Chapter One: Moral Reasons
... true relative to some particular standards. Cultural relativism: Moral truths are not absolutely true but are relative to a particular society. – Whether an act is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of society and not on an absolute standard. ...
... true relative to some particular standards. Cultural relativism: Moral truths are not absolutely true but are relative to a particular society. – Whether an act is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of society and not on an absolute standard. ...
Introduction to Moral Theories and Principles that inform ethical
... century. ‘Kantianism’ is a modern term, referring to a Kant-like emphasis on duties and rules. Kant defended rules such as ‘do not lie’, ‘keep promises’, ‘do not kill’ on what he claimed were rational grounds. Rules should comply with the categorical imperative. The categorical imperative holds that ...
... century. ‘Kantianism’ is a modern term, referring to a Kant-like emphasis on duties and rules. Kant defended rules such as ‘do not lie’, ‘keep promises’, ‘do not kill’ on what he claimed were rational grounds. Rules should comply with the categorical imperative. The categorical imperative holds that ...
Some different views.. - Personal web pages for people of Metropolia
... respect persons e.g. Deontology/Kantianism ...
... respect persons e.g. Deontology/Kantianism ...
Introduction to Ethical Theory II
... Rejecting Consequentialism: "A good will is good not because of what it effects or accomplishes." Even if by bad luck a good person never accomplishes anything much, the good will would "like a jewel, still shine by its own light as something which has its full value in itself." ...
... Rejecting Consequentialism: "A good will is good not because of what it effects or accomplishes." Even if by bad luck a good person never accomplishes anything much, the good will would "like a jewel, still shine by its own light as something which has its full value in itself." ...
Ethics rev1
... we belong. Community includes our family, ethnic, cultural, social and religious heritages and has a profound effect on shaping our values, and thus our ethics. Community when seen as exclusive is limited to those like us, and everyone else is “them” and is not worthy of moral consideration. The dec ...
... we belong. Community includes our family, ethnic, cultural, social and religious heritages and has a profound effect on shaping our values, and thus our ethics. Community when seen as exclusive is limited to those like us, and everyone else is “them” and is not worthy of moral consideration. The dec ...
ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
... Ethics - the moral principles and values that govern the actions and decisions of an individual or group. Ethics are different from laws. Laws - society’s standards and values that are enforceable in court. Three factors typically influence a business person’s ethical decisions: 1. Societal Culture ...
... Ethics - the moral principles and values that govern the actions and decisions of an individual or group. Ethics are different from laws. Laws - society’s standards and values that are enforceable in court. Three factors typically influence a business person’s ethical decisions: 1. Societal Culture ...
Chapter One: Why Be Ethical
... Immoral: Refers to the way people ought not to act. It negatively affects others Amoral: Refers to morally neutral actions (not good or bad), it can also describe attitudes, behaviours that show no sensitivity to the question of right or wrong Principle: Fundamental law, rule or code of conduc ...
... Immoral: Refers to the way people ought not to act. It negatively affects others Amoral: Refers to morally neutral actions (not good or bad), it can also describe attitudes, behaviours that show no sensitivity to the question of right or wrong Principle: Fundamental law, rule or code of conduc ...
Routledge: Kantian Ethics
... He calls it the ‘supreme principle of morality’ and the ‘categorical imperative’. He formulates this fundamental principle of ethics in various ways. The formulation most discussed in the philosophical literature runs ‘act only on that maxim [principle] through which you can at the same time will th ...
... He calls it the ‘supreme principle of morality’ and the ‘categorical imperative’. He formulates this fundamental principle of ethics in various ways. The formulation most discussed in the philosophical literature runs ‘act only on that maxim [principle] through which you can at the same time will th ...
Ethics in the Practice of Health Profession
... “Always obtain oral or written consent for any medical intervention with competent patients EXCEPT in emergencies, low risk situations and when patient waive the right to adequate information” ...
... “Always obtain oral or written consent for any medical intervention with competent patients EXCEPT in emergencies, low risk situations and when patient waive the right to adequate information” ...
