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... but are restricted to non-exchange chromosomes [7*]. Although mutants for either nod or ncd are recessive, double heterozygotes have a phenotype similar to that of homozygous nod mutants [32*-l. This is the first well documented case for overlapping functions of multiple kinesin-like proteins in a s ...
... but are restricted to non-exchange chromosomes [7*]. Although mutants for either nod or ncd are recessive, double heterozygotes have a phenotype similar to that of homozygous nod mutants [32*-l. This is the first well documented case for overlapping functions of multiple kinesin-like proteins in a s ...
Alfred G. Gilman - Nobel Lecture
... receptors and adenylyl cyclases were distinct molecular entities. The adenylyl cyclase of adipocytes is stimulated by a myriad of hormones. If there were distinct cyclases that each also served as a receptor, responses to maximally effective concentrations of hormones would be additive. They were no ...
... receptors and adenylyl cyclases were distinct molecular entities. The adenylyl cyclase of adipocytes is stimulated by a myriad of hormones. If there were distinct cyclases that each also served as a receptor, responses to maximally effective concentrations of hormones would be additive. They were no ...
DLocalMotif: a discriminative approach for discovering local motifs in
... problems can be addressed by available motif discovery methods. The other extreme has sequences with only weakly enriched motifs, but when they occur, they are spatially confined in relation to a landmark. We do not expect traditional motif discovery methods to handle such problems well. DLocalMotif ...
... problems can be addressed by available motif discovery methods. The other extreme has sequences with only weakly enriched motifs, but when they occur, they are spatially confined in relation to a landmark. We do not expect traditional motif discovery methods to handle such problems well. DLocalMotif ...
Monoclonal Anti-human IL-18 BP Antibody Catalogue Number
... four isoforms by alternative splicing. The IL-18 BP isoforms a and c each contain one immunoglobulin(Ig)-like C2-type domain while isoforms b and d lack a complete Ig domain. The complete Ig domain has been shown to be essential to the binding and neutralizing properties of the binding proteins. Two ...
... four isoforms by alternative splicing. The IL-18 BP isoforms a and c each contain one immunoglobulin(Ig)-like C2-type domain while isoforms b and d lack a complete Ig domain. The complete Ig domain has been shown to be essential to the binding and neutralizing properties of the binding proteins. Two ...
Allosteric pathways in imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase
... nucleotide, to form imidazole glycerol phosphate (IGP) and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (1, 4, 5). These two products enter the histidine and purine biosynthetic pathways, respectively. IGPS is not present in mammals, but it is involved in essential biosynthetic pathways of microorganisms ...
... nucleotide, to form imidazole glycerol phosphate (IGP) and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (1, 4, 5). These two products enter the histidine and purine biosynthetic pathways, respectively. IGPS is not present in mammals, but it is involved in essential biosynthetic pathways of microorganisms ...
ANALYSIS OF A BACTERIAL SERINE/THREONINE KINASE
... typhimurium was investigated by deletion of pst1 which encodes E1. The ability of pst1 mutants to cause infection in mice was compared in the three bacteria. The strongest attenuation was seen in S. typhimurium which has the most complex PTS. For wildtype cells as few as 7 colony forming units (cfu) ...
... typhimurium was investigated by deletion of pst1 which encodes E1. The ability of pst1 mutants to cause infection in mice was compared in the three bacteria. The strongest attenuation was seen in S. typhimurium which has the most complex PTS. For wildtype cells as few as 7 colony forming units (cfu) ...
TSE diagnostics 4
... The test sample is a small piece of obex, a defined region of the brain stem. The homogenized brain sample is incubated with an optimized reagent mixture consisting of digestion enzymes and a buffer solution (I). This solution degrades the normal prion protein. Only the TSEspecific prion protein rem ...
... The test sample is a small piece of obex, a defined region of the brain stem. The homogenized brain sample is incubated with an optimized reagent mixture consisting of digestion enzymes and a buffer solution (I). This solution degrades the normal prion protein. Only the TSEspecific prion protein rem ...
The transplantation of nuclei from single cultured cells into
... abnormalities arising during the divisions which follow nuclear transfer. If chromosome losses take place during the early mitotic divisions of transplanted cultured-cell nuclei, the first-transfer blastulae which provide nuclei for serial transfers could contain, or sometimes consist of, cells with ...
... abnormalities arising during the divisions which follow nuclear transfer. If chromosome losses take place during the early mitotic divisions of transplanted cultured-cell nuclei, the first-transfer blastulae which provide nuclei for serial transfers could contain, or sometimes consist of, cells with ...
