- MAD Maxfield
... Actions are judged right or wrong solely by their consequences. Right actions are those that produce the greatest balance of happiness over unhappiness. Each person’s happiness is equally important. Strength--promotes human well-being and attempts to lessen human suffering. Weakness--One person’s go ...
... Actions are judged right or wrong solely by their consequences. Right actions are those that produce the greatest balance of happiness over unhappiness. Each person’s happiness is equally important. Strength--promotes human well-being and attempts to lessen human suffering. Weakness--One person’s go ...
PHILOSOPHY_6
... human actions. It is a field that seeks to unearth the nature of morality and what the right moral judgement entails. It touches every facet of life where one can point to one human conduct or the other. Ethics is a rational inquiry. It is practiced with the belief that human beings are rational, an ...
... human actions. It is a field that seeks to unearth the nature of morality and what the right moral judgement entails. It touches every facet of life where one can point to one human conduct or the other. Ethics is a rational inquiry. It is practiced with the belief that human beings are rational, an ...
Philosophy 110W - That Marcus Family Home
... The second version of the categorical imperative counsels us never to use persons as mere means. Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end (Kant 545b). Using someone as a ...
... The second version of the categorical imperative counsels us never to use persons as mere means. Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end (Kant 545b). Using someone as a ...
Phil 104, February 1, 2007 Kant: Acting from Duty Preface: What is
... • The a priori part is the “metaphysics of morals.” This is the topic of the book. The aim of the book is to identify and to justify “the supreme principle of morality.” Kant thinks that this principle is implicit in our common ideas. We just need to make it explicit. The first two sections aim to d ...
... • The a priori part is the “metaphysics of morals.” This is the topic of the book. The aim of the book is to identify and to justify “the supreme principle of morality.” Kant thinks that this principle is implicit in our common ideas. We just need to make it explicit. The first two sections aim to d ...
No Slide Title
... – a major social consequence of idealized bureaucratic control is a world without need for emotional decisionmaking: • “The dominance of a spirit of formalistic impersonality, sine ira et studio, without hatred or passion, and hence without affection or enthusiasm. The dominant norms are concepts of ...
... – a major social consequence of idealized bureaucratic control is a world without need for emotional decisionmaking: • “The dominance of a spirit of formalistic impersonality, sine ira et studio, without hatred or passion, and hence without affection or enthusiasm. The dominant norms are concepts of ...
File
... Philosopher: As is often the case, it depends on what one means by “relative” and “absolute”. Many people make the mistake of thinking that ethics is just a matter of opinion and that people cannot err in setting their own moral standards. If that were true, however, then we would not be able to off ...
... Philosopher: As is often the case, it depends on what one means by “relative” and “absolute”. Many people make the mistake of thinking that ethics is just a matter of opinion and that people cannot err in setting their own moral standards. If that were true, however, then we would not be able to off ...
When Maxims Clash: Categorical Imperative and
... When Maxims Clash: Categorical Imperative and Utilitarianism Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy, as outlined in his 1788 work Critique of Practical Reason, is about a free will following subjective maxims and objective laws, all in accordance with the fundamental principle: “So act that the maxim of y ...
... When Maxims Clash: Categorical Imperative and Utilitarianism Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy, as outlined in his 1788 work Critique of Practical Reason, is about a free will following subjective maxims and objective laws, all in accordance with the fundamental principle: “So act that the maxim of y ...
Ethics Learning Module
... • Organizations are encouraged to increase the diversity of its TMT if they want to reduce the chances of unethical decision making LM-8 ...
... • Organizations are encouraged to increase the diversity of its TMT if they want to reduce the chances of unethical decision making LM-8 ...
Humanities 117: Philosophical Perspectives on the Humanities First Paper
... morality, empiricism, skepticism? (You might also consider bringing in some of the other thinkers from last quarter—e.g., Leibniz, St. Anselm. But try to focus mostly on Hume and Kant.) 7. Compare Kant’s argument, at the beginning of section I of the Grounding, that the only absolutely good thing i ...
