Systems‐based analysis of Arabidopsis leaf growth reveals
... as mean and s.d. values, n ¼ 5. The numbers at the top of the graphs indicate the four growth stages. Source data is available for this figure in the Supplementary Information. ...
... as mean and s.d. values, n ¼ 5. The numbers at the top of the graphs indicate the four growth stages. Source data is available for this figure in the Supplementary Information. ...
Candida antarctica Anders G. Sandström
... main contributor of the lowering of the activation barrier compared to the corresponding reaction in water. Other disputed hypotheses have been put forward over the years, which claim that strain, protein dynamics, low barrier hydrogen bonds or quantum tunneling is the main contributor of catalytic ...
... main contributor of the lowering of the activation barrier compared to the corresponding reaction in water. Other disputed hypotheses have been put forward over the years, which claim that strain, protein dynamics, low barrier hydrogen bonds or quantum tunneling is the main contributor of catalytic ...
Human GM-CSF ELISA
... (heparin, EDTA, citrate) to each empty well. See “Sample Dilution Guideline” above for details. It is recommended that each human GM-CSF standard solution and each sample be measured in duplicate. 2. Seal the plate with the cover and incubate at 37°C for 90 min. 3. Remove the cover, discard plate co ...
... (heparin, EDTA, citrate) to each empty well. See “Sample Dilution Guideline” above for details. It is recommended that each human GM-CSF standard solution and each sample be measured in duplicate. 2. Seal the plate with the cover and incubate at 37°C for 90 min. 3. Remove the cover, discard plate co ...
vts_6580_8973.
... Cancer arises from the disruption of normal cellular function that results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and/or apoptosis. Normal cells give rise to normal tissue development and maintenance by following an ordered growth, division, differentiation and apoptosis program. Each cell in an organis ...
... Cancer arises from the disruption of normal cellular function that results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and/or apoptosis. Normal cells give rise to normal tissue development and maintenance by following an ordered growth, division, differentiation and apoptosis program. Each cell in an organis ...
Gene Section LCK (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... cell lineages. Lck contain myristylation sequence, unique amino-terminal regions, followed by Src homology domains SH3 and SH2, a tyrosine kinase catalytic domain, and C-terminal regulatory domain. Lck associates with the inner face of the plasma membrane through its amino-terminus. This interaction ...
... cell lineages. Lck contain myristylation sequence, unique amino-terminal regions, followed by Src homology domains SH3 and SH2, a tyrosine kinase catalytic domain, and C-terminal regulatory domain. Lck associates with the inner face of the plasma membrane through its amino-terminus. This interaction ...
Crystal structure of mouse coronavirus receptor
... cleaved into a receptor-binding subunit S1 and a membranefusion subunit S2 that associate together through noncovalent interactions (Fig. 1A). S1 sequences are relatively well conserved within each coronavirus group, but differ markedly between different groups. S1 contains two independent domains, ...
... cleaved into a receptor-binding subunit S1 and a membranefusion subunit S2 that associate together through noncovalent interactions (Fig. 1A). S1 sequences are relatively well conserved within each coronavirus group, but differ markedly between different groups. S1 contains two independent domains, ...
Print
... hydrogen bonds between nearby amino acid residues giving rise to a regular arrangement defines the secondary structure of the protein. α-helices and β-sheets are the most commonly observed secondary structures of proteins due to their highly favourably ψ and φ angles as described by the Ramachandran ...
... hydrogen bonds between nearby amino acid residues giving rise to a regular arrangement defines the secondary structure of the protein. α-helices and β-sheets are the most commonly observed secondary structures of proteins due to their highly favourably ψ and φ angles as described by the Ramachandran ...
ENZYMES: PROPERTIES OF B
... and catalysis. Alternatively, researchers can model inhibitors or other drugs and predict which will bind most efficiently to a specific enzyme target. Another critical feature of molecular modeling is the incorporation of stochastic elements. The term “stochastic” refers to the fact that there is s ...
... and catalysis. Alternatively, researchers can model inhibitors or other drugs and predict which will bind most efficiently to a specific enzyme target. Another critical feature of molecular modeling is the incorporation of stochastic elements. The term “stochastic” refers to the fact that there is s ...