AlgaVia® Whole Algae Ingredients
... Algae is one of nature’s first foods. It is an ancient source of macro and micronutrients. Algae is the foundation of our food chain and the basis for all plant life. Algae are nutrient-rich, with a nutritional profile that includes vitamins, minerals, protein, fat, and fiber. Not only are algae a r ...
... Algae is one of nature’s first foods. It is an ancient source of macro and micronutrients. Algae is the foundation of our food chain and the basis for all plant life. Algae are nutrient-rich, with a nutritional profile that includes vitamins, minerals, protein, fat, and fiber. Not only are algae a r ...
Responses of cows to abomasal infusion of lysine and methionine at
... and m i l k protein yields o f cows maintained on protein-rich diets (Forster et al., 1983; McGuffey et al., 1990; Cunningham et a l , 1996). Such an increase is unlikely to depend only on the supplementary CP in the diet; the quality and composition o f the basic diets are also important. Predictin ...
... and m i l k protein yields o f cows maintained on protein-rich diets (Forster et al., 1983; McGuffey et al., 1990; Cunningham et a l , 1996). Such an increase is unlikely to depend only on the supplementary CP in the diet; the quality and composition o f the basic diets are also important. Predictin ...
Metal ion reconstitution studies of yeast copper
... gel electrophoresis. We conclude that yeast apo CuZnSOD, unlike the bovine and human apoproteins, cannot be reconstituted fully with metal ions under the same conditions. Instead, only one subunit of the homodimer, the “normal” subunit, can be remetalled in a fashion reminiscent of the well-characte ...
... gel electrophoresis. We conclude that yeast apo CuZnSOD, unlike the bovine and human apoproteins, cannot be reconstituted fully with metal ions under the same conditions. Instead, only one subunit of the homodimer, the “normal” subunit, can be remetalled in a fashion reminiscent of the well-characte ...
hotspots
... that could be identified by a general method • While alanine scans require high-resolution structure of protein complex, ISIS needs only sequence of a single chain regardless of its binding partner • Alanine scans produces numerical predictions in terms of binding energy (∆∆G), ISIS produces a binar ...
... that could be identified by a general method • While alanine scans require high-resolution structure of protein complex, ISIS needs only sequence of a single chain regardless of its binding partner • Alanine scans produces numerical predictions in terms of binding energy (∆∆G), ISIS produces a binar ...
Supplementary information for Ronshaugen, McGinnis
... determined for the wild type A1 segments. Identically treated embryos were then stained with a rat monoclonal anti-HA antibody and the mean luminosity with this antibody in the T2 segment was determined. All other transgenic lines were similarly assayed using the anti-HA antibody. These were selecte ...
... determined for the wild type A1 segments. Identically treated embryos were then stained with a rat monoclonal anti-HA antibody and the mean luminosity with this antibody in the T2 segment was determined. All other transgenic lines were similarly assayed using the anti-HA antibody. These were selecte ...
Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) to determine protein
... other peptides could be observed if they were analyzed in a targeted assay. To address this the proteotypic predictor software packages PeptideSieve (Mallick et al., 2007), CONSeQuence (Eyers et al., 2011) and STEPP (Webb-Robertson et al., 2010) were used to assess their ability to more broadly pred ...
... other peptides could be observed if they were analyzed in a targeted assay. To address this the proteotypic predictor software packages PeptideSieve (Mallick et al., 2007), CONSeQuence (Eyers et al., 2011) and STEPP (Webb-Robertson et al., 2010) were used to assess their ability to more broadly pred ...
Statistical analysis of atomic contacts at RNA– protein
... Forty-five crystals of complexes between proteins and RNA molecules from the Protein Data Bank have been statistically surveyed for the number of contacts between RNA components (phosphate, ribose and the four bases) and amino acid side chains. Three groups of complexes were defined: the tRNA synthe ...
... Forty-five crystals of complexes between proteins and RNA molecules from the Protein Data Bank have been statistically surveyed for the number of contacts between RNA components (phosphate, ribose and the four bases) and amino acid side chains. Three groups of complexes were defined: the tRNA synthe ...
An introduction to circular dichroism spectroscopy
... Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique where the CD of molecules is measured over a range of wavelengths. CD spectroscopy is used extensively to study chiral molecules of all types and sizes, but it is in the study of large biological molecules where it finds its most i ...
... Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique where the CD of molecules is measured over a range of wavelengths. CD spectroscopy is used extensively to study chiral molecules of all types and sizes, but it is in the study of large biological molecules where it finds its most i ...
The bacterial divisome: ready for its close-up
... would be very hard to identify by genetic or biochemical methods because of transient interactions and/or modest phenotypes when inactivated. To understand more about divisome structure, several avenues have been taken. One successful approach identified which divisome proteins could still properly ...
