Sanguinarine (Pseudochelerythrine) Is a Potent Inhibitor of NF
... mM. The IC50 of sanguinarine for the inhibition of TNF-dependent NF-kB was calculated to be approximately 3 mM (data not shown). Sanguinarine by itself did not activate NF-kB at 1, 10, 20, and 50 mM concentrations; however, a very low but reproducible activation of NF-kB was observed at 2 and 5 mM ( ...
... mM. The IC50 of sanguinarine for the inhibition of TNF-dependent NF-kB was calculated to be approximately 3 mM (data not shown). Sanguinarine by itself did not activate NF-kB at 1, 10, 20, and 50 mM concentrations; however, a very low but reproducible activation of NF-kB was observed at 2 and 5 mM ( ...
PKC regulates the hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes through
... sufficient functions of selected PKC isozymes in regulating hypertrophic growth. Western blotting was performed from AdPKC-, AdPKCII-, AdPKC-, or AdPKC-infected cardiomyocytes to verify the integrity of each PKC isozyme– encoding adenovirus, to quantify overexpression levels, and to evaluate ant ...
... sufficient functions of selected PKC isozymes in regulating hypertrophic growth. Western blotting was performed from AdPKC-, AdPKCII-, AdPKC-, or AdPKC-infected cardiomyocytes to verify the integrity of each PKC isozyme– encoding adenovirus, to quantify overexpression levels, and to evaluate ant ...
Damage response of XRCC1 at sites of DNA single strand breaks is
... cannot repair; pAR localized with CPD at sites of SSBs (Fig. 1C). X1w/oBII dissociated from damage faster and X1 pm was retained at sites of damage longer than full-length XRCC1 (Fig. 1C). pAR could not be detected 10 minutes after UVC irradiation nor could XRCC1BII, supporting the observation that ...
... cannot repair; pAR localized with CPD at sites of SSBs (Fig. 1C). X1w/oBII dissociated from damage faster and X1 pm was retained at sites of damage longer than full-length XRCC1 (Fig. 1C). pAR could not be detected 10 minutes after UVC irradiation nor could XRCC1BII, supporting the observation that ...
mexCD-oprJ aeruginosa
... aeruginosa, mexCD-oprJ is induced by membrane-damaging agents such as detergents and the biocide chlorhexidine (CHX), which perturb the cell envelope. Induction of mexCD-oprJ by membrane-damaging agents requires the envelope stress sigma factor AlgU, an indication that MexCD-OprJ is a component of t ...
... aeruginosa, mexCD-oprJ is induced by membrane-damaging agents such as detergents and the biocide chlorhexidine (CHX), which perturb the cell envelope. Induction of mexCD-oprJ by membrane-damaging agents requires the envelope stress sigma factor AlgU, an indication that MexCD-OprJ is a component of t ...
Spotlight on the microbes that produce heat shock protein 90
... drug development [20,32]. However, in this review, we focus solely on the benzoquinone ansamycins and the fungal-derived resorcyclic acid lactones (RALs), because these are the natural inhibitors where high-resolution crystal structures have revealed in atomic detail the interactions made as they bi ...
... drug development [20,32]. However, in this review, we focus solely on the benzoquinone ansamycins and the fungal-derived resorcyclic acid lactones (RALs), because these are the natural inhibitors where high-resolution crystal structures have revealed in atomic detail the interactions made as they bi ...
Endoplasmic reticulum localization of the low density lipoprotein
... from the circulation. In addition, there is a paradoxical oversecretion of the metabolic precursor of LDL, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). We recently demonstrated that the LDLR mediates presecretory degradation of the major VLDL protein, apolipoprotein B (apoB). Kinetic studies suggested that ...
... from the circulation. In addition, there is a paradoxical oversecretion of the metabolic precursor of LDL, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). We recently demonstrated that the LDLR mediates presecretory degradation of the major VLDL protein, apolipoprotein B (apoB). Kinetic studies suggested that ...
Structural differences in two biochemically-defined
... mitochondria not previously reported by TEM. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria have predominantly lamelliform cristae, whereas interfibrillar organelles have cristae that mainly are tubular or that have a mixture of tubular and lamellar ones. Our study indicates that isolated SSM retain, to a large extent ...
... mitochondria not previously reported by TEM. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria have predominantly lamelliform cristae, whereas interfibrillar organelles have cristae that mainly are tubular or that have a mixture of tubular and lamellar ones. Our study indicates that isolated SSM retain, to a large extent ...
