abortion - Quodvultdeus
... we are autonomous beings (we have the moral law within). (Such self proclaimed authority and autonomy (so characteristic of the ‘Enlightenment’) is summed up in Kant’s dictum: “Have the courage to use your own reason”). ...
... we are autonomous beings (we have the moral law within). (Such self proclaimed authority and autonomy (so characteristic of the ‘Enlightenment’) is summed up in Kant’s dictum: “Have the courage to use your own reason”). ...
Explain Kant`s understanding of Universal Maxims (33)
... what actions are required and which are forbidden. They differ from hypothetical imperatives in that categorical imperatives require no reasoning, for instance “I ought to tell the truth”. Categorical imperatives are conditional, for instance “If I want x, I must do y”. “All imperatives command eith ...
... what actions are required and which are forbidden. They differ from hypothetical imperatives in that categorical imperatives require no reasoning, for instance “I ought to tell the truth”. Categorical imperatives are conditional, for instance “If I want x, I must do y”. “All imperatives command eith ...
Kant and the force of duty - The Richmond Philosophy Pages
... CI is the most general way in which the categorical imperative can be expressed. Reason alone discloses to us the basis of morality, the form of the moral law commanding and directing our intentions and actions. Kant proceeds to give more specified formulations of the categorical imperative to show ...
... CI is the most general way in which the categorical imperative can be expressed. Reason alone discloses to us the basis of morality, the form of the moral law commanding and directing our intentions and actions. Kant proceeds to give more specified formulations of the categorical imperative to show ...
Human Personhood from a Kantian Perspective
... we can only perceive them the way our senses are made. The inputs we get are organized by our senses and our mental faculties and thereby we create the objects we see out in the world” (as cited in Gilgen, 2005). In Kant‟s opinion, there are two worlds. The first world is the real world, known as th ...
... we can only perceive them the way our senses are made. The inputs we get are organized by our senses and our mental faculties and thereby we create the objects we see out in the world” (as cited in Gilgen, 2005). In Kant‟s opinion, there are two worlds. The first world is the real world, known as th ...
Morality and Justice Final Paper
... in order for one’s actions to be truly free, they must be governed by a maxim that can be universalized, which is essentially the first formulation of the categorical imperative. The authority of the good will lies in us, in our reasons, not in our feelings or inclinations. The good will is good not ...
... in order for one’s actions to be truly free, they must be governed by a maxim that can be universalized, which is essentially the first formulation of the categorical imperative. The authority of the good will lies in us, in our reasons, not in our feelings or inclinations. The good will is good not ...
Theories of Morality - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
... Kant believed that our actions were not as important as our intentions in morality Kant also believed all humans were capable, through reason, of figuring out right/wrong. Reason is an authority ‘in’ us but it transcends us Why be Moral?: “It is the rationale thing to do.” ...
... Kant believed that our actions were not as important as our intentions in morality Kant also believed all humans were capable, through reason, of figuring out right/wrong. Reason is an authority ‘in’ us but it transcends us Why be Moral?: “It is the rationale thing to do.” ...
Kant and Duty
... Ethical duties should be the same for all in everyday circumstance. Kant: Moral truth stands by itself; it is AUTONOMOUS and Self-Contained Rejects consequentialist ethics. CONSEQUENTIALISM - Relies on what is, it can never get us to ethics (OUGHT). Ethical decision making needs something other than ...
... Ethical duties should be the same for all in everyday circumstance. Kant: Moral truth stands by itself; it is AUTONOMOUS and Self-Contained Rejects consequentialist ethics. CONSEQUENTIALISM - Relies on what is, it can never get us to ethics (OUGHT). Ethical decision making needs something other than ...
Phil 206 2007 - UKZN: Philosophy
... Answer one of the following questions: 1. Critically discuss Kant’s view that there could not be an imperative that commands us “to do what will make us happy” (pp. 81-82 of the Groundwork). 2. Kant says that it might not be possible to identify a single unambiguous example of a moral action. a) Exp ...
