Deontological ethics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... being right or wrong is basic, and whether a situation is good or bad depends on whether the action that brought it about was right or wrong. To illustrate, imagine that someone can bring it about that nobody in the world suffers from starvation. However, to do so they would have to act in a way tha ...
... being right or wrong is basic, and whether a situation is good or bad depends on whether the action that brought it about was right or wrong. To illustrate, imagine that someone can bring it about that nobody in the world suffers from starvation. However, to do so they would have to act in a way tha ...
Morality in the Modern World
... Possible Relationships between Religion and Moral Values Guiding Principles: Interpretation of Sacred Writings; The Golden Rule; Virtue Theory; Utilitarian Ethics; Kantian Ethics. ...
... Possible Relationships between Religion and Moral Values Guiding Principles: Interpretation of Sacred Writings; The Golden Rule; Virtue Theory; Utilitarian Ethics; Kantian Ethics. ...
Professional Ethics
... Objectivism is the view that “the good” exists outside the human mind. Our role as humans is to find or discover “the good” Since “the good” exists independently of our intellectual activity, its definition never changes. ...
... Objectivism is the view that “the good” exists outside the human mind. Our role as humans is to find or discover “the good” Since “the good” exists independently of our intellectual activity, its definition never changes. ...
Kantianism, Pragmatism, and Autonomy Phillip McReynolds Although
... Although the Greek roots of the word autonomy militate against attributing its invention to Immanuel Kant, it would not be a stretch to argue that Kant created a metaphysics and moral philosophy that gave birth to and insisted upon a level of autonomy not seen in prior philosophical systems. The ess ...
... Although the Greek roots of the word autonomy militate against attributing its invention to Immanuel Kant, it would not be a stretch to argue that Kant created a metaphysics and moral philosophy that gave birth to and insisted upon a level of autonomy not seen in prior philosophical systems. The ess ...
Beginning to Understand Ethics
... Ethical subjectivism is incompatible with moral absolutism, in that the individual or society to whose attitudes moral propositions refer can hold some moral principle to apply regardless of circumstances. 5. If ethics is not a matter of feeling or opinion, what do you believe is the real foundation ...
... Ethical subjectivism is incompatible with moral absolutism, in that the individual or society to whose attitudes moral propositions refer can hold some moral principle to apply regardless of circumstances. 5. If ethics is not a matter of feeling or opinion, what do you believe is the real foundation ...
ETHICS IN GENERAL PRACTICE - South Bristol GP trainers workshop
... DUTIES….obligations we owe to each other based on respect for others. Morality depends on intention (Kant) UTLITY…. Right / wrong judged only by the consequence. The greatest good for the greatest number (John Stuart Mill) RIGHTS….A more recent theory. What a citizen can expect to be provided. ...
... DUTIES….obligations we owe to each other based on respect for others. Morality depends on intention (Kant) UTLITY…. Right / wrong judged only by the consequence. The greatest good for the greatest number (John Stuart Mill) RIGHTS….A more recent theory. What a citizen can expect to be provided. ...
Ethics in Dentistry:
... least that any of the norms that we hold apply to all people, or to all who are members of the moral community. We cannot arbitrarily exclude any of those we may not like, or who may not like us. The common morality applies to everyone. The basics of common morality are best expressed, perhaps, in t ...
... least that any of the norms that we hold apply to all people, or to all who are members of the moral community. We cannot arbitrarily exclude any of those we may not like, or who may not like us. The common morality applies to everyone. The basics of common morality are best expressed, perhaps, in t ...
Ethical Principles
... (DUTY-BASED) APPROACH The means (method/ system) justify the ends of an action Regardless of consequences, based on universal principles i.e. justice, fairness, honesty, and respect Must do the right thing, even it’s not good for most of people Categorical imperative (Kant): duty to act resp ...