Ethics workshop 2012
... century, knowledge and technical power in biological sciences had been increasing continuously but reflection about the values at stake had not progressed in the same proportion. ...
... century, knowledge and technical power in biological sciences had been increasing continuously but reflection about the values at stake had not progressed in the same proportion. ...
Marketing Ethics
... Adolescent. Group Right decided by norms of the group regardless loyalty & norms. Concern for law, order. of consequences action defined by Adult. Concern for Right universal moral others & adherence to principles that apply to universal moral all persons. principles ...
... Adolescent. Group Right decided by norms of the group regardless loyalty & norms. Concern for law, order. of consequences action defined by Adult. Concern for Right universal moral others & adherence to principles that apply to universal moral all persons. principles ...
IMMANUEL KANT`S ETHICAL THEORY RIGHTS AND DUTIES DR
... which you determine what your duties are, what you should and should not do. It is categorical, because it applies (or is intended to apply) to everyone, without any exceptions, and it is an imperative, since it is a command. So it is a command that applies consistently, to everyone. You might think ...
... which you determine what your duties are, what you should and should not do. It is categorical, because it applies (or is intended to apply) to everyone, without any exceptions, and it is an imperative, since it is a command. So it is a command that applies consistently, to everyone. You might think ...
360 Business Ethics
... those who are worthy of being treated like rational beings. • This is a flowery way of saying not to treat people ...
... those who are worthy of being treated like rational beings. • This is a flowery way of saying not to treat people ...
Kant`s Ethical Theory
... moral rules rather than following the dictates of some authority or other—e.g., government, society, or even God. Since our maxims must be universalizable, in giving ourselves those moral rules, we are, in effect, legislating for everyone else as well. Objections to Kant’s Ethical Theory 1. It is ...
... moral rules rather than following the dictates of some authority or other—e.g., government, society, or even God. Since our maxims must be universalizable, in giving ourselves those moral rules, we are, in effect, legislating for everyone else as well. Objections to Kant’s Ethical Theory 1. It is ...
The Moral Point of View - Seattle Preparatory School
... Compassion Other philosophers have seen the origin of the moral life to be in compassion, feeling for the suffering of other sentient beings. Josiah Royce: “Such as that is for me, so is it for him, nothing less.” ...
... Compassion Other philosophers have seen the origin of the moral life to be in compassion, feeling for the suffering of other sentient beings. Josiah Royce: “Such as that is for me, so is it for him, nothing less.” ...
clouds
... Divine Command Theory -- “Any position in ethics which claims that the rightness or wrongness of actions depends on whether they correspond to God’s commands or not.” ...
... Divine Command Theory -- “Any position in ethics which claims that the rightness or wrongness of actions depends on whether they correspond to God’s commands or not.” ...
Normative Ethical Theory
... ethics. Prior to Kant, people sought the origin of morality in the natural order, in the ends proper to human beings, or in feelings. In contrast, Kant seeks the conditions of the possibility of morality and locates them in autonomy: the will’s capacity for self-legislation. Why in a capacity of t ...
... ethics. Prior to Kant, people sought the origin of morality in the natural order, in the ends proper to human beings, or in feelings. In contrast, Kant seeks the conditions of the possibility of morality and locates them in autonomy: the will’s capacity for self-legislation. Why in a capacity of t ...
What follows is a brief summary of the material on Kant
... 1) Perform only those actions that you can will as universally binding on all people at all times. 2) always treat people as ends in themselves and not JUST as means to an end. (moral respect for persons) Act/Rule Deontology: As with utilitarianism, there are two general forms of deontology – act an ...
... 1) Perform only those actions that you can will as universally binding on all people at all times. 2) always treat people as ends in themselves and not JUST as means to an end. (moral respect for persons) Act/Rule Deontology: As with utilitarianism, there are two general forms of deontology – act an ...
Kant and the Moral Will
... fitting as a principle in a possible legislation of universal law, and reason exacts from me immediate respect for such legislation. (15) VII. Questions and Concerns 1) Isn’t the good will part of an individual’s character? How is Kant’s view different from Aristotle’s in this respect, i.e., is Kant ...
