Enzymes - JLooby Biology
... it is sometimes called a lock and key mechanism). Once there, the enzyme changes shape slightly, distorting the molecule in the active site, and making it more likely to change into the product. For example if a bond in the substrate is to be broken, that bond might be stretched by the enzyme, makin ...
... it is sometimes called a lock and key mechanism). Once there, the enzyme changes shape slightly, distorting the molecule in the active site, and making it more likely to change into the product. For example if a bond in the substrate is to be broken, that bond might be stretched by the enzyme, makin ...
Biology`s Gasoline: Oxidation of Fatty Acids Fats: our unpopular best
... into the Krebs cycle. Since both of these processes (ETC and Krebs cycle) are right there in the mitochondrial matrix as well, this is a fine place for β-oxidation to be occurring. Now here’s the cool, or at least the easy, thing. Since we ended up with a new acyl-CoA (two carbons shorter than the ...
... into the Krebs cycle. Since both of these processes (ETC and Krebs cycle) are right there in the mitochondrial matrix as well, this is a fine place for β-oxidation to be occurring. Now here’s the cool, or at least the easy, thing. Since we ended up with a new acyl-CoA (two carbons shorter than the ...
Plastids unleashed: their development and their integration in plant
... the ‘non-mevalonate’ or methylerythritol pathway (RodríguezConcepción and Boronat, 2002). Carbohydrate oxidation can also take place, through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (Neuhaus and Emes, 2000). Several plant hormones, including the isoprenoid-derived abscisic acid, gibberellins and bra ...
... the ‘non-mevalonate’ or methylerythritol pathway (RodríguezConcepción and Boronat, 2002). Carbohydrate oxidation can also take place, through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (Neuhaus and Emes, 2000). Several plant hormones, including the isoprenoid-derived abscisic acid, gibberellins and bra ...
The urea cycle
... Since fumarate is obtained by removing NH3 from aspartate (by means of reactions 3 and 4), and PPi + H2O → 2 Pi, the equation can be simplified as follows: ...
... Since fumarate is obtained by removing NH3 from aspartate (by means of reactions 3 and 4), and PPi + H2O → 2 Pi, the equation can be simplified as follows: ...
LAB 1 - PLANT IDENTIFICATION
... the leaflet of the pinnately compound leaf is now another leaf-bearing axis to which additional leaflets are attached. The new leaf bearing axes are referred to as pinnae. Each pinna has a certain number of leaflets. Ex: Gymnocladus, Albizia, Gleditsia (in certain instances). ...
... the leaflet of the pinnately compound leaf is now another leaf-bearing axis to which additional leaflets are attached. The new leaf bearing axes are referred to as pinnae. Each pinna has a certain number of leaflets. Ex: Gymnocladus, Albizia, Gleditsia (in certain instances). ...
Pacing Guide
... 24. Name the parts of the flower and identify the function of each part. 25. Describe the process of double fertilization. 26. Explain some of the various methods of flower pollination. 27. Diagram and label the life cycle of mosses. 28. Diagram and label the life cycle of ferns. 29. Diagram and lab ...
... 24. Name the parts of the flower and identify the function of each part. 25. Describe the process of double fertilization. 26. Explain some of the various methods of flower pollination. 27. Diagram and label the life cycle of mosses. 28. Diagram and label the life cycle of ferns. 29. Diagram and lab ...
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
... • Carbon is the building block of life. – The carbon cycle moves carbon from the atmosphere, through the food web, and returns to the atmosphere. – Carbon is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels. – Some carbon is stored for long periods of time in areas called carbon sinks. carbon dioxide in air c ...
... • Carbon is the building block of life. – The carbon cycle moves carbon from the atmosphere, through the food web, and returns to the atmosphere. – Carbon is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels. – Some carbon is stored for long periods of time in areas called carbon sinks. carbon dioxide in air c ...
LAB 1 - PLANT IDENTIFICATION Objectives
... closely related, which is shown by the similarity of their flower structures. These plants are placed into a specific plant family. A herbaceous example of a family that is based on similarity of flower parts would be Asteraceae, the aster family, of which marigolds and zinnias are members. An examp ...
