LMC 208: Public Relations
... meaning “custom”, “usage”, or “character”. It is often thought of as a rational process applying established principles when two moral obligations collide.” (Day 2000: 2). • This means that there is often a conflict between two “right” moral obligations and often no one right answer. • Ethics is mea ...
... meaning “custom”, “usage”, or “character”. It is often thought of as a rational process applying established principles when two moral obligations collide.” (Day 2000: 2). • This means that there is often a conflict between two “right” moral obligations and often no one right answer. • Ethics is mea ...
see PowerPoint shared by Paul
... – In an ethical dilemma, don’t stop once you’ve discovered what the law says ‘It’s OK legally, but is it ethical?’ ...
... – In an ethical dilemma, don’t stop once you’ve discovered what the law says ‘It’s OK legally, but is it ethical?’ ...
Morality and Ethics (cont.)
... The Categorical Imperative can be worked out through the principle of universalizability: "Always act according to that maxim whose universality as a law you can at the same time will", and is the "only condition under which a will can never come into conflict with itself…" (Kant, Foundations of the ...
... The Categorical Imperative can be worked out through the principle of universalizability: "Always act according to that maxim whose universality as a law you can at the same time will", and is the "only condition under which a will can never come into conflict with itself…" (Kant, Foundations of the ...
Moral Reasoning
... deontological or duty-based ethics. It judges morality by examining the nature of actions and the will of agents rather than goals achieved. (Roughly, a deontological theory ...
... deontological or duty-based ethics. It judges morality by examining the nature of actions and the will of agents rather than goals achieved. (Roughly, a deontological theory ...
Ethics - Check Out Philosophy
... that tells us what means to use to achieve a desires end Categorical Imperative - A rule that tells us without qualifications what we should do ...
... that tells us what means to use to achieve a desires end Categorical Imperative - A rule that tells us without qualifications what we should do ...
Normative Theories of Ethics
... as determined by fundamental principles that do not derive solely or even primarily from consequences. An act or rule is right insofar as it satisfies the demands of some over-riding (non-consequentialist) principle of moral duty. Deontologists sometimes stress that the value of actions lies more in ...
... as determined by fundamental principles that do not derive solely or even primarily from consequences. An act or rule is right insofar as it satisfies the demands of some over-riding (non-consequentialist) principle of moral duty. Deontologists sometimes stress that the value of actions lies more in ...
Moral Reasoning
... deontological or duty-based ethics. It judges morality by examining the nature of actions and the will of agents rather than goals achieved. (Roughly, a deontological theory ...
... deontological or duty-based ethics. It judges morality by examining the nature of actions and the will of agents rather than goals achieved. (Roughly, a deontological theory ...
1. The Opening Sentence
... have to be educated. But education can to be done properly only by those who are themselves educated (or perhaps even enlightened): and these are the (future) teachers. An educated person reasons well, and can think autonomously. Hence, since good teachers master their subject, they can teach metaph ...
... have to be educated. But education can to be done properly only by those who are themselves educated (or perhaps even enlightened): and these are the (future) teachers. An educated person reasons well, and can think autonomously. Hence, since good teachers master their subject, they can teach metaph ...
Aristotle The only true justification of a kingdom is to create the ideal
... -EX the movie Totsi- upon hearing the babies cry Totsi was notable to leave it alone to die The Beggar -The feeling of responsibility to help a fellow human in need -EX seeing a homeless man on the street asking for change; why do we avoid eye contact? - according to Levinas by looking into the eyes ...
... -EX the movie Totsi- upon hearing the babies cry Totsi was notable to leave it alone to die The Beggar -The feeling of responsibility to help a fellow human in need -EX seeing a homeless man on the street asking for change; why do we avoid eye contact? - according to Levinas by looking into the eyes ...
studies in religion and ethics
... different direction. They went on to develop theories, not of virtue, but of rightness and duty: ● Each person ought to do whatever will best promote his or her own interests. (Ethical Egoism). ● We ought to do whatever will promote the greatest happiness of the greatest number. (Utilitarianism) ● O ...