Anchoring of Surface Proteins to the Cell Wall of Staphylococcus
... notion that hydroxylamine performs a nucleophilic attack when sortase is charged with thioester-linked surface protein (9). Together these results suggest that the single cysteine residue of sortase performs the nucleophilic attack at the peptide bond between the threonine and the glycine of the LPX ...
... notion that hydroxylamine performs a nucleophilic attack when sortase is charged with thioester-linked surface protein (9). Together these results suggest that the single cysteine residue of sortase performs the nucleophilic attack at the peptide bond between the threonine and the glycine of the LPX ...
Atlas of Antinuclear Antibodies
... 14. Okazaki T. The structure of centromere. Protein, Nucleic Acid and Enzyme 41(15): 2230-9, 1996 15. Tojo T, et al. Small nuclear U-RNP antibodies. Nippon Rinsho 46(4): 784-9, 1988 [Japanese] 16. Van Venrooij WJ, Sillekens PT. Small nuclear RNA associated proteins: autoantigens in connective tis ...
... 14. Okazaki T. The structure of centromere. Protein, Nucleic Acid and Enzyme 41(15): 2230-9, 1996 15. Tojo T, et al. Small nuclear U-RNP antibodies. Nippon Rinsho 46(4): 784-9, 1988 [Japanese] 16. Van Venrooij WJ, Sillekens PT. Small nuclear RNA associated proteins: autoantigens in connective tis ...
Small-molecule binding sites to explore new targets in the cancer
... The transcription factor HNF4A forms a homodimer complex to interact with DNA to control the expression of other genes. In the monomer structure, two binding sites were detected on the protein surface (Fig. S5D). One of these two sites is bound to a saturated fatty acid in multiple superimposed crys ...
... The transcription factor HNF4A forms a homodimer complex to interact with DNA to control the expression of other genes. In the monomer structure, two binding sites were detected on the protein surface (Fig. S5D). One of these two sites is bound to a saturated fatty acid in multiple superimposed crys ...
LNBI 9043 - Lupin Allergy: Uncovering Structural Features and
... The two major lupin storage proteins are α-conglutin (legumin-like or 11S globulin), and ß-conglutin (vicilin-like or 7S globulin). Vilicin proteins are characterized by two cupin (barrel-shaped) domains constituted by α-helices. Another family with a cupin-like structure, γ-conglutin (basic 7S-glob ...
... The two major lupin storage proteins are α-conglutin (legumin-like or 11S globulin), and ß-conglutin (vicilin-like or 7S globulin). Vilicin proteins are characterized by two cupin (barrel-shaped) domains constituted by α-helices. Another family with a cupin-like structure, γ-conglutin (basic 7S-glob ...
Translocation of proteins across the cell envelope of Gram
... into an K-helical conformation when brought into contact with the membrane lipid phase. The C-terminal region is hydrophilic and contains the signal peptide cleavage site that is recognized by the signal peptidase. This site conforms to the 33, 31 rule [36], and in many cases corresponds to an Ala-X ...
... into an K-helical conformation when brought into contact with the membrane lipid phase. The C-terminal region is hydrophilic and contains the signal peptide cleavage site that is recognized by the signal peptidase. This site conforms to the 33, 31 rule [36], and in many cases corresponds to an Ala-X ...
food derived from insect-protected, glufosinate ammonium
... potential for the newly expressed proteins to be either allergenic or toxic to humans. History of Use Cotton is grown primarily for the value of its fibre, with cottonseed and its processed products being a by-product of the crop. Humans have consumed cottonseed oil, the major product of cottonseed, ...
... potential for the newly expressed proteins to be either allergenic or toxic to humans. History of Use Cotton is grown primarily for the value of its fibre, with cottonseed and its processed products being a by-product of the crop. Humans have consumed cottonseed oil, the major product of cottonseed, ...
Word - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... potential for the newly expressed proteins to be either allergenic or toxic to humans. History of Use Cotton is grown primarily for the value of its fibre, with cottonseed and its processed products being a by-product of the crop. Humans have consumed cottonseed oil, the major product of cottonseed, ...
... potential for the newly expressed proteins to be either allergenic or toxic to humans. History of Use Cotton is grown primarily for the value of its fibre, with cottonseed and its processed products being a by-product of the crop. Humans have consumed cottonseed oil, the major product of cottonseed, ...