... would be very hard to identify by genetic or biochemical methods because of transient interactions and/or modest phenotypes when inactivated. To understand more about divisome structure, several avenues have been taken. One successful approach identified which divisome proteins could still properly ...
Current understanding of fatty acid biosynthesis and the acyl carrier
... UFAs are cis-9-hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid) and cis-11octadecenoic acid (vaccenic acid) [39,40]. The E. coli system described above represents the most extensively studied bacterial system. However, variations to this UFA synthesis mechanism exist and are notably different in Grampositive ba ...
... UFAs are cis-9-hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid) and cis-11octadecenoic acid (vaccenic acid) [39,40]. The E. coli system described above represents the most extensively studied bacterial system. However, variations to this UFA synthesis mechanism exist and are notably different in Grampositive ba ...
The Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor in Xenopus
... During early development, specific mRNAs receive poly(A) in the cytoplasm. This cytoplasmic polyadenylation reaction correlates with, and in some cases causes, translational stimulation. Previously, it was suggested that a factor similar to the multisubunit nuclear cleavage and polyadenylation speci ...
... During early development, specific mRNAs receive poly(A) in the cytoplasm. This cytoplasmic polyadenylation reaction correlates with, and in some cases causes, translational stimulation. Previously, it was suggested that a factor similar to the multisubunit nuclear cleavage and polyadenylation speci ...
Apolipophorins and insects immune response
... which allows it to exist in hemolymph. A majority of residues in the molecule interior are hydrophobic, while hydrophilic residues are exposed to the aqueous environment of hemolymph. Although the degree of amino acid sequence identity of apoLpIIIs from evolutionally divergent species is low, the th ...
... which allows it to exist in hemolymph. A majority of residues in the molecule interior are hydrophobic, while hydrophilic residues are exposed to the aqueous environment of hemolymph. Although the degree of amino acid sequence identity of apoLpIIIs from evolutionally divergent species is low, the th ...
Effects of rare codon clusters on high-level expression
... E. coli, and indeed all cells, uses a specific subset o f the 61 available amino acid codons for the production o f most m R N A molecules [1,2]. So-called major codons are those that occur in highly expressed genes, whereas the minor or rare codons tend to be in genes expressed at a low level. This ...
... E. coli, and indeed all cells, uses a specific subset o f the 61 available amino acid codons for the production o f most m R N A molecules [1,2]. So-called major codons are those that occur in highly expressed genes, whereas the minor or rare codons tend to be in genes expressed at a low level. This ...
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins, and also nucleic acids, and their complexes. The field was pioneered by Richard R. Ernst and Kurt Wüthrich at the ETH, and by Ad Bax, Marius Clore and Angela Gronenborn at the NIH, among others. Structure determination by NMR spectroscopy usually consists of several phases, each using a separate set of highly specialized techniques. The sample is prepared, measurements are made, interpretive approaches are applied, and a structure is calculated and validated.NMR involves the quantum mechanical properties of the central core (""nucleus"") of the atom. These properties depend on the local molecular environment, and their measurement provides a map of how the atoms are linked chemically, how close they are in space, and how rapidly they move with respect to each other. These properties are fundamentally the same as those used in the more familiar Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), but the molecular applications use a somewhat different approach, appropriate to the change of scale from millimeters (of interest to radiologists) to nano-meters (bonded atoms are typically a fraction of a nano-meter apart), a factor of a million. This change of scale requires much higher sensitivity of detection and stability for long term measurement. In contrast to MRI, structural biology studies do not directly generate an image, but rely on complex computer calculations to generate three-dimensional molecular models.Currently most samples are examined in a solution in water, but methods are being developed to also work with solid samples. Data collection relies on placing the sample inside a powerful magnet, sending radio frequency signals through the sample, and measuring the absorption of those signals. Depending on the environment of atoms within the protein, the nuclei of individual atoms will absorb different frequencies of radio signals. Furthermore the absorption signals of different nuclei may be perturbed by adjacent nuclei. This information can be used to determine the distance between nuclei. These distances in turn can be used to determine the overall structure of the protein.A typical study might involve how two proteins interact with each other, possibly with a view to developing small molecules that can be used to probe the normal biology of the interaction (""chemical biology"") or to provide possible leads for pharmaceutical use (drug development). Frequently, the interacting pair of proteins may have been identified by studies of human genetics, indicating the interaction can be disrupted by unfavorable mutations, or they may play a key role in the normal biology of a ""model"" organism like the fruit fly, yeast, the worm C. elegans, or mice. To prepare a sample, methods of molecular biology are typically used to make quantities by bacterial fermentation. This also permits changing the isotopic composition of the molecule, which is desirable because the isotopes behave differently and provide methods for identifying overlapping NMR signals.