... different direction. They went on to develop theories, not of virtue, but of rightness and duty: ● Each person ought to do whatever will best promote his or her own interests. (Ethical Egoism). ● We ought to do whatever will promote the greatest happiness of the greatest number. (Utilitarianism) ● O ...
Nonconsequentialist Theories of Morality
... Logical, universal truths Universalizability the important part The Categorical Imperative Act is immoral if the rule that would authorize it cannot be made into a rule for all humans Practical Imperative No human should be thought of or used for another’s end Duty Rather Than Inclination ...
... Logical, universal truths Universalizability the important part The Categorical Imperative Act is immoral if the rule that would authorize it cannot be made into a rule for all humans Practical Imperative No human should be thought of or used for another’s end Duty Rather Than Inclination ...
PHI 246: Theory Exam #1
... convention (your choice, I use Chicago style). However, if you use no other texts in preparing your answers, there is no need to cite the Brannigan textbook. In that case, when you quote passages from our textbook, you may simply put the page number in parentheses. A. Answer one of the following que ...
... convention (your choice, I use Chicago style). However, if you use no other texts in preparing your answers, there is no need to cite the Brannigan textbook. In that case, when you quote passages from our textbook, you may simply put the page number in parentheses. A. Answer one of the following que ...
moraltheory
... 1. Hobbes: nope! 2. Mill: believes that we have sympathy for others and that our happiness depends on the well-being of others. • Kant: not morally valuable. • Aristotle: “fine” [able to make small distinctions] emotions part of identifying & resolving moral dilemmas. ...
... 1. Hobbes: nope! 2. Mill: believes that we have sympathy for others and that our happiness depends on the well-being of others. • Kant: not morally valuable. • Aristotle: “fine” [able to make small distinctions] emotions part of identifying & resolving moral dilemmas. ...
Philosophy 323
... ethics. Prior to Kant, people sought the origin of morality in the natural order, in the ends proper to human beings, or in feelings. In contrast, Kant seeks the conditions of the possibility of morality and locates them in autonomy: the will’s capacity for self-legislation. Why in a capacity of t ...
... ethics. Prior to Kant, people sought the origin of morality in the natural order, in the ends proper to human beings, or in feelings. In contrast, Kant seeks the conditions of the possibility of morality and locates them in autonomy: the will’s capacity for self-legislation. Why in a capacity of t ...
Kantian Deontology
... If you want a pop, then go upstairs and look in the fridge Such imperatives are grounded in our goals, purposes, or interests ...
... If you want a pop, then go upstairs and look in the fridge Such imperatives are grounded in our goals, purposes, or interests ...
Ethical Principles: *Good* vs. *Right*
... applies to everyone and is impossible to opt out of – Kant says morality must be based on CI b/c morality commands us to act in a certain way; to act contrary is immoral, by definition ...
... applies to everyone and is impossible to opt out of – Kant says morality must be based on CI b/c morality commands us to act in a certain way; to act contrary is immoral, by definition ...
Ethics - University of Scranton
... Ethical policies in any field are decided upon by management. I propose that the most practical approach to ethics in the field of security and networking is the Aristotelian – virtue ethics. ...
... Ethical policies in any field are decided upon by management. I propose that the most practical approach to ethics in the field of security and networking is the Aristotelian – virtue ethics. ...
Chapter 3: How Can I Know What is Right?
... Good will is the only thing that can be conceived as good without qualification Action of duty has moral worth not in the purpose to be attained, but by the principle of volition irrespective of desire Duty is the necessity to act out of reverence for the law ...
... Good will is the only thing that can be conceived as good without qualification Action of duty has moral worth not in the purpose to be attained, but by the principle of volition irrespective of desire Duty is the necessity to act out of reverence for the law ...
Was Kant right?
... • Tell the truth so people will trust you. NB Hypotheticals don’t always have an “if”!!! philosophicalinvestigations.co.uk ...
... • Tell the truth so people will trust you. NB Hypotheticals don’t always have an “if”!!! philosophicalinvestigations.co.uk ...
