Characterization of the Nucleolar Gene Product, Treacle, in Treacher Collins Syndrome
... caused by mutations in the gene TCOF1. Its gene product, treacle, consists mainly of a central repeat domain, which shows it to be structurally related to the nucleolar phosphoprotein Nopp140. Treacle remains mostly uncharacterized to date. Herein we show that it, like Nopp140, is a highly phosphory ...
... caused by mutations in the gene TCOF1. Its gene product, treacle, consists mainly of a central repeat domain, which shows it to be structurally related to the nucleolar phosphoprotein Nopp140. Treacle remains mostly uncharacterized to date. Herein we show that it, like Nopp140, is a highly phosphory ...
PapD-like chaperones and pilus biogenesis
... have all been solved.25 ᎐ 28 The chaperone consists of two immunoglobulin-like ŽIg. domains oriented in an L-shape to form a cleft between them. The apo and complexed forms of the chaperone are virtually superimposable, with the exception of the F1 ᎐G1 loop, as discussed below. The FimH adhesin cons ...
... have all been solved.25 ᎐ 28 The chaperone consists of two immunoglobulin-like ŽIg. domains oriented in an L-shape to form a cleft between them. The apo and complexed forms of the chaperone are virtually superimposable, with the exception of the F1 ᎐G1 loop, as discussed below. The FimH adhesin cons ...
Investigation of Factors Affecting Opalescence and Phase
... to interact with each other resulting in several formulation challenges including high viscosity, formation of reversible and/or irreversible aggregates, solubility, opalescence and phase transitions.6-10 These challenges become more exaggerated in DVD-IgTM protein solutions since these molecules ar ...
... to interact with each other resulting in several formulation challenges including high viscosity, formation of reversible and/or irreversible aggregates, solubility, opalescence and phase transitions.6-10 These challenges become more exaggerated in DVD-IgTM protein solutions since these molecules ar ...
Identification and analysis of new phloem proteins from
... The organelles that can be found in mature SE (mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum) appear to be anchored to a membrane system that probably also protects some of the SE proteins from the bulk flow (Ehlers et al., 2000). The ER in SE is modified and is proposed to function as a rail system ...
... The organelles that can be found in mature SE (mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum) appear to be anchored to a membrane system that probably also protects some of the SE proteins from the bulk flow (Ehlers et al., 2000). The ER in SE is modified and is proposed to function as a rail system ...
Coordination of microtubule and microfilament dynamics by
... the regulation of ooplasmic streaming by staining oocytes with an antibody specific to the detyrosinated form of !-tubulin (Glu-!-tubulin) that outlines stable microtubules. In wildtype oocytes, Glu-microtubules are restricted to the cortex, and are relatively less abundant at the posterior pole, m ...
... the regulation of ooplasmic streaming by staining oocytes with an antibody specific to the detyrosinated form of !-tubulin (Glu-!-tubulin) that outlines stable microtubules. In wildtype oocytes, Glu-microtubules are restricted to the cortex, and are relatively less abundant at the posterior pole, m ...
Roles of Arabidopsis PARC6 in Coordination of
... assembly and constriction of these rings in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) are coordinated partly through the inner envelope membrane protein ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS6 (ARC6). Previously, we showed that PARC6 (PARALOG OF ARC6), also in the inner envelope membrane, negatively ...
... assembly and constriction of these rings in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) are coordinated partly through the inner envelope membrane protein ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS6 (ARC6). Previously, we showed that PARC6 (PARALOG OF ARC6), also in the inner envelope membrane, negatively ...
View PDF - Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... tissue from the same animal since all tissues within an animal are, with a few exceptions, genetically identical and at the same age. In our experiments, SHH protein levels were compared between limb buds within the same embryo, thus eliminating potential issues regarding the age of the two samples ...
... tissue from the same animal since all tissues within an animal are, with a few exceptions, genetically identical and at the same age. In our experiments, SHH protein levels were compared between limb buds within the same embryo, thus eliminating potential issues regarding the age of the two samples ...
Regulation of axon growth by the JIP1–AKT axis
... Received 20 June 2013; Accepted 14 October 2013 ...
... Received 20 June 2013; Accepted 14 October 2013 ...
The Differential Degradation of Two Cytosolic Proteins As a Tool to
... 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 5 min after flushing the blood with PBS for 30 s. The liver was postfixed in the same mixture for 3 h. Hepatocytes were fixed in 2% glutaraldebyde for 1 h and embedded in 10% gelatin (l~ters et al., 1991). Sometimes cells were broken mechanically and incuba ...
... 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 5 min after flushing the blood with PBS for 30 s. The liver was postfixed in the same mixture for 3 h. Hepatocytes were fixed in 2% glutaraldebyde for 1 h and embedded in 10% gelatin (l~ters et al., 1991). Sometimes cells were broken mechanically and incuba ...