... closely related, which is shown by the similarity of their flower structures. These plants are placed into a specific plant family. A herbaceous example of a family that is based on similarity of flower parts would be Asteraceae, the aster family, of which marigolds and zinnias are members. An examp ...
(a) When Nancy dances her arms and legs are moved by pairs of
... accept ‘it catches fire easily and it is poisonous’ accept ‘wash hands after use’ for do not swallow accept ‘it is flammable or inflammable and it is poisonous’ both answers are required for the mark ...
... accept ‘it catches fire easily and it is poisonous’ accept ‘wash hands after use’ for do not swallow accept ‘it is flammable or inflammable and it is poisonous’ both answers are required for the mark ...
BIO 101 INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY I THE CELL A cell may be
... cells of plants and animals. Election microscopy and x-ray photography have revealed detailed facts about virus structure. Virus particles have no cellular structure. They are complex organisms with genetic mechanism. They are of varying shapes (10-200mm). a virus structure contains a core of nuclei ...
... cells of plants and animals. Election microscopy and x-ray photography have revealed detailed facts about virus structure. Virus particles have no cellular structure. They are complex organisms with genetic mechanism. They are of varying shapes (10-200mm). a virus structure contains a core of nuclei ...
Chemical Energy Production
... Acetyl CoA feeds into cycle that 1. Generates 3 reduced NAD and 1 reduced FAD per revolution -reduced NAD yields 9 ATP per revolution -reduced FAD yields 2 ATP per revolution 2. Generates one ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation per revolution Two revolutions occur per molecule glucose ...
... Acetyl CoA feeds into cycle that 1. Generates 3 reduced NAD and 1 reduced FAD per revolution -reduced NAD yields 9 ATP per revolution -reduced FAD yields 2 ATP per revolution 2. Generates one ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation per revolution Two revolutions occur per molecule glucose ...
curriculum vitae- michael hippler
... Future experiments will be directed to elucidate protein-protein-interactions of PGRL1 and metalbinding dynamics of the protein. (ii) Light is a necessary substrate for photosynthesis, but its absorption by pigment molecules such as chlorophyll can cause severe oxidative damage and result in cell de ...
... Future experiments will be directed to elucidate protein-protein-interactions of PGRL1 and metalbinding dynamics of the protein. (ii) Light is a necessary substrate for photosynthesis, but its absorption by pigment molecules such as chlorophyll can cause severe oxidative damage and result in cell de ...
K.Batrakov, Mechanisms of Terahertz Radiation Generation in
... negative influence of the beam energy spread is smaller, and therefore more electrons interact with the wave: the radiation effectiveness can be increased. It is also possible to intensify the effect of radiation instability in nanotube due to the generation in the region of small effective mass of ...
... negative influence of the beam energy spread is smaller, and therefore more electrons interact with the wave: the radiation effectiveness can be increased. It is also possible to intensify the effect of radiation instability in nanotube due to the generation in the region of small effective mass of ...
Four Amino Acids Are Converted to Succinyl
... tyrosine,, isoleucine, and threonine. Leucine is ketogenic, forming acetyl CoA and acetoacetate. Lysine is exclusively ketogenic amino acid, converted to acetoacetyl CoA. Tryptophan is both glucogenic and ketogenic because its metabolism yields alanine and acetoacetyl CoA. Isoleucine is both ketogen ...
... tyrosine,, isoleucine, and threonine. Leucine is ketogenic, forming acetyl CoA and acetoacetate. Lysine is exclusively ketogenic amino acid, converted to acetoacetyl CoA. Tryptophan is both glucogenic and ketogenic because its metabolism yields alanine and acetoacetyl CoA. Isoleucine is both ketogen ...
video slide - Somerset Area School District
... becomes oxidized (loses electron) becomes reduced (gains electron) ...
... becomes oxidized (loses electron) becomes reduced (gains electron) ...