... morality, empiricism, skepticism? (You might also consider bringing in some of the other thinkers from last quarter—e.g., Leibniz, St. Anselm. But try to focus mostly on Hume and Kant.) 7. Compare Kant’s argument, at the beginning of section I of the Grounding, that the only absolutely good thing i ...
Ethics
... development in which the individual is characterized as not understanding the rules or feeling a sense or obligation to them. Looking to experience only that which is good or pleasant or to avoid that which is painful.” ...
... development in which the individual is characterized as not understanding the rules or feeling a sense or obligation to them. Looking to experience only that which is good or pleasant or to avoid that which is painful.” ...
Aristotle on Human Excellence
... A standard objection to utilitarianism alleges that the theory will require the use of unjust means whenever doing so is likely to produce a greater balance of pleasure. This would permit a policy of punishing the innocent to avert a riot, to deter wrongdoers, etc. Utilitarians may respond by pointi ...
... A standard objection to utilitarianism alleges that the theory will require the use of unjust means whenever doing so is likely to produce a greater balance of pleasure. This would permit a policy of punishing the innocent to avert a riot, to deter wrongdoers, etc. Utilitarians may respond by pointi ...
is there a moral code regardless of time and place?
... to be morally good it is not enough that it should conform to the moral law, but it must also be done for the sake of the law". "Moral law is the norm of the action not of the content!" he says. (Benjamin, Walter 2013) So if you try to control by putting as many norms as possible, ultimately you can ...
... to be morally good it is not enough that it should conform to the moral law, but it must also be done for the sake of the law". "Moral law is the norm of the action not of the content!" he says. (Benjamin, Walter 2013) So if you try to control by putting as many norms as possible, ultimately you can ...
2. NOTIONS OF MORALITY (notes)
... PRINCIPLES OF THE CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE Act only according to that maxim by which you can also will that it would become a universal law. Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time ...
... PRINCIPLES OF THE CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE Act only according to that maxim by which you can also will that it would become a universal law. Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time ...
Philosophical Ethics - Bucknell University
... Familiar struggle between what we want to do and what we ought to do What we want is irrelevant ...
... Familiar struggle between what we want to do and what we ought to do What we want is irrelevant ...
6 African Ethics
... • Defenders of each religion claim that they know the only true way • Obviously, not all can be right • How can we decide who is right? • How can we judge which alleged revelations really come from God? ...
... • Defenders of each religion claim that they know the only true way • Obviously, not all can be right • How can we decide who is right? • How can we judge which alleged revelations really come from God? ...
the value in a story
... position, it is far less defensible than the simpler view of Murdoch. We need no radical skepticism about description, morals, or anything else to feel at least as confident about an individual understanding as about the allegedly underlying logic or principles. That is a less dogmatic a view than t ...
... position, it is far less defensible than the simpler view of Murdoch. We need no radical skepticism about description, morals, or anything else to feel at least as confident about an individual understanding as about the allegedly underlying logic or principles. That is a less dogmatic a view than t ...
Ethical basis of the potter box, kant, and rawls
... “You do the right thing simply because it is the right thing to do.” We should act as we expect all humans to act ...
... “You do the right thing simply because it is the right thing to do.” We should act as we expect all humans to act ...
![Immanuel Kant and the moral law[1].](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008156245_1-0954351fa26f97bca4afa0ec0ff942e5-300x300.png)
Immanuel Kant and the moral law[1].
... • Universalisability allows morality to be stable, since if notions of right or wrong vary between individuals, cultures or situations, moral life in society will lack the foundation of trust and coherence for us to develop morally. • Morality therefore has to be rooted in something that is good wit ...
... • Universalisability allows morality to be stable, since if notions of right or wrong vary between individuals, cultures or situations, moral life in society will lack the foundation of trust and coherence for us to develop morally. • Morality therefore has to be rooted in something that is good wit ...
Kant`s Epistemology
... capacity of the human mind by which it organizes and structures raw sense data. One of the categories is PUC. – One may see a similarity between Kant’s view of perception and Aristotle’s view of substance. – For Aristotle, a substance is created when a form organizes and structures inherently formle ...