Prions as protein-based genetic elements. - Lindquist Lab
... The four fungal prions, particularly [PSI+] and [URE3], share many characteristics (Figure 4) that are widely cited as criteria to identify novel prions. Indeed, these criteria led to the identification of other prion elements (133, 147) and undoubtedly will lead to the discovery of more. There are ...
... The four fungal prions, particularly [PSI+] and [URE3], share many characteristics (Figure 4) that are widely cited as criteria to identify novel prions. Indeed, these criteria led to the identification of other prion elements (133, 147) and undoubtedly will lead to the discovery of more. There are ...
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... The chromatin environment at origins thus has a large impact on origin licensing. Post-translational histone modifications, such as methylation and acetylation, can greatly affect DNA accessibility which may facilitate ORC binding, MCM loading, and/or origin firing. In addition, at S. cerevisiae ori ...
... The chromatin environment at origins thus has a large impact on origin licensing. Post-translational histone modifications, such as methylation and acetylation, can greatly affect DNA accessibility which may facilitate ORC binding, MCM loading, and/or origin firing. In addition, at S. cerevisiae ori ...
TEF30 interacts with photosystem II monomers and is involved in the
... thylakoid enriched fraction 30) in Chlamydomonas. In this organism, TEF30 was first ...
... thylakoid enriched fraction 30) in Chlamydomonas. In this organism, TEF30 was first ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... and its function in the development of the cerk1-4 phenotype. Arabidopsis accessions were found to vary regarding the abundance of the shed CERK1 ectodomain. The presence of prolines within the extracellular stalk of CERK1 positively correlated with ectodomain abundance. CERK1 variants lacking speci ...
... and its function in the development of the cerk1-4 phenotype. Arabidopsis accessions were found to vary regarding the abundance of the shed CERK1 ectodomain. The presence of prolines within the extracellular stalk of CERK1 positively correlated with ectodomain abundance. CERK1 variants lacking speci ...
Motor proteins of the kinesin superfamily
... domains inserted between their shared elements at two points that might be involved in specific interactions with their respective polymer tracks. In kinesin, these regions consist of two short loops involved in microtubule binding (Figure 2), whereas in myosin these loops are replaced by large acti ...
... domains inserted between their shared elements at two points that might be involved in specific interactions with their respective polymer tracks. In kinesin, these regions consist of two short loops involved in microtubule binding (Figure 2), whereas in myosin these loops are replaced by large acti ...
Therapeutic targeting of autophagy in neurodegenerative and
... and peroxisomes), through their LIR and UBA domains, respectively. In the final step of the process, autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes, resulting in the degradation of the vesicle contents. AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; mTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; ULK, Unc-51-like kinas ...
... and peroxisomes), through their LIR and UBA domains, respectively. In the final step of the process, autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes, resulting in the degradation of the vesicle contents. AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; mTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; ULK, Unc-51-like kinas ...
Artk96_CyclGMPReview_2016 - Pure
... there must be coding information to maintain specificity, a phenomenon that is only partially understood for Ca2+ but remains an enigma for most other intermediates. In the case of Ca2+, both frequency and amplitude coding affects Ca2+ binding proteins that show different affinities. For example, Ca ...
... there must be coding information to maintain specificity, a phenomenon that is only partially understood for Ca2+ but remains an enigma for most other intermediates. In the case of Ca2+, both frequency and amplitude coding affects Ca2+ binding proteins that show different affinities. For example, Ca ...
The Presynaptic Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Physiological and
... in presynaptic terminals (Benfenati et al., 1996; Ninan and Arancio, 2004), and directly phosphorylates both α-tubulin and β-tubulin in enriched synaptosomal fractions (Burke and DeLorenzo, 1981). Such phosphorylation is stimulated by activity (Burke and DeLorenzo, 1982), suggesting a functional lin ...
... in presynaptic terminals (Benfenati et al., 1996; Ninan and Arancio, 2004), and directly phosphorylates both α-tubulin and β-tubulin in enriched synaptosomal fractions (Burke and DeLorenzo, 1981). Such phosphorylation is stimulated by activity (Burke and DeLorenzo, 1982), suggesting a functional lin ...
Full Text - Labs / Projects - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
... Members of the Rho family of small GTPases have been shown to be important regulators of cellular behavior, especially actin cytoskeletal organization and acto-myosin based contractility (Hall, 1998). Rho proteins function as molecular switches, cycling between an active GTP-bound state and an inact ...
... Members of the Rho family of small GTPases have been shown to be important regulators of cellular behavior, especially actin cytoskeletal organization and acto-myosin based contractility (Hall, 1998). Rho proteins function as molecular switches, cycling between an active GTP-bound state and an inact ...
