The Drosophila Sec7 domain guanine nucleotide exchange factor
... (Kraut et al., 2001) encodes a GEF for ARF family G-proteins involved in vesicle trafficking (Fig. 2). garz is a member of a conserved family of ARF-GEFs with homologs in humans (GBF1; 43% identity) (Claude et al., 1999), Caenorhabditis elegans (GBF1; 34% identity; WormBase), Arabidopsis thaliana (G ...
... (Kraut et al., 2001) encodes a GEF for ARF family G-proteins involved in vesicle trafficking (Fig. 2). garz is a member of a conserved family of ARF-GEFs with homologs in humans (GBF1; 43% identity) (Claude et al., 1999), Caenorhabditis elegans (GBF1; 34% identity; WormBase), Arabidopsis thaliana (G ...
The Role of the N-Terminal Domains of Bacterial Initiator DnaA in
... However, in contrast to the last two, which are unable to melt DNA, only DnaA unwinds DNA and recruits other replisome proteins, especially the replicative helicase DnaB, to the newly formed single-stranded replication eye [7,8]. The DnaA protein and oriC are also the main factors controlling the as ...
... However, in contrast to the last two, which are unable to melt DNA, only DnaA unwinds DNA and recruits other replisome proteins, especially the replicative helicase DnaB, to the newly formed single-stranded replication eye [7,8]. The DnaA protein and oriC are also the main factors controlling the as ...
Live Imaging of Drosophila Brain Neuroblasts Reveals a Role for
... Lis1 is required for nuclear migration in fungi, cell cycle progression in mammals, and the formation of a folded cerebral cortex in humans. Lis1 binds dynactin and the dynein motor complex, but the role of Lis1 in many dynein/dynactindependent processes is not clearly understood. Here we generate a ...
... Lis1 is required for nuclear migration in fungi, cell cycle progression in mammals, and the formation of a folded cerebral cortex in humans. Lis1 binds dynactin and the dynein motor complex, but the role of Lis1 in many dynein/dynactindependent processes is not clearly understood. Here we generate a ...
Cell Calcium Viral calciomics: Interplays between Ca2+ and virus
... patterning of Ca2+ signaling allows for control of cellular processes by modulating the activity of a repertoire of signaling components, including receptors, ion channels, pumps, exchangers, Ca2+ buffers, Ca2+ effectors, Ca2+ -sensitive enzymes and transcriptional factors, in a number of cell compa ...
... patterning of Ca2+ signaling allows for control of cellular processes by modulating the activity of a repertoire of signaling components, including receptors, ion channels, pumps, exchangers, Ca2+ buffers, Ca2+ effectors, Ca2+ -sensitive enzymes and transcriptional factors, in a number of cell compa ...
Receptor-regulated Dynamic S-Nitrosylation of Endothelial Nitric
... The two fragments were then mixed, and the final product was amplified using the EcoRI and BglII primers. The primer sequences for PCR-directed mutagenesis of eNOS Cys96 to Ser were: forward, 5⬘-GGCCCAGCACTCCCAGGTGCTGCCTGGG-3⬘; reverse, 5⬘-CCCAGGCAGCACCTGGGAGTGCTGGGCC-3⬘. For mutagenesis of eNOS Cys ...
... The two fragments were then mixed, and the final product was amplified using the EcoRI and BglII primers. The primer sequences for PCR-directed mutagenesis of eNOS Cys96 to Ser were: forward, 5⬘-GGCCCAGCACTCCCAGGTGCTGCCTGGG-3⬘; reverse, 5⬘-CCCAGGCAGCACCTGGGAGTGCTGGGCC-3⬘. For mutagenesis of eNOS Cys ...
Isolation and characterization of the Pin1/Ess1p homologue in
... is required for cell cycle progression (Lu et al., 1996; Rippmann et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2000). Depletion of Pin1 activity in human tumor cells and deletion of ESS1 in S. cerevisiae result in mitotic arrest (Lu et al., 1996; Rippmann et al., 2000). A Pin1 mutant lacking PPIase activity fails to co ...
... is required for cell cycle progression (Lu et al., 1996; Rippmann et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2000). Depletion of Pin1 activity in human tumor cells and deletion of ESS1 in S. cerevisiae result in mitotic arrest (Lu et al., 1996; Rippmann et al., 2000). A Pin1 mutant lacking PPIase activity fails to co ...
The PINK1 p.I368N mutation affects protein stability and ubiquitin
... Background: Mutations in PINK1 and PARKIN are the most common causes of recessive early-onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD). Together, the mitochondrial ubiquitin (Ub) kinase PINK1 and the cytosolic E3 Ub ligase PARKIN direct a complex regulated, sequential mitochondrial quality control. Thereby, damag ...
... Background: Mutations in PINK1 and PARKIN are the most common causes of recessive early-onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD). Together, the mitochondrial ubiquitin (Ub) kinase PINK1 and the cytosolic E3 Ub ligase PARKIN direct a complex regulated, sequential mitochondrial quality control. Thereby, damag ...