... Answer one of the following questions: 1. Critically discuss Kant’s view that there could not be an imperative that commands us “to do what will make us happy” (pp. 81-82 of the Groundwork). 2. Kant says that it might not be possible to identify a single unambiguous example of a moral action. a) Exp ...
Lecture 9, Traditional Ethical Theories, Kant
... Rightness of actions is independent of consequences. The Categorical Imperative defines our moral duties. Moral duties, e.g. not to kill or harm innocent people not to lie to keep promises to respect the rights of others The Categorical Imperative can be understood through reason. ...
... Rightness of actions is independent of consequences. The Categorical Imperative defines our moral duties. Moral duties, e.g. not to kill or harm innocent people not to lie to keep promises to respect the rights of others The Categorical Imperative can be understood through reason. ...
Lecture 25: Kantian moral theory
... it should become a universal law The categorical imperative is a test for rightness or wrongness of an action A categorical imperative is an absolute and universal moral ought We are obligated to obey the categorical imperative because of our nature as rational beings ...
... it should become a universal law The categorical imperative is a test for rightness or wrongness of an action A categorical imperative is an absolute and universal moral ought We are obligated to obey the categorical imperative because of our nature as rational beings ...
EECS 690
... The Categorical Imperative • The categorical imperative is Kant’s test to see if an action can pass as moral. • Kant phrased this test in between 3 and 5 different ways (depending on which Kant scholar you ask) • We will focus on two of these. ...
... The Categorical Imperative • The categorical imperative is Kant’s test to see if an action can pass as moral. • Kant phrased this test in between 3 and 5 different ways (depending on which Kant scholar you ask) • We will focus on two of these. ...
Phil 160
... • Telling a lie is always wrong, and seriously wrong because it damages the fabric of civil society and morality itself. • The consequences to truth and lies are irrelevant. It is the nature of the action itself that determines its rightness. • If you tell the truth you are not legally (or morally) ...
... • Telling a lie is always wrong, and seriously wrong because it damages the fabric of civil society and morality itself. • The consequences to truth and lies are irrelevant. It is the nature of the action itself that determines its rightness. • If you tell the truth you are not legally (or morally) ...
Deontology
... To be moral the act must be done from a sense duty. Moral value comes from the maxim by which action is determined and not in the purpose; Depends on my personal motivation Duty is the necessity of an action with respect to the law ...
... To be moral the act must be done from a sense duty. Moral value comes from the maxim by which action is determined and not in the purpose; Depends on my personal motivation Duty is the necessity of an action with respect to the law ...
Practice Quiz - General Ethics
... b) as a means to a virtue-filled life. c) as an end, meaning, as a way to escape ...
... b) as a means to a virtue-filled life. c) as an end, meaning, as a way to escape ...
Kant and Moral Duties
... motive); and A person is morally good (“good will”) if he or she can be counted on to do his/her duty, motivated solely by a respect or reverence for the moral law (rather than consideration of some other, variable principle). ...
... motive); and A person is morally good (“good will”) if he or she can be counted on to do his/her duty, motivated solely by a respect or reverence for the moral law (rather than consideration of some other, variable principle). ...
Do unto others…
... Driving away from an accident knowing people will die as a result? Consequences determine moral effect. ...
... Driving away from an accident knowing people will die as a result? Consequences determine moral effect. ...
SEEING THE LIGHT
... (potential consequences/objectives), Deontological ethicists focus on the present (moral duties, intentions). ...
... (potential consequences/objectives), Deontological ethicists focus on the present (moral duties, intentions). ...
Slide 1
... should never treat humanity “merely as a means” (to getting what we want), but “always as an end in itself”. ...
... should never treat humanity “merely as a means” (to getting what we want), but “always as an end in itself”. ...
The motivation to be ethical
... foundation for all ethics and indeed there is a term recognising this interpretation of Ethics, Deontological Ethics. Kant did not suggest the term himself for it was first used in 1930 by CD Broad in his book Five types of Ethical Theory. “Deon” comes from the Greek word δέον meaning obligation or ...
