Disulfide formation in plant storage vacuoles permits assembly
... During endosperm development in the castor oil seed of Ricinus communis, lipids and proteins accumulate in oil bodies and protein storage vacuoles (PSV), respectively. The most abundant of the storage proteins, which provide an early source of amino acids to fuel post-germinative growth, are the 11S ...
... During endosperm development in the castor oil seed of Ricinus communis, lipids and proteins accumulate in oil bodies and protein storage vacuoles (PSV), respectively. The most abundant of the storage proteins, which provide an early source of amino acids to fuel post-germinative growth, are the 11S ...
Protein transfer of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Vir proteins to
... A. tumefaciens is the prototype T4SS. The versatile family of T4SSs further includes a large group that is involved in conjugative DNA transfer within and between bacterial species, as well as a group involved in transport of only effector proteins. The latter group is used by a number of human and ...
... A. tumefaciens is the prototype T4SS. The versatile family of T4SSs further includes a large group that is involved in conjugative DNA transfer within and between bacterial species, as well as a group involved in transport of only effector proteins. The latter group is used by a number of human and ...
Chapter 11 of Discover the World of Microbes
... to have “learned” to convert atmospheric nitrogen into bound nitrogen. In other words, plants and animals are not capable of using free nitrogen, N2. The layman may think of fertilization as a process involving animal manure or plants (green manuring); in such cases, the bound nitrogen is just trans ...
... to have “learned” to convert atmospheric nitrogen into bound nitrogen. In other words, plants and animals are not capable of using free nitrogen, N2. The layman may think of fertilization as a process involving animal manure or plants (green manuring); in such cases, the bound nitrogen is just trans ...
File
... 26) Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because A) they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose. B) they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down. C) their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms. D) they convert cellulose into starch, whi ...
... 26) Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because A) they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose. B) they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down. C) their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms. D) they convert cellulose into starch, whi ...
A New Subfamily of Major Intrinsic Proteins in
... helix B. In helix 1, there is a very conserved glutamate (E14) among MIPs. The corresponding amino acid in all SIPs investigated is aspartate. In GlpF, the carboxyl group of E14 is important in fixating loop B in the right position by forming a hydrogen bond to the backbone NH of H66 (Fu et al. 2000 ...
... helix B. In helix 1, there is a very conserved glutamate (E14) among MIPs. The corresponding amino acid in all SIPs investigated is aspartate. In GlpF, the carboxyl group of E14 is important in fixating loop B in the right position by forming a hydrogen bond to the backbone NH of H66 (Fu et al. 2000 ...
Serine/Threonine Phosphatases
... PPP family. At least 100 putative PP1-binding R subunits have been identified, with many more expected to be found (Cohen, 2004; Moorhead et al., 2007). Analysis of known R subunits in diverse eukaryotic lineages suggests an explosive growth in the number of R subunits concurrent with the evolution ...
... PPP family. At least 100 putative PP1-binding R subunits have been identified, with many more expected to be found (Cohen, 2004; Moorhead et al., 2007). Analysis of known R subunits in diverse eukaryotic lineages suggests an explosive growth in the number of R subunits concurrent with the evolution ...
Supp Mat - Columbia University
... alanine, and for 2 hours when charging with lysine. Reactions were subsequently quenched by the addition 3x volumes of 600 mM NaOAc, pH 5 to achieve a final concentration of 450 mM. The aa-tRNA was recovered by ethanol precipitation. To estimate the aminoacylation efficiencies, analytical scale amin ...
... alanine, and for 2 hours when charging with lysine. Reactions were subsequently quenched by the addition 3x volumes of 600 mM NaOAc, pH 5 to achieve a final concentration of 450 mM. The aa-tRNA was recovered by ethanol precipitation. To estimate the aminoacylation efficiencies, analytical scale amin ...
Mutating the second glutamate in the amidase active site
... enzyme inactive. X-ray crystal structure determination shows that the structural integrity of the enzyme is maintained in spite of the mutation, with the catalytic cysteine (C166), lysine (K134) and glutamate (E59) in identical positions to those of the wild-type enzyme. The structural integrity is ...
... enzyme inactive. X-ray crystal structure determination shows that the structural integrity of the enzyme is maintained in spite of the mutation, with the catalytic cysteine (C166), lysine (K134) and glutamate (E59) in identical positions to those of the wild-type enzyme. The structural integrity is ...
Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits by
... cysteines in parts of the molecule yet to be sequenced that make them chain extenders? This question can only be answered by future work, because almost no information about the arrangement of disulfide linkages in the gluten proteins exists despite the key role they play in determining the properti ...