Plant and Soil
... on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Cv. Saranac) was used. This strain was able to use most of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates as sole carbon source (Antoun et al., 1984). ...
... on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Cv. Saranac) was used. This strain was able to use most of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates as sole carbon source (Antoun et al., 1984). ...
Chapter 25
... Figure 25.2 The novel prosthetic groups of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase. (a) The molybdenum cofactor of nitrate reductase. The molybdenum-free version of this compound is a pterin derivative called molybdopterin. (b) Siroheme, a uroporphyrin derivative, is a member of the isobacteriochlor ...
... Figure 25.2 The novel prosthetic groups of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase. (a) The molybdenum cofactor of nitrate reductase. The molybdenum-free version of this compound is a pterin derivative called molybdopterin. (b) Siroheme, a uroporphyrin derivative, is a member of the isobacteriochlor ...
1 - u.arizona.edu
... - in fed state pyruvate produced from glycolysis (glucose) - in fed state 2/3 of carbon from pyruvate directed to fat synthesis for fuel storage (in adipose cells and lesser extent in liver) - aerobic muscle and heart pyruvate completely oxidized to CO2 for energy - pyruvate can be produced fr ...
... - in fed state pyruvate produced from glycolysis (glucose) - in fed state 2/3 of carbon from pyruvate directed to fat synthesis for fuel storage (in adipose cells and lesser extent in liver) - aerobic muscle and heart pyruvate completely oxidized to CO2 for energy - pyruvate can be produced fr ...
Schwaderer, AS, K. Yoshiyama, P. de Tezanos Pinto, NG Swenson
... relationships among the traits, we performed a principal component analysis (PCA; Joliffe 2002) on log cell volume, log mmax, and log a based on the correlation matrix. Trait conservatism—We also assessed whether major light utilization traits in phytoplankton were evolutionarily conserved and, if s ...
... relationships among the traits, we performed a principal component analysis (PCA; Joliffe 2002) on log cell volume, log mmax, and log a based on the correlation matrix. Trait conservatism—We also assessed whether major light utilization traits in phytoplankton were evolutionarily conserved and, if s ...
Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixers
... needed for survival of rhizobacteria must be provided by plant roots because the capacity of degrading organic matter for rhizobacteria is very weak. In addition, there are some growth regulators and antibiotics in root exudates, which regulate the growth of associative N2 fixing bacteria. On the ot ...
... needed for survival of rhizobacteria must be provided by plant roots because the capacity of degrading organic matter for rhizobacteria is very weak. In addition, there are some growth regulators and antibiotics in root exudates, which regulate the growth of associative N2 fixing bacteria. On the ot ...
Ch. 9
... • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Metabolism & Enzymes
... More accurate model of enzyme action 3-D structure of enzyme fits substrate substrate binding cause enzyme to change shape leading to a tighter fit ...
... More accurate model of enzyme action 3-D structure of enzyme fits substrate substrate binding cause enzyme to change shape leading to a tighter fit ...
Kinetics - University of San Diego Home Pages
... Group complementation - the ability to recognize specific regions of the substrate to align reactants with catalytic site. Based on non-covalent molecular interactions. Lock and key vs. induced fit - both occur. Induced fit takes place when binding of one part of the substrate to the enzyme alters t ...
... Group complementation - the ability to recognize specific regions of the substrate to align reactants with catalytic site. Based on non-covalent molecular interactions. Lock and key vs. induced fit - both occur. Induced fit takes place when binding of one part of the substrate to the enzyme alters t ...
ATP Synthesis
... - In order to recover the free energy of these electrons stored in NADH and FADH2, they are funneled into a series of redox protein complexes collectively referred to as the “electron transport chain (ETC)”—located within the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) - ETC in turn couples the free energy o ...
... - In order to recover the free energy of these electrons stored in NADH and FADH2, they are funneled into a series of redox protein complexes collectively referred to as the “electron transport chain (ETC)”—located within the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) - ETC in turn couples the free energy o ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.