Penicillin - Stephen F. Austin State University
... very quickly, with dozens of generations every day, so bacterial evolution is very fast. Bacteria have developed many ways to thwart the action of penicillin. Some change the penicillinbinding proteins in subtle ways, so that they still perform their function but do not bind to the drugs. Some devel ...
... very quickly, with dozens of generations every day, so bacterial evolution is very fast. Bacteria have developed many ways to thwart the action of penicillin. Some change the penicillinbinding proteins in subtle ways, so that they still perform their function but do not bind to the drugs. Some devel ...
The Role of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in
... that contains the conserved aspartate phosphorylation site and an output, or effector, domain (Fig. 3A). Although the most common output domain is a DNA-binding domain that allows response regulators to control gene expression, there are at least 10 additional types of output domains (Galperin, 2006 ...
... that contains the conserved aspartate phosphorylation site and an output, or effector, domain (Fig. 3A). Although the most common output domain is a DNA-binding domain that allows response regulators to control gene expression, there are at least 10 additional types of output domains (Galperin, 2006 ...
SB-431542: Potent and selective inhibitor of activin receptor
... responsible for the secretion of highly concentrated HCl into the lumen. They also recruit and recycle the transport protein H+,K+-ATPase, the primary gastric proton pump. An overactive pump may lead to ulcers and other gastrointestinal complications. Thus, developing gastric proton pump inhibitors ...
... responsible for the secretion of highly concentrated HCl into the lumen. They also recruit and recycle the transport protein H+,K+-ATPase, the primary gastric proton pump. An overactive pump may lead to ulcers and other gastrointestinal complications. Thus, developing gastric proton pump inhibitors ...
Gene Section CLTCL1 (clathrin heavy polypeptide-like 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Online updated version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/CLTCL1ID361.html ...
... Online updated version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/CLTCL1ID361.html ...
Mechanisms of mitochondrial protein import
... might be responsible for the targeting function. These signal sequences, however, can adopt an amphiphilic -helix that might be important for their recognition by the mitochondrial protein-import machinery. The signal sequence is both necessary and often sufficient for directing a protein into mito ...
... might be responsible for the targeting function. These signal sequences, however, can adopt an amphiphilic -helix that might be important for their recognition by the mitochondrial protein-import machinery. The signal sequence is both necessary and often sufficient for directing a protein into mito ...
Centrosome Dynamics during the Meiotic Progression in the Mouse
... is added to isolated centrosomes, both phosphorylation and Mphase microtubule growth dynamics result, suggesting that cdc2 can regulate changes in centrosome-directed microtubule dynamics (11). Furthermore, investigations of Gotoh and colleagues have shown that maturation promoting factor acts local ...
... is added to isolated centrosomes, both phosphorylation and Mphase microtubule growth dynamics result, suggesting that cdc2 can regulate changes in centrosome-directed microtubule dynamics (11). Furthermore, investigations of Gotoh and colleagues have shown that maturation promoting factor acts local ...
Topological characterization of the essential Escherichia coli cell
... To generate L-lactamase fusions we followed the method described by [17]. Various truncated forms of the ftsW gene (at the 3P end) were ampli¢ed by PCR from the E. coli chromosomal DNA using as primers oligonucleotides generating a KpnI site. The oligonucleotide A60 (5P-CGTACCAGGTACCGCCTGTGCCAGCAGTA ...
... To generate L-lactamase fusions we followed the method described by [17]. Various truncated forms of the ftsW gene (at the 3P end) were ampli¢ed by PCR from the E. coli chromosomal DNA using as primers oligonucleotides generating a KpnI site. The oligonucleotide A60 (5P-CGTACCAGGTACCGCCTGTGCCAGCAGTA ...
Membrane-Lipid Therapy
... defines the presence of specific proteins, proteins may also influence the lipid composition of these domains. Lipid-Protein Interactions in Membranes Membrane proteins are classified as integral (transmembrane, intrinsic) and peripheral (amphitropic, extrinsic) proteins and both these types of prot ...
... defines the presence of specific proteins, proteins may also influence the lipid composition of these domains. Lipid-Protein Interactions in Membranes Membrane proteins are classified as integral (transmembrane, intrinsic) and peripheral (amphitropic, extrinsic) proteins and both these types of prot ...
Expression and Purification of Functional Ligand
... expression and purification of the ligand-binding domain of T1R taste receptors, which are constituents of the sweet and umami taste receptors. These class C GPCRs contain a large extracellular N-terminal domain (NTD) that is the site of interaction with most ligands and that is amenable to expressio ...
