Prostaglandin E2 Regulates the Level and Stability of
... activation. We explored a positive feedback, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-dependent stabilization of COX-2 mRNA mediated by the p38 MAPK cascade in IL-1-stimulated human synovial fibroblasts. We observed a rapid (5 min), massive (>30-fold), and sustained (>48 h) increase in COX-2 mRNA, protein, and PGE2 ...
... activation. We explored a positive feedback, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-dependent stabilization of COX-2 mRNA mediated by the p38 MAPK cascade in IL-1-stimulated human synovial fibroblasts. We observed a rapid (5 min), massive (>30-fold), and sustained (>48 h) increase in COX-2 mRNA, protein, and PGE2 ...
Capping protein: new insights into mechanism
... C-terminal regions also decreased capping affinity by between 10- and 150-fold [22,23] (Figure 3a,b). The stability and global structure of the CP truncation and point mutants appeared unchanged [22,23], suggesting that the amino acids deleted and substituted are indeed functionally important for th ...
... C-terminal regions also decreased capping affinity by between 10- and 150-fold [22,23] (Figure 3a,b). The stability and global structure of the CP truncation and point mutants appeared unchanged [22,23], suggesting that the amino acids deleted and substituted are indeed functionally important for th ...
Actin Filaments Play a Critical Role in Vacuolar
... suggests that transiently expressed actin2[D13K] and actin2[D13Q] disrupt endogenous actin filaments. Approximately 46% of the protoplasts transformed with actin2[D13K] showed a diffuse staining pattern of GFP:talin (Figure 3B). The expression of the introduced actin2 proteins was confirmed by prote ...
... suggests that transiently expressed actin2[D13K] and actin2[D13Q] disrupt endogenous actin filaments. Approximately 46% of the protoplasts transformed with actin2[D13K] showed a diffuse staining pattern of GFP:talin (Figure 3B). The expression of the introduced actin2 proteins was confirmed by prote ...
Partial Purifiaction of β-1,3-glucan synthases and
... membrane bound granule in the cytosol of Euglena where most plant and fungal β-1,3-glucan synthases are cell membrane bound highly regulated multifunctional complexes, synthesizing β-1,3-glucan as cell wall components. Due to the novel granular nature of paramylon, expression in other systems with g ...
... membrane bound granule in the cytosol of Euglena where most plant and fungal β-1,3-glucan synthases are cell membrane bound highly regulated multifunctional complexes, synthesizing β-1,3-glucan as cell wall components. Due to the novel granular nature of paramylon, expression in other systems with g ...
what genetics tells us about the causes and mechanisms of
... have inherited the disease, a positive family history is associated with a high risk of PD. Through the study of rare large families with clearly Mendelian inherited parkinsonism (⬍10%), several causative genes have been identified, showing that mitochondrial or lysosomal dysfunctions, protein aggre ...
... have inherited the disease, a positive family history is associated with a high risk of PD. Through the study of rare large families with clearly Mendelian inherited parkinsonism (⬍10%), several causative genes have been identified, showing that mitochondrial or lysosomal dysfunctions, protein aggre ...
A storage form of ribosomes in mouse oocytes
... intact whole oocytes which were then used for making whole mount preparations or for of the beads averaged 212 A while the con embedding and sectioning. DNase had no nections between beads were approx. 1 25 A effect on the lattices, but they were readily in diameter. destroyed by either trypsin or ...
... intact whole oocytes which were then used for making whole mount preparations or for of the beads averaged 212 A while the con embedding and sectioning. DNase had no nections between beads were approx. 1 25 A effect on the lattices, but they were readily in diameter. destroyed by either trypsin or ...
Identification of proteins localized to the contractile vacuole of
... trafficking (Mayer et al. 1996; Weber et al. 1998). The membrane trafficking of transport vesicles delivers proteins, hormones, or neurotransmitters throughout the cell in all eukaryotes (Schekman and Orci 1996). N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and soluble NSF attachment protein (SNAP) are a ...
... trafficking (Mayer et al. 1996; Weber et al. 1998). The membrane trafficking of transport vesicles delivers proteins, hormones, or neurotransmitters throughout the cell in all eukaryotes (Schekman and Orci 1996). N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and soluble NSF attachment protein (SNAP) are a ...
Identification of a Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Determinant in
... the secretory pathway. In vitro studies have demonstrated that API targeting requires ATP, a functional vacuolar ATPase and a GTP-binding protein (Scott and Klionsky, 1996). An additional element essential to understanding cytoplasm to vacuole targeting is identification of the vacuole sorting deter ...