Chromatin Association of Gcn4 Is Limited by Post
... contact between their activation domains and specific GTF components, either directly, through co-activators, or through the Mediator complex (Thomas and Chiang 2006; Hahn and Young 2011). DNA binding is critical for TF function, as unbound activation domains lack functionality, and hybrid TFs, gene ...
... contact between their activation domains and specific GTF components, either directly, through co-activators, or through the Mediator complex (Thomas and Chiang 2006; Hahn and Young 2011). DNA binding is critical for TF function, as unbound activation domains lack functionality, and hybrid TFs, gene ...
Schubert, C. M., R. Lin, C. J. de Vries, R. H. A.
... sperm entry appears to define the posterior pole of the C. elegans embryo. After fertilization, the proteins PAR-1 and PAR-2 localize to the posterior cortex of the embryo (Guo and Kemphues, 1995; Boyd et al., 1996) and PAR-3, PKC-3, and PAR-6 localize to the anterior cortex (Etemad-Moghadam et al., ...
... sperm entry appears to define the posterior pole of the C. elegans embryo. After fertilization, the proteins PAR-1 and PAR-2 localize to the posterior cortex of the embryo (Guo and Kemphues, 1995; Boyd et al., 1996) and PAR-3, PKC-3, and PAR-6 localize to the anterior cortex (Etemad-Moghadam et al., ...
The G-protein regulator LGN modulates the activity of the NO
... of both subunits are necessary and sufficient to form a functional catalytic site with low cGMP-forming activity [5]. The binding of NO to the ferrous haem group located in the N-terminal domain of the β1 subunit activates cGMP catalysis several-hundred-fold [6]. Such a strong activation results in ...
... of both subunits are necessary and sufficient to form a functional catalytic site with low cGMP-forming activity [5]. The binding of NO to the ferrous haem group located in the N-terminal domain of the β1 subunit activates cGMP catalysis several-hundred-fold [6]. Such a strong activation results in ...
FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE DIRECT PHYSICAL CBP/p300
... T-lineage cells in the bone marrow and blood, accounts for seventy-five percent of childhood leukemias. While the current five year survival rate for pediatric ALL is approximately eighty-percent, due to improved treatment protocols developed over the last thirty years, ALL still represents the lead ...
... T-lineage cells in the bone marrow and blood, accounts for seventy-five percent of childhood leukemias. While the current five year survival rate for pediatric ALL is approximately eighty-percent, due to improved treatment protocols developed over the last thirty years, ALL still represents the lead ...
Protein phosphatase 1 down regulates ZYG
... specialization has been identified [24]. C. elegans has four PP1 catalytic subunits: a single broadlyexpressed PP1β homolog, GSP-1, and three PP1α homologs, GSP-2, which is also widely expressed, and GSP-3 and GSP-4, whose expression is limited to the male germ ...
... specialization has been identified [24]. C. elegans has four PP1 catalytic subunits: a single broadlyexpressed PP1β homolog, GSP-1, and three PP1α homologs, GSP-2, which is also widely expressed, and GSP-3 and GSP-4, whose expression is limited to the male germ ...
Mechanisms of cross-talk between G-protein
... established that Ca2+ signalling by many Gα i -coupled receptors is via Gβγ -mediated activation of PLCβ [11–15]. The four identified PLCβ isoforms can be stimulated by Gβγ subunits [16,17], but there are marked differences in their sensitivities [16]. Thus the expression profile of PLCβ isoforms wi ...
... established that Ca2+ signalling by many Gα i -coupled receptors is via Gβγ -mediated activation of PLCβ [11–15]. The four identified PLCβ isoforms can be stimulated by Gβγ subunits [16,17], but there are marked differences in their sensitivities [16]. Thus the expression profile of PLCβ isoforms wi ...
Organization of Physical Interactomes as
... find that emergent Pfam pair schemas are enriched in homotypic annotations as compared to all Pfam pair schemas in the interactome (18.5% vs. 5.8%). We also uncover S. cerevisiae emergent pair schemas using a hand-chosen set of GO molecular function annotations (Figure 2B and Tables S1 and S6). As w ...
... find that emergent Pfam pair schemas are enriched in homotypic annotations as compared to all Pfam pair schemas in the interactome (18.5% vs. 5.8%). We also uncover S. cerevisiae emergent pair schemas using a hand-chosen set of GO molecular function annotations (Figure 2B and Tables S1 and S6). As w ...
Dynamic modification of the ETS transcription factor PEA3 by
... ABSTRACT Transcription factor activity is often controlled through the dynamic use of post-translational modifications. Two such modifications are acetylation and sumoylation, which both occur on lysine residues, providing the opportunity for cross-talk at the molecular level. Here, we focussed on t ...
... ABSTRACT Transcription factor activity is often controlled through the dynamic use of post-translational modifications. Two such modifications are acetylation and sumoylation, which both occur on lysine residues, providing the opportunity for cross-talk at the molecular level. Here, we focussed on t ...