... fitting as a principle in a possible legislation of universal law, and reason exacts from me immediate respect for such legislation. (15) VII. Questions and Concerns 1) Isn’t the good will part of an individual’s character? How is Kant’s view different from Aristotle’s in this respect, i.e., is Kant ...
chapter 1: learning
... The only thing good without qualification or exception is a good will (other good things can be used for bad purposes or with bad results, but not a good will) A good will is one that operates entirely in accordance with the dictates of pure reason The categorical imperative is the universal command ...
... The only thing good without qualification or exception is a good will (other good things can be used for bad purposes or with bad results, but not a good will) A good will is one that operates entirely in accordance with the dictates of pure reason The categorical imperative is the universal command ...
Utililitarianism
... The purpose of morality is to make the world a better place. Morality is about producing good consequences, not having good intentions We should do whatever will bring the most benefit (i.e., intrinsic value) to all of humanity. ...
... The purpose of morality is to make the world a better place. Morality is about producing good consequences, not having good intentions We should do whatever will bring the most benefit (i.e., intrinsic value) to all of humanity. ...
TC chapter 9– TCing about moral issues
... old and young alike, not to take thought for your persons or your properties, but first and chiefly to care about the greatest improvement of your soul. I tell you that virtue is not given by money, but that from virtue comes money and every other good of man, public as well as private. This is my ...
... old and young alike, not to take thought for your persons or your properties, but first and chiefly to care about the greatest improvement of your soul. I tell you that virtue is not given by money, but that from virtue comes money and every other good of man, public as well as private. This is my ...
Kantian ethics
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Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory ascribed to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. The theory, developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maxim – the principle behind it – is duty to the moral law. Central to Kant's construction of the moral law is the categorical imperative, which acts on all people, regardless of their interests or desires. Kant formulated the categorical imperative in various ways. His principle of universalisability requires that, for an action to be permissible, it must be possible to apply it to all people without a contradiction occurring. His formulation of humanity as an end in itself requires that humans are never treated merely as a means to an end, but always also as ends in themselves. The formulation of autonomy concludes that rational agents are bound to the moral law by their own will, while Kant's concept of the Kingdom of Ends requires that people act as if the principles of their actions establish a law for a hypothetical kingdom. Kant also distinguished between perfect and imperfect duties. A perfect duty, such as the duty not to lie, always holds true; an imperfect duty, such as the duty to give to charity, can be made flexible and applied in particular time and place.American philosopher Louis Pojman has cited Pietism, political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the modern debate between rationalism and empiricism, and the influence of natural law as influences on the development of Kant's ethics. Other philosophers have argued that Kant's parents and his teacher, Martin Knutzen, influenced his ethics. Those influenced by Kantian ethics include philosopher Jürgen Habermas, political philosopher John Rawls, and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. German philosopher G. W. F. Hegel criticised Kant for not providing specific enough detail in his moral theory to affect decision-making and for denying human nature. German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued that ethics should attempt to describe how people behave and criticised Kant for being prescriptive. Michael Stocker has argued that acting out of duty can diminish other moral motivations such as friendship, while Marcia Baron has defended the theory by arguing that duty does not diminish other motivations. The Catholic Church has criticised Kant's ethics as contradictory and regards Christian ethics as more compatible with virtue ethics.The claim that all humans are due dignity and respect as autonomous agents means that medical professionals should be happy for their treatments to be performed upon anyone, and that patients must never be treated merely as useful for society. Kant's approach to sexual ethics emerged from his view that humans should never be used merely as a means to an end, leading him to regard sexual activity as degrading and to condemn certain specific sexual practices. Feminist philosophers have used Kantian ethics to condemn practices such as prostitution and pornography because they do not treat women as ends. Kant also believed that, because animals do not possess rationality, we cannot have duties to them except indirect duties not to develop immoral dispositions through cruelty towards them. Kant used the example of lying as an application of his ethics: because there is a perfect duty to tell the truth, we must never lie, even if it seems that lying would bring about better consequences than telling the truth.