... (DUTY-BASED) APPROACH The means (method/ system) justify the ends of an action Regardless of consequences, based on universal principles i.e. justice, fairness, honesty, and respect Must do the right thing, even it’s not good for most of people Categorical imperative (Kant): duty to act resp ...
Chapter 13 Theories Strengths and Weaknesses
... Could establish tyranny of majority. Difficult to measure pleasure accurately. ...
... Could establish tyranny of majority. Difficult to measure pleasure accurately. ...
File - Ethics and Society
... (尊重個人) is derived from the formula of humanity as an end in itself (以人為 本): ‘Never use other people merely (純粹地) as a means (手段) to your own ends (目的).’ ...
... (尊重個人) is derived from the formula of humanity as an end in itself (以人為 本): ‘Never use other people merely (純粹地) as a means (手段) to your own ends (目的).’ ...
Beginning to Understand Ethics
... ANS: The real foundation or roots of ethics to me come from ones culture; also it could be what our creator already hid in our hearts, even what one have learn in studying different ...
... ANS: The real foundation or roots of ethics to me come from ones culture; also it could be what our creator already hid in our hearts, even what one have learn in studying different ...
Immanuel Kant
... • Hypothetical Imperatives claim that a possible action is necessary as a means to the attainment of something one wants. • A Categorical Imperative represents an action as objectively necessary, without regard to a further end. • Kant: Moral requirements derive from a single categorical imperative. ...
... • Hypothetical Imperatives claim that a possible action is necessary as a means to the attainment of something one wants. • A Categorical Imperative represents an action as objectively necessary, without regard to a further end. • Kant: Moral requirements derive from a single categorical imperative. ...
Chapter One: Why Be Ethical?
... independent and internal factor Deontological A human action is morally good when it is done for the sake of duty Therefore moral worth is not measured by the results of actions, but by the motive behind ...
... independent and internal factor Deontological A human action is morally good when it is done for the sake of duty Therefore moral worth is not measured by the results of actions, but by the motive behind ...
IMMANUEL KANT AND THE CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE
... view of Kant's epistemological Idealism, I believe that there is a substantial reason to accept the moral law. My view agrees somewhat with Kant's system which goes beyond the mere Immanent Purpose and Transcendentalist views. My view rests on Christian theism that suggests that we ought to postulat ...
... view of Kant's epistemological Idealism, I believe that there is a substantial reason to accept the moral law. My view agrees somewhat with Kant's system which goes beyond the mere Immanent Purpose and Transcendentalist views. My view rests on Christian theism that suggests that we ought to postulat ...
Basic Moral Orientations Overview
... and increase pleasure or happiness Demands a high degree of self-sacrifice—we must consider the consequencs for everyone. Utilitarians claim the purpose of morality is to make the world a better place. ...
... and increase pleasure or happiness Demands a high degree of self-sacrifice—we must consider the consequencs for everyone. Utilitarians claim the purpose of morality is to make the world a better place. ...
INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY
... estimated that if an invasion of Japan was necessary, as many as 1 million Americans might be killed. The estimated loss of Japanese lives using the bomb was 100,000. He reasoned that more lives would ultimately be saved using the bomb –ending the war and avoiding ...
... estimated that if an invasion of Japan was necessary, as many as 1 million Americans might be killed. The estimated loss of Japanese lives using the bomb was 100,000. He reasoned that more lives would ultimately be saved using the bomb –ending the war and avoiding ...
The tension between self governance and absolute inner worth in
... the idea that autonomy and dignity can, in fact, coexist in mutual harmony, and that genuinely liberal policies can incorporate prohibitions based on traditional accounts of human worth. Depending on the definitions used, the first part of this dual claim can be perfectly true. If autonomy means fre ...
... the idea that autonomy and dignity can, in fact, coexist in mutual harmony, and that genuinely liberal policies can incorporate prohibitions based on traditional accounts of human worth. Depending on the definitions used, the first part of this dual claim can be perfectly true. If autonomy means fre ...