Outer Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Export of
... loss of fluid and electrolytes. The non-capsulated O1 and the encapsulated O139 are known to cause the cholera disease among over 200 serogroups identified [1,2]. V. cholerae is a free-living natural inhabitant of estuarine and coastal waters throughout world. This bacterium can survive in condition ...
... loss of fluid and electrolytes. The non-capsulated O1 and the encapsulated O139 are known to cause the cholera disease among over 200 serogroups identified [1,2]. V. cholerae is a free-living natural inhabitant of estuarine and coastal waters throughout world. This bacterium can survive in condition ...
Selective and differential interactions of BNN27
... Fig. 1. BNN27 specifically binds to TrkA receptor. (A) Competition binding assays of [3H]-DHEA in the presence of increasing concentrations of BNN27 using membranes isolated from HEK293 cells transfected with cDNAs of TrkA or TrkB or TrkC receptors. Ki represents the mean ± SEM, n ¼ 6 experiments. Ri ...
... Fig. 1. BNN27 specifically binds to TrkA receptor. (A) Competition binding assays of [3H]-DHEA in the presence of increasing concentrations of BNN27 using membranes isolated from HEK293 cells transfected with cDNAs of TrkA or TrkB or TrkC receptors. Ki represents the mean ± SEM, n ¼ 6 experiments. Ri ...
Development, structure, and maintenance of C
... et al., 1992; Chen et al., 1994). These observations suggest that hlh-1 is important for development but not essential for myogenic differentiation, and that one or more other factors are involved in muscle differentiation. Ectopic expression experiments revealed that HLH-1 is a potent myogenic fact ...
... et al., 1992; Chen et al., 1994). These observations suggest that hlh-1 is important for development but not essential for myogenic differentiation, and that one or more other factors are involved in muscle differentiation. Ectopic expression experiments revealed that HLH-1 is a potent myogenic fact ...
Stimulation Do Not Alter TTP Function Protein Kinase and
... the rate of mRNA turnover. Additionally, TTP regulates its expression in a posttranscriptional manner binding to an ARE (defined by nUAUUUAUn sequences) in its own 3⬘-UTR (6, 7). Although TTP is a phosphoprotein reported to be a substrate for multiple kinases including ERK, JNK, p38, and MAPKAP kina ...
... the rate of mRNA turnover. Additionally, TTP regulates its expression in a posttranscriptional manner binding to an ARE (defined by nUAUUUAUn sequences) in its own 3⬘-UTR (6, 7). Although TTP is a phosphoprotein reported to be a substrate for multiple kinases including ERK, JNK, p38, and MAPKAP kina ...
Calcium: silver bullet in signaling
... stimulates Ca2 + uptake into nuclei and studies implicate CaM involvement in this uptake process [67]. Currently, little is known about the participation of nuclear Ca2 + stores in increasing cytosolic Ca2 + and vice versa. Ca2 + uptake studies with isolated plant nuclei have shown that the transpor ...
... stimulates Ca2 + uptake into nuclei and studies implicate CaM involvement in this uptake process [67]. Currently, little is known about the participation of nuclear Ca2 + stores in increasing cytosolic Ca2 + and vice versa. Ca2 + uptake studies with isolated plant nuclei have shown that the transpor ...
Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling by
... and SOCS5 stability. By contrast, the impact of EGFR activation on the RALT half-life has not yet been determined. In summary, these data, although still fragmentary, suggest that transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanisms confine the expression of IFIs to a window of a few hours, w ...
... and SOCS5 stability. By contrast, the impact of EGFR activation on the RALT half-life has not yet been determined. In summary, these data, although still fragmentary, suggest that transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanisms confine the expression of IFIs to a window of a few hours, w ...
Mitochondrial Dynamics
... history of the organelle. Mitochondria are descended from a-proteobacteria (Zimmer 2009; see also Chap. 1), and studies of extant species, such as Escherichia coli, show that cytokinesis is carried out by proteins such as filamentous temperaturesensitive Z (FtsZ), a bacterial tubulin homologue (Bi a ...
... history of the organelle. Mitochondria are descended from a-proteobacteria (Zimmer 2009; see also Chap. 1), and studies of extant species, such as Escherichia coli, show that cytokinesis is carried out by proteins such as filamentous temperaturesensitive Z (FtsZ), a bacterial tubulin homologue (Bi a ...
Selenocysteine insertion directed by the 3′
... selenoprotein diversity. In eukaryotes and archaea, this problem is addressed by having SECIS elements in 30 UTRs. The 30 -UTR location of SECIS elements also has additional advantages, such as (i) the processivity of Sec insertion. 30 -UTR SECIS elements can stably bind SECIS binding proteins (20), ...