... the secretory pathway. In vitro studies have demonstrated that API targeting requires ATP, a functional vacuolar ATPase and a GTP-binding protein (Scott and Klionsky, 1996). An additional element essential to understanding cytoplasm to vacuole targeting is identification of the vacuole sorting deter ...
Complement Levels and Activity in the Normal and LPS - AJP-Lung
... by a group of at least 11 regulatory proteins that control complement activation by inhibiting formation of active complement complexes or by cleaving specific active complement protein fragments (Liszewski and Atkinson 1998). C1inhibitor, which inhibits classical pathway activation through interact ...
... by a group of at least 11 regulatory proteins that control complement activation by inhibiting formation of active complement complexes or by cleaving specific active complement protein fragments (Liszewski and Atkinson 1998). C1inhibitor, which inhibits classical pathway activation through interact ...
THE PHYSICAL NATURE OF F PLASMID TRAI AND
... conjugation. TraI is composed of a relaxase domain, ssDNA binding domain, helicase domain, and C-terminal domain. Some TraI mutants, created by the Traxler lab, have a 31 AA insertion (i31) in different domains that exhibit higher mating efficiencies than wild-type (WT) TraI. We used a live cell Seq ...
... conjugation. TraI is composed of a relaxase domain, ssDNA binding domain, helicase domain, and C-terminal domain. Some TraI mutants, created by the Traxler lab, have a 31 AA insertion (i31) in different domains that exhibit higher mating efficiencies than wild-type (WT) TraI. We used a live cell Seq ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... of Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 c Research School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Ox ...
... of Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 c Research School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Ox ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... of Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 c Research School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Ox ...
... of Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 c Research School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Ox ...
Protein kinase C- modulates mitochondrial function and active Na
... tubules (17). However, the role of PKC-⑀ in the renal dysfunction and repair after oxidant injury is completely unknown. Previously, we have shown that tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) treatment induces ⬃24% cell death and loss from the monolayer and sublethal injury to the remaining cells (32). The s ...
... tubules (17). However, the role of PKC-⑀ in the renal dysfunction and repair after oxidant injury is completely unknown. Previously, we have shown that tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) treatment induces ⬃24% cell death and loss from the monolayer and sublethal injury to the remaining cells (32). The s ...
The Plant Cell - Department of Biology
... KCBP with microtubules, the KCBP-induced bundling of microtubules, and the microtubule-dependent ATPase activity of KCBP are inhibited by CaM in a Ca 2-dependent manner (Song et al., 1997; Deavours et al., 1998; Narasimhulu and Reddy, 1998; Kao et al., 2000). Recently, a CaM binding kinesin (kinesi ...
... KCBP with microtubules, the KCBP-induced bundling of microtubules, and the microtubule-dependent ATPase activity of KCBP are inhibited by CaM in a Ca 2-dependent manner (Song et al., 1997; Deavours et al., 1998; Narasimhulu and Reddy, 1998; Kao et al., 2000). Recently, a CaM binding kinesin (kinesi ...
Mitochondrial translation factors of Trypanosoma brucei: elongation
... stems from work in yeast and mammals, which are quite closely related. To understand the conserved features of mitochondrial translation and the evolutionary forces that shaped it, it is important to study the process in a more diverse group of eukaryotes. The parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei ...
... stems from work in yeast and mammals, which are quite closely related. To understand the conserved features of mitochondrial translation and the evolutionary forces that shaped it, it is important to study the process in a more diverse group of eukaryotes. The parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei ...
Keeping the immune system in check: a role for mitophagy
... that aggregate in the matrix may cause PINK1 accumulation by either shutting down protein import or PINK1 proteolysis. Thus PINK1 is a molecular sensor of mitochondrial health, flagging only those mitochondria within the population that become dysfunctional for Parkin-mediated degradation. Mechanisms ...
... that aggregate in the matrix may cause PINK1 accumulation by either shutting down protein import or PINK1 proteolysis. Thus PINK1 is a molecular sensor of mitochondrial health, flagging only those mitochondria within the population that become dysfunctional for Parkin-mediated degradation. Mechanisms ...
pdf file - John Innes Centre
... pool. Furthermore under physiological conditions AmtB activity is required for GlnK deuridylylation. Hence the transporter is an integral part of the signal transduction cascade, and AmtB can be formally considered to act as an ammonium sensor. This system provides an exquisitely sensitive mechanism ...
... pool. Furthermore under physiological conditions AmtB activity is required for GlnK deuridylylation. Hence the transporter is an integral part of the signal transduction cascade, and AmtB can be formally considered to act as an ammonium sensor. This system provides an exquisitely sensitive mechanism ...