... expression and purification of the ligand-binding domain of T1R taste receptors, which are constituents of the sweet and umami taste receptors. These class C GPCRs contain a large extracellular N-terminal domain (NTD) that is the site of interaction with most ligands and that is amenable to expressio ...
ANALYSIS OF A BACTERIAL SERINE/THREONINE KINASE
... cells as few as 7 colony forming units (cfu) were required to produce an LD50 in BALB/c mice, while 3.8x103 were required for an LD50 in the pst1 mutant. Additionally, the intracellular growth rate (cfu 24hr post infection/cfu 3hr post infection) of wildtype S. typhimurium in a macrophage-like mouse ...
... cells as few as 7 colony forming units (cfu) were required to produce an LD50 in BALB/c mice, while 3.8x103 were required for an LD50 in the pst1 mutant. Additionally, the intracellular growth rate (cfu 24hr post infection/cfu 3hr post infection) of wildtype S. typhimurium in a macrophage-like mouse ...
Protein diffusion in plant cell plasma membranes
... membrane has important biological consequences in terms of membrane micro-organization, protein-protein interactions and signal transduction mechanisms. An example of this is receptor clustering within the plasma membrane (PM) of post-synaptic neurons, where lateral mobility is linked to nerve plast ...
... membrane has important biological consequences in terms of membrane micro-organization, protein-protein interactions and signal transduction mechanisms. An example of this is receptor clustering within the plasma membrane (PM) of post-synaptic neurons, where lateral mobility is linked to nerve plast ...
Yeast SEC16 Gene Encodes a Multidomain Vesicle Coat Protein
... BamHI-SmaI sites of pRS315. An NH2-terminally truncated G A L l promoter fusion, pPE38, that contained amino acids 565-2194 of Secl6p was made using the primer 5 ' - G C G G A T C C A A C C A T G C G T C A A G A G C A A G T r C - 3 ' to create the junction between an A T G codon at position 565 and ...
... BamHI-SmaI sites of pRS315. An NH2-terminally truncated G A L l promoter fusion, pPE38, that contained amino acids 565-2194 of Secl6p was made using the primer 5 ' - G C G G A T C C A A C C A T G C G T C A A G A G C A A G T r C - 3 ' to create the junction between an A T G codon at position 565 and ...
Cellular Polarity in Prokaryotic Organisms
... for the actin polymerization that drives bacterial motility in the host cell cytoplasm. IcsA belongs to a large family of auto-transporters that, along with other members of this family, is found localized at the old cell pole (Jain et al. 2006). In fact, even in artificially generated, spherical E. ...
... for the actin polymerization that drives bacterial motility in the host cell cytoplasm. IcsA belongs to a large family of auto-transporters that, along with other members of this family, is found localized at the old cell pole (Jain et al. 2006). In fact, even in artificially generated, spherical E. ...
Subviral-Particle Biogenesis Hepatitis B Virus Small Surface
... FIG 1 Derivatives of the S and M envelope proteins used in this work. (A) Transmembrane topologies of the S (thick gray line) and M (thin plus thick gray line) proteins in the ER membrane (double horizontal lines). The numbers denote the suggested N- and C-terminal amino acid positions of the trans ...
... FIG 1 Derivatives of the S and M envelope proteins used in this work. (A) Transmembrane topologies of the S (thick gray line) and M (thin plus thick gray line) proteins in the ER membrane (double horizontal lines). The numbers denote the suggested N- and C-terminal amino acid positions of the trans ...
1. introduction - International Journal of Computer Applications
... Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are those secreted to the exterior of the cell, which act as mediators between resident cells and the external environment. These proteins not only maintain cellular structure but also play a part in diverse processes, including growth, hormonal response, homeosta ...
... Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are those secreted to the exterior of the cell, which act as mediators between resident cells and the external environment. These proteins not only maintain cellular structure but also play a part in diverse processes, including growth, hormonal response, homeosta ...
Computational design of a pH-sensitive IgG binding
... ecombinant monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins have become an important class of biological pharmaceuticals and are widely used as research reagents. Their manufacture typically involves mammalian cells as the expression host and affinity chromatography as a key purification step. Although ...
... ecombinant monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins have become an important class of biological pharmaceuticals and are widely used as research reagents. Their manufacture typically involves mammalian cells as the expression host and affinity chromatography as a key purification step. Although ...