File - Tallis English & Philosophy
... who cannot pay me even though I could do so at little cost to myself. • Generalised: Anyone may refuse to help another person in distress who cannot pay her even though it would cost her little to help. • Can it be conceived without contradiction? Yes. • So being mean passes the non-contradiction te ...
... who cannot pay me even though I could do so at little cost to myself. • Generalised: Anyone may refuse to help another person in distress who cannot pay her even though it would cost her little to help. • Can it be conceived without contradiction? Yes. • So being mean passes the non-contradiction te ...
Kant for Dummies - University of Guelph
... 1) How does the Categorical Imperative produce moral conclusions? By ruling out possible maxims as not in fact being universalizable (and so forbidding us to act on those maxims). 2) What does it mean to say a maxim can’t be universalised? It means that a universal law of nature corresponding to tha ...
... 1) How does the Categorical Imperative produce moral conclusions? By ruling out possible maxims as not in fact being universalizable (and so forbidding us to act on those maxims). 2) What does it mean to say a maxim can’t be universalised? It means that a universal law of nature corresponding to tha ...
Archetypes of Wisdom
... For Kant, our knowledge is formed by two things: our actual experiences and the mind’s faculties of judgment. This means that we cannot know reality as it is, but only as it is organized by human reason. Kant’s term for the world as we perceive it is phenomenal reality. His term for reality as it is ...
... For Kant, our knowledge is formed by two things: our actual experiences and the mind’s faculties of judgment. This means that we cannot know reality as it is, but only as it is organized by human reason. Kant’s term for the world as we perceive it is phenomenal reality. His term for reality as it is ...
How Actions Can Be Morally Evaluated
... following rules but in seeing one’s place in the universe ...
... following rules but in seeing one’s place in the universe ...
Kantian ethics
Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory ascribed to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. The theory, developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maxim – the principle behind it – is duty to the moral law. Central to Kant's construction of the moral law is the categorical imperative, which acts on all people, regardless of their interests or desires. Kant formulated the categorical imperative in various ways. His principle of universalisability requires that, for an action to be permissible, it must be possible to apply it to all people without a contradiction occurring. His formulation of humanity as an end in itself requires that humans are never treated merely as a means to an end, but always also as ends in themselves. The formulation of autonomy concludes that rational agents are bound to the moral law by their own will, while Kant's concept of the Kingdom of Ends requires that people act as if the principles of their actions establish a law for a hypothetical kingdom. Kant also distinguished between perfect and imperfect duties. A perfect duty, such as the duty not to lie, always holds true; an imperfect duty, such as the duty to give to charity, can be made flexible and applied in particular time and place.American philosopher Louis Pojman has cited Pietism, political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the modern debate between rationalism and empiricism, and the influence of natural law as influences on the development of Kant's ethics. Other philosophers have argued that Kant's parents and his teacher, Martin Knutzen, influenced his ethics. Those influenced by Kantian ethics include philosopher Jürgen Habermas, political philosopher John Rawls, and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. German philosopher G. W. F. Hegel criticised Kant for not providing specific enough detail in his moral theory to affect decision-making and for denying human nature. German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued that ethics should attempt to describe how people behave and criticised Kant for being prescriptive. Michael Stocker has argued that acting out of duty can diminish other moral motivations such as friendship, while Marcia Baron has defended the theory by arguing that duty does not diminish other motivations. The Catholic Church has criticised Kant's ethics as contradictory and regards Christian ethics as more compatible with virtue ethics.The claim that all humans are due dignity and respect as autonomous agents means that medical professionals should be happy for their treatments to be performed upon anyone, and that patients must never be treated merely as useful for society. Kant's approach to sexual ethics emerged from his view that humans should never be used merely as a means to an end, leading him to regard sexual activity as degrading and to condemn certain specific sexual practices. Feminist philosophers have used Kantian ethics to condemn practices such as prostitution and pornography because they do not treat women as ends. Kant also believed that, because animals do not possess rationality, we cannot have duties to them except indirect duties not to develop immoral dispositions through cruelty towards them. Kant used the example of lying as an application of his ethics: because there is a perfect duty to tell the truth, we must never lie, even if it seems that lying would bring about better consequences than telling the truth.