... capacity of the human mind by which it organizes and structures raw sense data. One of the categories is PUC. – One may see a similarity between Kant’s view of perception and Aristotle’s view of substance. – For Aristotle, a substance is created when a form organizes and structures inherently formle ...
Moral Philosophy and Business
... Utilitarianism is the view that we should always act to promote the greatest balance of good over bad for everyone affected by our actions. By “good” utilitarians mean happiness, or pleasure. The basic theme of this view is held in the work of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Bentham thought tha ...
... Utilitarianism is the view that we should always act to promote the greatest balance of good over bad for everyone affected by our actions. By “good” utilitarians mean happiness, or pleasure. The basic theme of this view is held in the work of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Bentham thought tha ...
ethical theory
... -- ethical theory emphasizes general principles meant to explain our intuitions on cases we tend to agree about, as well as yielding answers to some disputed cases -- at a higher level, philosophical ethics divides into meta- and normative ethics: -- normative ethics is ethics “proper,” answering wh ...
... -- ethical theory emphasizes general principles meant to explain our intuitions on cases we tend to agree about, as well as yielding answers to some disputed cases -- at a higher level, philosophical ethics divides into meta- and normative ethics: -- normative ethics is ethics “proper,” answering wh ...
Ethical Theories
... • We need not respect all aspects of a culture • The boundaries of a culture are difficult to set • The existence of moral differences does not justify them: “is does not imply ought” (the naturalistic fallacy) • Universal moral values are simply interpreted differently in different cultures ...
... • We need not respect all aspects of a culture • The boundaries of a culture are difficult to set • The existence of moral differences does not justify them: “is does not imply ought” (the naturalistic fallacy) • Universal moral values are simply interpreted differently in different cultures ...
Kantian ethics
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Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory ascribed to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. The theory, developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maxim – the principle behind it – is duty to the moral law. Central to Kant's construction of the moral law is the categorical imperative, which acts on all people, regardless of their interests or desires. Kant formulated the categorical imperative in various ways. His principle of universalisability requires that, for an action to be permissible, it must be possible to apply it to all people without a contradiction occurring. His formulation of humanity as an end in itself requires that humans are never treated merely as a means to an end, but always also as ends in themselves. The formulation of autonomy concludes that rational agents are bound to the moral law by their own will, while Kant's concept of the Kingdom of Ends requires that people act as if the principles of their actions establish a law for a hypothetical kingdom. Kant also distinguished between perfect and imperfect duties. A perfect duty, such as the duty not to lie, always holds true; an imperfect duty, such as the duty to give to charity, can be made flexible and applied in particular time and place.American philosopher Louis Pojman has cited Pietism, political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the modern debate between rationalism and empiricism, and the influence of natural law as influences on the development of Kant's ethics. Other philosophers have argued that Kant's parents and his teacher, Martin Knutzen, influenced his ethics. Those influenced by Kantian ethics include philosopher Jürgen Habermas, political philosopher John Rawls, and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. German philosopher G. W. F. Hegel criticised Kant for not providing specific enough detail in his moral theory to affect decision-making and for denying human nature. German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued that ethics should attempt to describe how people behave and criticised Kant for being prescriptive. Michael Stocker has argued that acting out of duty can diminish other moral motivations such as friendship, while Marcia Baron has defended the theory by arguing that duty does not diminish other motivations. The Catholic Church has criticised Kant's ethics as contradictory and regards Christian ethics as more compatible with virtue ethics.The claim that all humans are due dignity and respect as autonomous agents means that medical professionals should be happy for their treatments to be performed upon anyone, and that patients must never be treated merely as useful for society. Kant's approach to sexual ethics emerged from his view that humans should never be used merely as a means to an end, leading him to regard sexual activity as degrading and to condemn certain specific sexual practices. Feminist philosophers have used Kantian ethics to condemn practices such as prostitution and pornography because they do not treat women as ends. Kant also believed that, because animals do not possess rationality, we cannot have duties to them except indirect duties not to develop immoral dispositions through cruelty towards them. Kant used the example of lying as an application of his ethics: because there is a perfect duty to tell the truth, we must never lie, even if it seems that lying would bring about better consequences than telling the truth.