The mechanism of Stx2 enrichment in outer membrane vesicles of
... Gram negative bacteria secrete vesicles that are formed when a portion of the outer membrane “blebs off” [1]. The lumen of these outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contains a small portion of the periplasm. However, it appears that the quantity of most proteins found within OMVs does not reflect their p ...
... Gram negative bacteria secrete vesicles that are formed when a portion of the outer membrane “blebs off” [1]. The lumen of these outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contains a small portion of the periplasm. However, it appears that the quantity of most proteins found within OMVs does not reflect their p ...
Involvement of Dopamine System in Regulation of Na ,K
... Georges et al., 1999). Although these studies suggest that in the striatum, dopamine receptors may be essentially required for the cellular and molecular adaptations in response to morphine treatments, the mechanisms underlying the dopaminergic neurons contribution to opiate dependence remain illusi ...
... Georges et al., 1999). Although these studies suggest that in the striatum, dopamine receptors may be essentially required for the cellular and molecular adaptations in response to morphine treatments, the mechanisms underlying the dopaminergic neurons contribution to opiate dependence remain illusi ...
Escherichia coli FtsZ polymers contain mostly GTP and
... contain mostly GTP. Incorporation of nucleotides into the protein was very fast either when the label was introduced at the onset of the reaction or subsequently during polymerization. Molecular modelling of an FtsZ dimer showed the presence of a cleft between the two subunits maintaining the nucleo ...
... contain mostly GTP. Incorporation of nucleotides into the protein was very fast either when the label was introduced at the onset of the reaction or subsequently during polymerization. Molecular modelling of an FtsZ dimer showed the presence of a cleft between the two subunits maintaining the nucleo ...
Nitric oxide cell signaling: S-nitrosation of Ras superfamily GTPases
... back to the reduced thiol (RSH) form at the expense of reduced cellular thiols such as glutathione (dithiols, sulfenic acid) or ATP/thiols (sulfinic acid) [83,84]. Although the cysteinyl radical commonly participates in reactions leading to several chemical modifications, it is rarely proposed as th ...
... back to the reduced thiol (RSH) form at the expense of reduced cellular thiols such as glutathione (dithiols, sulfenic acid) or ATP/thiols (sulfinic acid) [83,84]. Although the cysteinyl radical commonly participates in reactions leading to several chemical modifications, it is rarely proposed as th ...
The contractile apparatus and mechanical properties of airway smooth muscle
... settled. There is general agreement that dephosphorylated myosin remains in filamentous form in uncontracted smooth muscle; however the possibility remains that there is a pool of folded monomeric myosin molecules in vivo that is recruited to myosin filaments when the muscle is activated and phospho ...
... settled. There is general agreement that dephosphorylated myosin remains in filamentous form in uncontracted smooth muscle; however the possibility remains that there is a pool of folded monomeric myosin molecules in vivo that is recruited to myosin filaments when the muscle is activated and phospho ...
New insights into regulation of p53 protein degradation
... Modifications of p53 regulates p53 degradation through ubiquitination-dependent proteasome pathway Covalent modifications of p53 occur on more than 40 different amino acid residues and lead to different p53 activation. These modifications include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitina ...
... Modifications of p53 regulates p53 degradation through ubiquitination-dependent proteasome pathway Covalent modifications of p53 occur on more than 40 different amino acid residues and lead to different p53 activation. These modifications include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitina ...
as Hotspot Ca 2+ Signaling Units
... resting conditions [32]. They have yet to be identified, although recently strong evidence has been provided that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger isoform NCLX is the longsought protein responsible for the mitochondrial Na+-dependent Ca2+ efflux [33]. Finally, the low conductance mode of the permeability tran ...
... resting conditions [32]. They have yet to be identified, although recently strong evidence has been provided that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger isoform NCLX is the longsought protein responsible for the mitochondrial Na+-dependent Ca2+ efflux [33]. Finally, the low conductance mode of the permeability tran ...
Characterization of the Nucleolar Gene Product, Treacle, in Treacher Collins Syndrome
... caused by mutations in the gene TCOF1. Its gene product, treacle, consists mainly of a central repeat domain, which shows it to be structurally related to the nucleolar phosphoprotein Nopp140. Treacle remains mostly uncharacterized to date. Herein we show that it, like Nopp140, is a highly phosphory ...
... caused by mutations in the gene TCOF1. Its gene product, treacle, consists mainly of a central repeat domain, which shows it to be structurally related to the nucleolar phosphoprotein Nopp140. Treacle remains mostly uncharacterized to date. Herein we show that it, like Nopp140, is a highly phosphory ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.