... selenoprotein diversity. In eukaryotes and archaea, this problem is addressed by having SECIS elements in 30 UTRs. The 30 -UTR location of SECIS elements also has additional advantages, such as (i) the processivity of Sec insertion. 30 -UTR SECIS elements can stably bind SECIS binding proteins (20), ...
In Vitro Assays Demonstrate That Pollen Tube Organelles Use
... Moscatelli et al., 1998). More recently, a 90-kD kinesinrelated protein (90-kD ATP–microtubule-associated protein [ATP-MAP]) showing motor activity was found in association with organelles and microtubules in the cortical region of pollen tubes (Cai et al., 2000), which suggested that the 90kD motor ...
... Moscatelli et al., 1998). More recently, a 90-kD kinesinrelated protein (90-kD ATP–microtubule-associated protein [ATP-MAP]) showing motor activity was found in association with organelles and microtubules in the cortical region of pollen tubes (Cai et al., 2000), which suggested that the 90kD motor ...
The Spemann Organizer Signal noggin Binds and
... 1 mg/ml of a Xenopus gastrula extract as nonspecific competitor (Figure 2). Beads were washed and analyzed by Western blot for myc immunoreactivity. BMP4-myc was observed to associate with noggin-coated beads but not mock-coupled beads. Use of either gastrula extract or bovine serum albumin (BSA) at ...
... 1 mg/ml of a Xenopus gastrula extract as nonspecific competitor (Figure 2). Beads were washed and analyzed by Western blot for myc immunoreactivity. BMP4-myc was observed to associate with noggin-coated beads but not mock-coupled beads. Use of either gastrula extract or bovine serum albumin (BSA) at ...
C. elegans and volatile anesthetics
... used in patients, although the relative order of their potency is nearly identical to that seen in humans. In this assay, the Meyer-Overton relationship holds true for a range of lipid solubilities that varies by nearly 4 orders of magnitude. Mutations affecting immobility in anesthetics identified ...
... used in patients, although the relative order of their potency is nearly identical to that seen in humans. In this assay, the Meyer-Overton relationship holds true for a range of lipid solubilities that varies by nearly 4 orders of magnitude. Mutations affecting immobility in anesthetics identified ...
Presequence-Independent Manner Transported by the TIM23
... a result of MPV17 loss of function, respiration and other mitochondrial activities are dramatically reduced in tissues (69). Patients with MDDS display liver failure, hypoglycemia, growth retardation, and neuronal disorders within the first year of their life. The molecular functions of MPV17 and it ...
... a result of MPV17 loss of function, respiration and other mitochondrial activities are dramatically reduced in tissues (69). Patients with MDDS display liver failure, hypoglycemia, growth retardation, and neuronal disorders within the first year of their life. The molecular functions of MPV17 and it ...
Deep Insight Section Mechanisms and regulation of autophagy in mammalian cells
... phosphorylation of Beclin 1 by Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) also triggers the dissociation of Bcl-2 from Beclin 1. Not shown in the Figure, BH3-containing proteins can dissociate the Beclin 1:Bcl-2 interaction by competing with the Beclin 1 BH3 domain independently of the modification of t ...
... phosphorylation of Beclin 1 by Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) also triggers the dissociation of Bcl-2 from Beclin 1. Not shown in the Figure, BH3-containing proteins can dissociate the Beclin 1:Bcl-2 interaction by competing with the Beclin 1 BH3 domain independently of the modification of t ...
Minireview: Lipid Droplets in Lipogenesis and Lipolysis
... adipose tissue, in addition to its role as an endocrine organ, is specialized for storage and retrieval of energy in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG), but all eukaryotic cells, and even prokaryotes, are able to store limited amounts of lipid intracellularly in structures most commonly referred to a ...
... adipose tissue, in addition to its role as an endocrine organ, is specialized for storage and retrieval of energy in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG), but all eukaryotic cells, and even prokaryotes, are able to store limited amounts of lipid intracellularly in structures most commonly referred to a ...
REVIEWS - Unisciel
... of Z-line titin contain a binding site for telethonin (also known as T-cap), which is a small protein that is involved in cellular signalling mechanisms 24,30. Adjacent to the telethonin/T-cap site, there is a differentially spliced unique sequence that has a repeated motif of ~45 residues. These ‘Z ...
... of Z-line titin contain a binding site for telethonin (also known as T-cap), which is a small protein that is involved in cellular signalling mechanisms 24,30. Adjacent to the telethonin/T-cap site, there is a differentially spliced unique sequence that has a repeated motif of ~45 residues. These ‘Z ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.