Immanuel Kant
... natural employment--as a use of the sexual members of the other--is an enjoyment for which the one person is given up to the other. In this relation the human individual makes himself into a thing, which is contrary to the right of humanity in his own person. This, however, is only possible under th ...
... natural employment--as a use of the sexual members of the other--is an enjoyment for which the one person is given up to the other. In this relation the human individual makes himself into a thing, which is contrary to the right of humanity in his own person. This, however, is only possible under th ...
Ethics - Greensburg Salem School District
... technological ethics? Why is ethics important? Who decides what is ethical/not ethical? “Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have a right to do and what is the right thing to do.” - Former Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart ...
... technological ethics? Why is ethics important? Who decides what is ethical/not ethical? “Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have a right to do and what is the right thing to do.” - Former Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart ...
Readings in Cyberethics
... • Unique moral issues? • Powerful technologies have profound social consequences ...
... • Unique moral issues? • Powerful technologies have profound social consequences ...
Applied Ethics Introduction & Theories
... Do you need to study ethics to be a good person? No: We learned from our parents, teachers, society what we should or should not do Yes: Some of the assumptions of the society might be wrong Yes: We should be able to decide ourselves on some controversial issues ...
... Do you need to study ethics to be a good person? No: We learned from our parents, teachers, society what we should or should not do Yes: Some of the assumptions of the society might be wrong Yes: We should be able to decide ourselves on some controversial issues ...
Kantian ethics
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Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory ascribed to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. The theory, developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maxim – the principle behind it – is duty to the moral law. Central to Kant's construction of the moral law is the categorical imperative, which acts on all people, regardless of their interests or desires. Kant formulated the categorical imperative in various ways. His principle of universalisability requires that, for an action to be permissible, it must be possible to apply it to all people without a contradiction occurring. His formulation of humanity as an end in itself requires that humans are never treated merely as a means to an end, but always also as ends in themselves. The formulation of autonomy concludes that rational agents are bound to the moral law by their own will, while Kant's concept of the Kingdom of Ends requires that people act as if the principles of their actions establish a law for a hypothetical kingdom. Kant also distinguished between perfect and imperfect duties. A perfect duty, such as the duty not to lie, always holds true; an imperfect duty, such as the duty to give to charity, can be made flexible and applied in particular time and place.American philosopher Louis Pojman has cited Pietism, political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the modern debate between rationalism and empiricism, and the influence of natural law as influences on the development of Kant's ethics. Other philosophers have argued that Kant's parents and his teacher, Martin Knutzen, influenced his ethics. Those influenced by Kantian ethics include philosopher Jürgen Habermas, political philosopher John Rawls, and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. German philosopher G. W. F. Hegel criticised Kant for not providing specific enough detail in his moral theory to affect decision-making and for denying human nature. German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued that ethics should attempt to describe how people behave and criticised Kant for being prescriptive. Michael Stocker has argued that acting out of duty can diminish other moral motivations such as friendship, while Marcia Baron has defended the theory by arguing that duty does not diminish other motivations. The Catholic Church has criticised Kant's ethics as contradictory and regards Christian ethics as more compatible with virtue ethics.The claim that all humans are due dignity and respect as autonomous agents means that medical professionals should be happy for their treatments to be performed upon anyone, and that patients must never be treated merely as useful for society. Kant's approach to sexual ethics emerged from his view that humans should never be used merely as a means to an end, leading him to regard sexual activity as degrading and to condemn certain specific sexual practices. Feminist philosophers have used Kantian ethics to condemn practices such as prostitution and pornography because they do not treat women as ends. Kant also believed that, because animals do not possess rationality, we cannot have duties to them except indirect duties not to develop immoral dispositions through cruelty towards them. Kant used the example of lying as an application of his ethics: because there is a perfect duty to tell the truth, we must never lie, even if it seems that lying would bring about better consequences than telling the truth.