Chapter 5
... • Most proteins probably go through several states on their way to a stable structure • Chaperonins are protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins – Protect proteins from “bad influences” ...
... • Most proteins probably go through several states on their way to a stable structure • Chaperonins are protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins – Protect proteins from “bad influences” ...
Renal Function Testing - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
... (Ccr) due to tubular secretion increases as GFR decreases and Ccr leads to GFR overestimation by approximately 10 mL/ min/1.73 m2 (0.17 mL/s/1.73 m2) 䡲 In some subjects (eg, those with sickle cell anemia), this GFR overestimation can be much greater ● Because of reciprocal relationship between GFR a ...
... (Ccr) due to tubular secretion increases as GFR decreases and Ccr leads to GFR overestimation by approximately 10 mL/ min/1.73 m2 (0.17 mL/s/1.73 m2) 䡲 In some subjects (eg, those with sickle cell anemia), this GFR overestimation can be much greater ● Because of reciprocal relationship between GFR a ...
Tubulin folding is altered by mutations in a putative GTP binding motif
... 1992; Fontalba et al., 1993, 1995; Campo et al., 1994; Fig. 1). Soon after tubulin is synthesized it is bound to a TCP-1-containing chaperone particle (C900). Pulse-chase experiments have shown that, in the presence of nucleotides tubulin dimers and release factors, the disappearance of C900 complex ...
... 1992; Fontalba et al., 1993, 1995; Campo et al., 1994; Fig. 1). Soon after tubulin is synthesized it is bound to a TCP-1-containing chaperone particle (C900). Pulse-chase experiments have shown that, in the presence of nucleotides tubulin dimers and release factors, the disappearance of C900 complex ...
Lipopolysaccharide-bound structure of the antimicrobial peptide
... The use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, resulting in untreatable infections and nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), components of the innate immune system, are being investigated as potential therapeutics to replace or complement traditional ...
... The use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, resulting in untreatable infections and nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), components of the innate immune system, are being investigated as potential therapeutics to replace or complement traditional ...
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins, and also nucleic acids, and their complexes. The field was pioneered by Richard R. Ernst and Kurt Wüthrich at the ETH, and by Ad Bax, Marius Clore and Angela Gronenborn at the NIH, among others. Structure determination by NMR spectroscopy usually consists of several phases, each using a separate set of highly specialized techniques. The sample is prepared, measurements are made, interpretive approaches are applied, and a structure is calculated and validated.NMR involves the quantum mechanical properties of the central core (""nucleus"") of the atom. These properties depend on the local molecular environment, and their measurement provides a map of how the atoms are linked chemically, how close they are in space, and how rapidly they move with respect to each other. These properties are fundamentally the same as those used in the more familiar Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), but the molecular applications use a somewhat different approach, appropriate to the change of scale from millimeters (of interest to radiologists) to nano-meters (bonded atoms are typically a fraction of a nano-meter apart), a factor of a million. This change of scale requires much higher sensitivity of detection and stability for long term measurement. In contrast to MRI, structural biology studies do not directly generate an image, but rely on complex computer calculations to generate three-dimensional molecular models.Currently most samples are examined in a solution in water, but methods are being developed to also work with solid samples. Data collection relies on placing the sample inside a powerful magnet, sending radio frequency signals through the sample, and measuring the absorption of those signals. Depending on the environment of atoms within the protein, the nuclei of individual atoms will absorb different frequencies of radio signals. Furthermore the absorption signals of different nuclei may be perturbed by adjacent nuclei. This information can be used to determine the distance between nuclei. These distances in turn can be used to determine the overall structure of the protein.A typical study might involve how two proteins interact with each other, possibly with a view to developing small molecules that can be used to probe the normal biology of the interaction (""chemical biology"") or to provide possible leads for pharmaceutical use (drug development). Frequently, the interacting pair of proteins may have been identified by studies of human genetics, indicating the interaction can be disrupted by unfavorable mutations, or they may play a key role in the normal biology of a ""model"" organism like the fruit fly, yeast, the worm C. elegans, or mice. To prepare a sample, methods of molecular biology are typically used to make quantities by bacterial fermentation. This also permits changing the isotopic composition of the molecule, which is desirable because the isotopes behave differently and provide methods for identifying overlapping NMR signals.