncover the molecular action of NPK1 in cytokinesis. Whether ...
... acting downstream of NPK1. Interestingly, transcription of NtMEK1 and activation of NtNTF6 are both found in cells whose division has been induced by auxin and cytokinin treatment [21]. The identification of phosphorylation substrates will uncover the molecular action of NPK1 in cytokinesis. Whether ...
β-catenin: a key mediator of Wnt signaling Karl
... an overall positive charge [22••]. This positively charged groove may serve as a binding surface for several proteins, including TCF [8•–12•], APC [25], and adherens junction protein E-cadherin (E-cad) [23,26•]. Whether binding of the actin bundling protein Fascin [27] also occurs in this basic groo ...
... an overall positive charge [22••]. This positively charged groove may serve as a binding surface for several proteins, including TCF [8•–12•], APC [25], and adherens junction protein E-cadherin (E-cad) [23,26•]. Whether binding of the actin bundling protein Fascin [27] also occurs in this basic groo ...
doc
... the inflammasome (caspase-1 and caspase-8) or the stressosome (caspase-2) (reviewed in Lamkanfi et. al., 2006). In this project, the formation of the stressosome under different conditions of cellular stress (DNA damage, ATP release, ER stress, mitochondrial ROS, heat, TLR) will be studied by UG2 in ...
... the inflammasome (caspase-1 and caspase-8) or the stressosome (caspase-2) (reviewed in Lamkanfi et. al., 2006). In this project, the formation of the stressosome under different conditions of cellular stress (DNA damage, ATP release, ER stress, mitochondrial ROS, heat, TLR) will be studied by UG2 in ...
Amyloid-beta and tau proteins as biochemical markers of
... the CSF Ab42 may reflect the stage of the disease, with decreasing levels in the CSF as the disease progresses. Another controversial issue is the hypothetical correlation between CSF Ab42 levels and ApoE genotype. ApoE e4 allele is a major genetic risk factor for sporadic AD, increasing the risk 3- ...
... the CSF Ab42 may reflect the stage of the disease, with decreasing levels in the CSF as the disease progresses. Another controversial issue is the hypothetical correlation between CSF Ab42 levels and ApoE genotype. ApoE e4 allele is a major genetic risk factor for sporadic AD, increasing the risk 3- ...
Effects of macromolecular crowding on protein folding and
... those found when reduced lysozyme is refolded from acid in the absence of these denaturants (data not shown). This observation excludes prevention of aggregation by low concentrations of denaturants as an explanation for the absence of crowding effects during refolding of oxidized lysozyme, and demo ...
... those found when reduced lysozyme is refolded from acid in the absence of these denaturants (data not shown). This observation excludes prevention of aggregation by low concentrations of denaturants as an explanation for the absence of crowding effects during refolding of oxidized lysozyme, and demo ...
Characterization of the Cytosolic Proteins Involved in the Amoeboid
... rate and p16 decreased fiber growth rate. The effects of both p38 and p16 were concentration-dependent and antagonistic. Since the rate-enhancement by p38 was not potentiated by MSP, another cytosolic protein is involved in up-regulation of the rate of MSP elongation. Additionally, p16 altered the n ...
... rate and p16 decreased fiber growth rate. The effects of both p38 and p16 were concentration-dependent and antagonistic. Since the rate-enhancement by p38 was not potentiated by MSP, another cytosolic protein is involved in up-regulation of the rate of MSP elongation. Additionally, p16 altered the n ...
Electron microscopy in structural studies of Photosystem II
... are differentiated into stacked (appressed) and unstacked (unapressed) regions. The unstacked regions are termed stroma lamellae whereas the stacked regions form grana membranes. Unstacked regions are termed stroma lamellae whereas stacked regions form grana membranes. Grana membranes are approximat ...
... are differentiated into stacked (appressed) and unstacked (unapressed) regions. The unstacked regions are termed stroma lamellae whereas the stacked regions form grana membranes. Unstacked regions are termed stroma lamellae whereas stacked regions form grana membranes. Grana membranes are approximat ...