... cysteines in parts of the molecule yet to be sequenced that make them chain extenders? This question can only be answered by future work, because almost no information about the arrangement of disulfide linkages in the gluten proteins exists despite the key role they play in determining the properti ...
Evolution of hard proteins in the sauropsid integument in relation to
... 95% sequence identity with known reptilian and avian proteins. The core-box determines the polymerization of these proteins into filaments indicated as beta-keratin filaments. The nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences for these sauropsid keratin-associated proteins are presented in conjunction ...
... 95% sequence identity with known reptilian and avian proteins. The core-box determines the polymerization of these proteins into filaments indicated as beta-keratin filaments. The nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences for these sauropsid keratin-associated proteins are presented in conjunction ...
Amino acid analysis in biofluids using LC
... experimental settings. The desired method had to meet the criteria of being (a) costeffective for a large number of samples, (b) robust in terms of repeatability over multiple batches, (c) sensitive enough to obtain accurate quantification form very limited samples volumes, (d) inherently selective ...
... experimental settings. The desired method had to meet the criteria of being (a) costeffective for a large number of samples, (b) robust in terms of repeatability over multiple batches, (c) sensitive enough to obtain accurate quantification form very limited samples volumes, (d) inherently selective ...
chem pre ap atom and nuclear practice test
... d. a glucose molecule being metabolized with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water ____ 11. Scientists are investigating the possibility of containing fusion reactions within a. steel containers. c. concrete casks. b. lead containers. d. magnetic fields. Short Answer 1. Briefly describe alpha part ...
... d. a glucose molecule being metabolized with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water ____ 11. Scientists are investigating the possibility of containing fusion reactions within a. steel containers. c. concrete casks. b. lead containers. d. magnetic fields. Short Answer 1. Briefly describe alpha part ...
Passenger Protein Determines Translocation Versus Retention in
... membrane did not protect aromatase. Addition of detergent during proteolysis had a protective effect on aromatase, because PK-mediated digestion was significantly reduced in the presence of Triton X-100 (Fig. 1C). The result suggests that detergent may act as a chaperone (Hegde et al., 1998), formin ...
... membrane did not protect aromatase. Addition of detergent during proteolysis had a protective effect on aromatase, because PK-mediated digestion was significantly reduced in the presence of Triton X-100 (Fig. 1C). The result suggests that detergent may act as a chaperone (Hegde et al., 1998), formin ...
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins, and also nucleic acids, and their complexes. The field was pioneered by Richard R. Ernst and Kurt Wüthrich at the ETH, and by Ad Bax, Marius Clore and Angela Gronenborn at the NIH, among others. Structure determination by NMR spectroscopy usually consists of several phases, each using a separate set of highly specialized techniques. The sample is prepared, measurements are made, interpretive approaches are applied, and a structure is calculated and validated.NMR involves the quantum mechanical properties of the central core (""nucleus"") of the atom. These properties depend on the local molecular environment, and their measurement provides a map of how the atoms are linked chemically, how close they are in space, and how rapidly they move with respect to each other. These properties are fundamentally the same as those used in the more familiar Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), but the molecular applications use a somewhat different approach, appropriate to the change of scale from millimeters (of interest to radiologists) to nano-meters (bonded atoms are typically a fraction of a nano-meter apart), a factor of a million. This change of scale requires much higher sensitivity of detection and stability for long term measurement. In contrast to MRI, structural biology studies do not directly generate an image, but rely on complex computer calculations to generate three-dimensional molecular models.Currently most samples are examined in a solution in water, but methods are being developed to also work with solid samples. Data collection relies on placing the sample inside a powerful magnet, sending radio frequency signals through the sample, and measuring the absorption of those signals. Depending on the environment of atoms within the protein, the nuclei of individual atoms will absorb different frequencies of radio signals. Furthermore the absorption signals of different nuclei may be perturbed by adjacent nuclei. This information can be used to determine the distance between nuclei. These distances in turn can be used to determine the overall structure of the protein.A typical study might involve how two proteins interact with each other, possibly with a view to developing small molecules that can be used to probe the normal biology of the interaction (""chemical biology"") or to provide possible leads for pharmaceutical use (drug development). Frequently, the interacting pair of proteins may have been identified by studies of human genetics, indicating the interaction can be disrupted by unfavorable mutations, or they may play a key role in the normal biology of a ""model"" organism like the fruit fly, yeast, the worm C. elegans, or mice. To prepare a sample, methods of molecular biology are typically used to make quantities by bacterial fermentation. This also permits changing the isotopic composition of the molecule, which is desirable because the isotopes behave differently and provide methods for identifying overlapping NMR signals.