Identification of a C-terminal Poly(A)-binding Protein (PABP)
... sufficient to confer viability to cells depleted of the normal PABP gene (11). In Xenopus oocytes, RRMs can stimulate translation when tethered to reporter mRNA (18). As to the C terminus, although it does not bind RNA, it enables PABP to multimerize on poly(A) (12). Recently it was shown to include ...
... sufficient to confer viability to cells depleted of the normal PABP gene (11). In Xenopus oocytes, RRMs can stimulate translation when tethered to reporter mRNA (18). As to the C terminus, although it does not bind RNA, it enables PABP to multimerize on poly(A) (12). Recently it was shown to include ...
CBP/p300 in cell growth, transformation, and development Richard
... AP-1. p53 has also been shown to bind to the first zinc ...
... AP-1. p53 has also been shown to bind to the first zinc ...
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... cooperation of several different signaling pathways (de Celis et al., 1996; Sotillos and De Celis, 2005), the development of CVs relies almost entirely on BMP signaling, and has thus served as a sensitive readout for functional assays of proteins that modulate pathway activity. dpp mRNA is expressed ...
... cooperation of several different signaling pathways (de Celis et al., 1996; Sotillos and De Celis, 2005), the development of CVs relies almost entirely on BMP signaling, and has thus served as a sensitive readout for functional assays of proteins that modulate pathway activity. dpp mRNA is expressed ...
A low-molecular-mass protein from Methylococcus
... that the FDH may be associated with bound formaldehyde following enzyme isolation and that NAD may also be associated with the enzyme but in a form that is less tightly bound than found with the methanol dehydrogenase from Bacillus methanolicus. Data are presented which indicate that the modifin may ...
... that the FDH may be associated with bound formaldehyde following enzyme isolation and that NAD may also be associated with the enzyme but in a form that is less tightly bound than found with the methanol dehydrogenase from Bacillus methanolicus. Data are presented which indicate that the modifin may ...
Sucrose metabolism: regulatory mechanisms and pivotal roles in
... these conditions is indicated by the capacity of wildtype plants but not sucrose-synthase-deficient mutants to survive flooding [56,57]. Under pronounced low-oxygen conditions, sucrose synthase responds rapidly to early rises in cytosolic Ca2þ [31,50] and can support considerable biosynthesis (of ce ...
... these conditions is indicated by the capacity of wildtype plants but not sucrose-synthase-deficient mutants to survive flooding [56,57]. Under pronounced low-oxygen conditions, sucrose synthase responds rapidly to early rises in cytosolic Ca2þ [31,50] and can support considerable biosynthesis (of ce ...
Toxoplasma gondii Chitinase Induces Macrophage Activation
... (Km; 0.34 mM) indicated that this chitinase has higher affinity for the substrate than chitinases previously identified in T. cruzi (1.5 mM), Clostridium paraputrificum (7.9 mM), and Trichoderma harzianum (8.06 mM) (Table 1). Although few other chitinases from microorganisms have been described (Tab ...
... (Km; 0.34 mM) indicated that this chitinase has higher affinity for the substrate than chitinases previously identified in T. cruzi (1.5 mM), Clostridium paraputrificum (7.9 mM), and Trichoderma harzianum (8.06 mM) (Table 1). Although few other chitinases from microorganisms have been described (Tab ...
Identification of a Nuclear Export Signal in the Catalytic Subunit of
... Monitoring Editor: Ramanujan S. Hegde ...
... Monitoring Editor: Ramanujan S. Hegde ...
Barley Aleurone Cells Contain Two Types of
... Figures 1B and 1F, they are out of the plane of focus. The characteristics of the barley aleurone protein storage vacuole have been described previously (Jacobsen et al., 1971; Fernandez and Staehelin, 1985; Bush et al., 1986). Protein storage vacuoles are the predominant organelle of barley aleuron ...
... Figures 1B and 1F, they are out of the plane of focus. The characteristics of the barley aleurone protein storage vacuole have been described previously (Jacobsen et al., 1971; Fernandez and Staehelin, 1985; Bush et al., 1986). Protein storage vacuoles are the predominant organelle of barley aleuron ...
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson`s disease
... PINK1, and DJ-1 mediate autosomal recessive PD. Sporadic and monogenic forms share important clinical, pathological and biochemical features, notably the progressive demise of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Therefore, insight into the function and dysfunction of PD-associated gene pro ...
... PINK1, and DJ-1 mediate autosomal recessive PD. Sporadic and monogenic forms share important clinical, pathological and biochemical features, notably the progressive demise of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Therefore, insight into the function and dysfunction of PD-associated gene pro ...
Ribosomal Stalk Protein L12: Structure, Function and
... ribosome i.e. mRNA decoding and peptide bond formation are driven by rRNA. In each ribosomal subunit rRNA makes the back bone or the core to which the r-proteins attach. The r-proteins often have distinct functions, yet in general, they play an important role in maintenance of the structural integri ...
... ribosome i.e. mRNA decoding and peptide bond formation are driven by rRNA. In each ribosomal subunit rRNA makes the back bone or the core to which the r-proteins attach. The r-proteins often have distinct functions, yet in general, they play an important role in maintenance of the structural integri ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.