T. brucei basal body component - Journal of Cell Science
... we performed double immunofluorescence experiments with anti-TBBC and either anti-BBA4 or anti-γ-tubulin ...
... we performed double immunofluorescence experiments with anti-TBBC and either anti-BBA4 or anti-γ-tubulin ...
Viruses: Making Friends with Old Foes
... indicating the spatial relationship between the hard inorganic guest with the immune system and evalthe intersubunit interface. uation of toxicity need to be fully The viral container interacts material (Fe2O3) and the soft viral protein cage (5). addressed. The capsid is protein with its environmen ...
... indicating the spatial relationship between the hard inorganic guest with the immune system and evalthe intersubunit interface. uation of toxicity need to be fully The viral container interacts material (Fe2O3) and the soft viral protein cage (5). addressed. The capsid is protein with its environmen ...
Development of a protein microarray using sequence
... micrograms per milliliter of antibody was labeled with the fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor 647 reactive dye, and was prepared in the binding buffer for the model experiment of protein–protein interaction. 400 lg/mL of GAL4 DBD/EGFP fusion protein was spotted on the slides. The protein-immobilized slides w ...
... micrograms per milliliter of antibody was labeled with the fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor 647 reactive dye, and was prepared in the binding buffer for the model experiment of protein–protein interaction. 400 lg/mL of GAL4 DBD/EGFP fusion protein was spotted on the slides. The protein-immobilized slides w ...
Severa1 Proteins lmported into Chloroplasts Form
... in the folding of chloroplast proteins. It should be noted that a stable association was observed between cpn60 and the monomeric protein BLA, which obviously does not become assembled into an oligomeric structure. Apparently, monomeric polypeptides, as well as those that are components of oligomeri ...
... in the folding of chloroplast proteins. It should be noted that a stable association was observed between cpn60 and the monomeric protein BLA, which obviously does not become assembled into an oligomeric structure. Apparently, monomeric polypeptides, as well as those that are components of oligomeri ...
Nucleolin: A Multifunctional Major Nucleolar Phosphoprotein
... it is present in abundance at the heart of the nucleolus. It is highly conserved during evolution. Nucleolin contains a specific bipartite nuclear localization signal sequence and possesses a number of unusual structural features. It has unique tripartite structure and each domain performs a specifi ...
... it is present in abundance at the heart of the nucleolus. It is highly conserved during evolution. Nucleolin contains a specific bipartite nuclear localization signal sequence and possesses a number of unusual structural features. It has unique tripartite structure and each domain performs a specifi ...
J-Domain Protein CDJ2 and HSP70B Are a Plastidic Chaperone
... zinc finger or coiled-coil domains, by which specific substrates are bound (Cyr et al., 1994; Szabo et al., 1996; Miernyk, 2001). These substrates are then presented to the substrate binding domain of a specific Hsp70 chaperone. One Hsp70 may be recruited by several different J-domain cochaperones to f ...
... zinc finger or coiled-coil domains, by which specific substrates are bound (Cyr et al., 1994; Szabo et al., 1996; Miernyk, 2001). These substrates are then presented to the substrate binding domain of a specific Hsp70 chaperone. One Hsp70 may be recruited by several different J-domain cochaperones to f ...
Polymer physics of intracellular phase transitions
... granule proteins contain long stretches that are predicted to be disordered28 . These include MEG proteins that promote assembly of P granules depending on whether they are phosphorylated or unphosphorylated29 . LAF-1 is another P granule protein that contains an N-terminal disordered domain which i ...
... granule proteins contain long stretches that are predicted to be disordered28 . These include MEG proteins that promote assembly of P granules depending on whether they are phosphorylated or unphosphorylated29 . LAF-1 is another P granule protein that contains an N-terminal disordered domain which i ...
Redox Homeostasis and Signaling - University of Nebraska–Lincoln
... In bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes, the induced expression of detoxifying enzymes in response to ROS plays a major role in protecting the cell against oxidative damage. In multicellular organisms, the increased expression of antioxidant enzymes is not a universal response of all cells to ROS, ho ...
... In bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes, the induced expression of detoxifying enzymes in response to ROS plays a major role in protecting the cell against oxidative damage. In multicellular organisms, the increased expression of antioxidant enzymes is not a universal response of all cells to ROS, ho ...
Presentation @9:00am
... Kinases are clustered based on similarity, which provides a way to deduce the functions from other family ...
... Kinases are clustered based on similarity, which provides a way to deduce the functions from other family ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.