... foundation for all ethics and indeed there is a term recognising this interpretation of Ethics, Deontological Ethics. Kant did not suggest the term himself for it was first used in 1930 by CD Broad in his book Five types of Ethical Theory. “Deon” comes from the Greek word δέον meaning obligation or ...
Kant
... I ought to do if some conditions hold. E.g., Maxim: I ought to attend the lecture if I want to ...
... I ought to do if some conditions hold. E.g., Maxim: I ought to attend the lecture if I want to ...
The Ethics of Duty
... universally. Kant disallows this since the maxim contains conditional language (a hypothetical imperative rather than a categorical imperative). But if one forms the maxim: “it is a duty to save life” it becomes acceptable. ...
... universally. Kant disallows this since the maxim contains conditional language (a hypothetical imperative rather than a categorical imperative). But if one forms the maxim: “it is a duty to save life” it becomes acceptable. ...
Kant`s Ethical Theory
... UK and many international laws. When Jack Kevorkian tried to defend his killing of Thomas Youk, the judge limited the evidence he could introduce, saying it didn’t matter if he intended to help Mr Youk, or if Mr Youk wanted to die. What was important was the act itself. ...
... UK and many international laws. When Jack Kevorkian tried to defend his killing of Thomas Youk, the judge limited the evidence he could introduce, saying it didn’t matter if he intended to help Mr Youk, or if Mr Youk wanted to die. What was important was the act itself. ...
Ethical Theories
... one’s own good wouldn’t ever want to ask anyone for help one couldn’t then repay, so we SHOULD help others without regard for our own repayment, when possible) ...
... one’s own good wouldn’t ever want to ask anyone for help one couldn’t then repay, so we SHOULD help others without regard for our own repayment, when possible) ...
Kantian ethics
Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory ascribed to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. The theory, developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maxim – the principle behind it – is duty to the moral law. Central to Kant's construction of the moral law is the categorical imperative, which acts on all people, regardless of their interests or desires. Kant formulated the categorical imperative in various ways. His principle of universalisability requires that, for an action to be permissible, it must be possible to apply it to all people without a contradiction occurring. His formulation of humanity as an end in itself requires that humans are never treated merely as a means to an end, but always also as ends in themselves. The formulation of autonomy concludes that rational agents are bound to the moral law by their own will, while Kant's concept of the Kingdom of Ends requires that people act as if the principles of their actions establish a law for a hypothetical kingdom. Kant also distinguished between perfect and imperfect duties. A perfect duty, such as the duty not to lie, always holds true; an imperfect duty, such as the duty to give to charity, can be made flexible and applied in particular time and place.American philosopher Louis Pojman has cited Pietism, political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the modern debate between rationalism and empiricism, and the influence of natural law as influences on the development of Kant's ethics. Other philosophers have argued that Kant's parents and his teacher, Martin Knutzen, influenced his ethics. Those influenced by Kantian ethics include philosopher Jürgen Habermas, political philosopher John Rawls, and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. German philosopher G. W. F. Hegel criticised Kant for not providing specific enough detail in his moral theory to affect decision-making and for denying human nature. German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued that ethics should attempt to describe how people behave and criticised Kant for being prescriptive. Michael Stocker has argued that acting out of duty can diminish other moral motivations such as friendship, while Marcia Baron has defended the theory by arguing that duty does not diminish other motivations. The Catholic Church has criticised Kant's ethics as contradictory and regards Christian ethics as more compatible with virtue ethics.The claim that all humans are due dignity and respect as autonomous agents means that medical professionals should be happy for their treatments to be performed upon anyone, and that patients must never be treated merely as useful for society. Kant's approach to sexual ethics emerged from his view that humans should never be used merely as a means to an end, leading him to regard sexual activity as degrading and to condemn certain specific sexual practices. Feminist philosophers have used Kantian ethics to condemn practices such as prostitution and pornography because they do not treat women as ends. Kant also believed that, because animals do not possess rationality, we cannot have duties to them except indirect duties not to develop immoral dispositions through cruelty towards them. Kant used the example of lying as an application of his ethics: because there is a perfect duty to tell the truth, we must never lie, even if it seems that lying would bring about better consequences than telling the truth.