Antibody purification handbook
... each other by disulphide bonds. These disulphide bonds are located in a flexible region of the heavy chain known as the hinge, a region of approximately 12 amino acids that is exposed to enzymatic or chemical cleavage. Each globular region formed by the folding of the polypeptide chains as a result ...
... each other by disulphide bonds. These disulphide bonds are located in a flexible region of the heavy chain known as the hinge, a region of approximately 12 amino acids that is exposed to enzymatic or chemical cleavage. Each globular region formed by the folding of the polypeptide chains as a result ...
- Wiley Online Library
... nuclear serine/threonine kinase, phosphorylates p53 on Ser 46 in response to DNA damage [27,28]. HIPK2 cooperated with p53 through Ser 46 phosphorylation to trigger UV‑induced transcriptional upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes and apoptosis [27,28]. Furthermore, the importance of HIPK2 in cell fa ...
... nuclear serine/threonine kinase, phosphorylates p53 on Ser 46 in response to DNA damage [27,28]. HIPK2 cooperated with p53 through Ser 46 phosphorylation to trigger UV‑induced transcriptional upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes and apoptosis [27,28]. Furthermore, the importance of HIPK2 in cell fa ...
Signals from the lysosome: a control centre for cellular clearance
... processes. Lysosomes are involved in the degradation and recycling of intracellular material (via autophagy) and extracellular material (via endocytosis). In these processes, lysosomes fuse with autophagosomes and with late endosomes, respectively. The resulting breakdown products are used to gener ...
... processes. Lysosomes are involved in the degradation and recycling of intracellular material (via autophagy) and extracellular material (via endocytosis). In these processes, lysosomes fuse with autophagosomes and with late endosomes, respectively. The resulting breakdown products are used to gener ...
Direct interaction of iron-regulated surface
... clumping factors A and B (ClfA and ClfB), and the bifunctional fibronectin-fibrinogen binding proteins FnBPA and FnBPB (Fitzgerald et al., 2006b; Loughman et al., 2005; Miajlovic et al., 2007). Recent studies have shown that, under high shear rates such as those seen in small arteries and arterioles ...
... clumping factors A and B (ClfA and ClfB), and the bifunctional fibronectin-fibrinogen binding proteins FnBPA and FnBPB (Fitzgerald et al., 2006b; Loughman et al., 2005; Miajlovic et al., 2007). Recent studies have shown that, under high shear rates such as those seen in small arteries and arterioles ...
The role of c-di-GMP signaling in an Aeromonas veronii biovar
... screening system (PhP-AE), which is based on the kinetics of fermentation of 11 reagents especially selected to discriminate between individual Aeromonas strains (Möllby et al., 1993; Kuhn et al., 1997). The isolates were distributed over a large number of common (192) and single PhP types. Eightee ...
... screening system (PhP-AE), which is based on the kinetics of fermentation of 11 reagents especially selected to discriminate between individual Aeromonas strains (Möllby et al., 1993; Kuhn et al., 1997). The isolates were distributed over a large number of common (192) and single PhP types. Eightee ...
p62/SQSTM1 Binds Directly to Atg8/LC3 to Facilitate Degradation of
... events with endosomes and/or lysosomes forming structures called amphisomes and autolysosomes, respectively (3–5). Autophagy is thought to be mainly a nonselective, bulk degradation pathway responsible for degradation of the majority of long lived proteins and some organelles. Two evolutionarily con ...
... events with endosomes and/or lysosomes forming structures called amphisomes and autolysosomes, respectively (3–5). Autophagy is thought to be mainly a nonselective, bulk degradation pathway responsible for degradation of the majority of long lived proteins and some organelles. Two evolutionarily con ...
Differential Regulation of Skeletal Muscle
... of the DIA. Sepsis also triggered significant increase in the mRNA expression of two muscle-specific E3 ligases involved in protein ubiquitination (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1). The relative induction of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA expression was stronger in the TA compared to the DIA. Sepsis was also associat ...
... of the DIA. Sepsis also triggered significant increase in the mRNA expression of two muscle-specific E3 ligases involved in protein ubiquitination (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1). The relative induction of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA expression was stronger in the TA compared to the DIA. Sepsis was also associat ...
Glycolytic Enzymes Associate Dynamically with
... addition of KCN, an inhibitor of complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (Villani and Attardi, 2007), or increased by the addition of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a proton ionophore that uncouples mitochondrial electron transport from ATP synthesis (Felle and Bentrup, 1 ...
... addition of KCN, an inhibitor of complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (Villani and Attardi, 2007), or increased by the addition of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a proton ionophore that uncouples mitochondrial electron transport from ATP synthesis (Felle and Bentrup, 1 ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.