Free Full Text ( Final Version , 5mb ) - EUR RePub
... characterized by positively charged amino acid residues. Association with the CD3 8 subunit of the TCR complex is also mediated by this region. This assembly masks the retention/degradation signal and allows further complex formation and exit out of the ER. Other examples of proteins that might have ...
... characterized by positively charged amino acid residues. Association with the CD3 8 subunit of the TCR complex is also mediated by this region. This assembly masks the retention/degradation signal and allows further complex formation and exit out of the ER. Other examples of proteins that might have ...
Self-Referential Encoding on Modules of Anticodon Pairs—Roots of
... plus the systemic, dynamically conserved in positive feedback cycles that are constructed with the products [9]. Functions are of proteins and networks, highly plastic and diversified, whose restlessness and constructiveness propel and drive adaptations and evolution [10–12], in concert with the met ...
... plus the systemic, dynamically conserved in positive feedback cycles that are constructed with the products [9]. Functions are of proteins and networks, highly plastic and diversified, whose restlessness and constructiveness propel and drive adaptations and evolution [10–12], in concert with the met ...
The Sec61p Complex Mediates the Integration of a Membrane
... (Borel and Simon, 1996; Do et al., 1996). For example, the TM domain of a type I membrane protein (a singlespanning protein with an N-terminal, cleavable signal sequence) was thought to stay in a proteinaceous environment after leaving the Sec61p channel until completion of the polypeptide chain, be ...
... (Borel and Simon, 1996; Do et al., 1996). For example, the TM domain of a type I membrane protein (a singlespanning protein with an N-terminal, cleavable signal sequence) was thought to stay in a proteinaceous environment after leaving the Sec61p channel until completion of the polypeptide chain, be ...
Bacterial Growth and Cell Division: a Mycobacterial Perspective
... L-alanyl-D-iso-glutaminyl-meso-DAP-D-alanine from a different strand. While all bacteria require a dibasic residue for cross-linking PG, there are several residues from which to choose. Most gram-positive bacteria utilize lysine; however, DAP is commonly used instead by actinomycetes and gramnegativ ...
... L-alanyl-D-iso-glutaminyl-meso-DAP-D-alanine from a different strand. While all bacteria require a dibasic residue for cross-linking PG, there are several residues from which to choose. Most gram-positive bacteria utilize lysine; however, DAP is commonly used instead by actinomycetes and gramnegativ ...
Synthetic Physical Interactions Map Kinetochore
... into the GFP collection of strains, with each strain assayed in quadruplicate, using SPA (Reid et al. 2011). The resulting plates were scanned and quantitatively assessed for growth using the ScreenMill suite of software to objectively quantify and compare colony sizes of experiments and controls (D ...
... into the GFP collection of strains, with each strain assayed in quadruplicate, using SPA (Reid et al. 2011). The resulting plates were scanned and quantitatively assessed for growth using the ScreenMill suite of software to objectively quantify and compare colony sizes of experiments and controls (D ...
The Role of PME-1 in Cancer: Therapeutic Implications
... Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the cellular signaling, by conveying cell proliferation, survival, and death signals across the cellular machinery. Protein kinases and phosphatases regulate the phosphorylation status of thousands of proteins in a cell, and thereby maintain a state ...
... Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the cellular signaling, by conveying cell proliferation, survival, and death signals across the cellular machinery. Protein kinases and phosphatases regulate the phosphorylation status of thousands of proteins in a cell, and thereby maintain a state ...
Mitofilin complexes: conserved organizers of mitochondrial
... contact sites was first proposed by Hackenbrock 1968. In this study, isolated mitochondria were diluted into a buffer of high osmolarity, which leads to the extrusion of water and shrinking of the mitochondrial matrix compartment. Electron microscopy images showed that, under these conditions, the i ...
... contact sites was first proposed by Hackenbrock 1968. In this study, isolated mitochondria were diluted into a buffer of high osmolarity, which leads to the extrusion of water and shrinking of the mitochondrial matrix compartment. Electron microscopy images showed that, under these conditions, the i ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.