Print this article - University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life
... Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) is a modified photosynthetic adaptation that temporally separates the C4 pathway and the Calvin Cycle, and plants that utilize this type of photosynthesis fix CO2 during nighttime. The stomata close during the day, retarding water loss, and open during the night. T ...
... Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) is a modified photosynthetic adaptation that temporally separates the C4 pathway and the Calvin Cycle, and plants that utilize this type of photosynthesis fix CO2 during nighttime. The stomata close during the day, retarding water loss, and open during the night. T ...
video slide - Ethical Culture Fieldston School
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Dipole-bound anions of highly polar molecules: Ethylene carbonate
... although the absolute signal intensity is much weaker in this case. For dipole-bound anions with excess electron binding energies below 10 meV, the Rb effective quantum numbers n * that lead to significant RET typically range from 15 to 50. Because the corresponding Rb excited states are closely * t ...
... although the absolute signal intensity is much weaker in this case. For dipole-bound anions with excess electron binding energies below 10 meV, the Rb effective quantum numbers n * that lead to significant RET typically range from 15 to 50. Because the corresponding Rb excited states are closely * t ...
Section 4.8
... results from the combustion of fossil fuels. • This is the balanced equation for the combustion of octane (gasoline) • 2 C8H18 (l) + 25 O2 (g) → 16 CO2 (g) + 18 H2O (g) ...
... results from the combustion of fossil fuels. • This is the balanced equation for the combustion of octane (gasoline) • 2 C8H18 (l) + 25 O2 (g) → 16 CO2 (g) + 18 H2O (g) ...
What do you know about Cellular Respiration?
... In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration Cellular respiration produces 32 ATP per glucose molecule; f ...
... In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration Cellular respiration produces 32 ATP per glucose molecule; f ...
pptx
... What is the purpose of a Schiff base intermediate? Nucleophile Lys on enzyme attacks C2 carbonyl and forms Schiff base, which stabilizes the carbanion (negative carbon, C-) formed when the first triose GAP (C4-C5-C6) is released. What other mechanisms stabilize carbanions? TPP, the prosthetic group ...
... What is the purpose of a Schiff base intermediate? Nucleophile Lys on enzyme attacks C2 carbonyl and forms Schiff base, which stabilizes the carbanion (negative carbon, C-) formed when the first triose GAP (C4-C5-C6) is released. What other mechanisms stabilize carbanions? TPP, the prosthetic group ...
Reconsideration of Plant Morphological Traits: From a Structure
... the root (Strasburger et al., 1976). Based on such a “structurebased perspective,” evolutionary analyses or comparisons across species were made on particular parts or their derived structures. However, morphogenetic patterns in plants are fundamentally different from those of animals. One of the mo ...
... the root (Strasburger et al., 1976). Based on such a “structurebased perspective,” evolutionary analyses or comparisons across species were made on particular parts or their derived structures. However, morphogenetic patterns in plants are fundamentally different from those of animals. One of the mo ...
Oxidation of Carbohydrate
... – High net ATP yield but slow ATP production – Must be broken down into free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol – Only FFAs are used to make ATP ...
... – High net ATP yield but slow ATP production – Must be broken down into free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol – Only FFAs are used to make ATP ...
Design and analysis of metabolic pathways supporting
... specific organisms which are less amenable to industrial use. Another option is direct electron transfer from the cathode to microbes. While this approach has several advantages (reviewed in [13,16]), it is limited to a small group of organisms that can associate directly with the cathode or requires ...
... specific organisms which are less amenable to industrial use. Another option is direct electron transfer from the cathode to microbes. While this approach has several advantages (reviewed in [13,16]), it is limited to a small group of organisms that can associate directly with the cathode or requires ...
"big IB objectives"-use the blank paper technique
... 3.7.3 – explain that during anaerobic cell respiration, Pyruvate can be converted in the cytoplasm into lactate, or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of AtP 3.7.4 – explain that, during aerobic cell respiration, Pyruvate can be converted in the mitochondrion into carbon dioxide and w ...
... 3.7.3 – explain that during anaerobic cell respiration, Pyruvate can be converted in the cytoplasm into lactate, or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of AtP 3.7.4 – explain that, during aerobic cell respiration, Pyruvate can be converted in the mitochondrion into carbon dioxide and w ...
Metabolic processes of Methanococcus maripaludis and potential
... This reaction builds up an electrochemical Na+ gradient, which drives energy production via ATP synthase [27]. The final step of methanogenesis is the reductive demethylation of methyl-S-CoM to methane and CoMS-S-CoB (ΔG0 = −30 kJ/mol). Subsequently, this CoM-SS-CoB gets reduced with the help of H2 ...
... This reaction builds up an electrochemical Na+ gradient, which drives energy production via ATP synthase [27]. The final step of methanogenesis is the reductive demethylation of methyl-S-CoM to methane and CoMS-S-CoB (ΔG0 = −30 kJ/mol). Subsequently, this CoM-SS-CoB gets reduced with the help of H2 ...
AP Biology - TeacherWeb
... Enzymes vocabulary _________________________ reactant which binds to enzyme enzyme-substrate complex: temporary association ...
... Enzymes vocabulary _________________________ reactant which binds to enzyme enzyme-substrate complex: temporary association ...
Fat-Soluble
... (releases carbon dioxide), and the electron transport chain (uses oxygen to make a lot of ATP). • Niacin is needed to make NADH, which carries electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle into the electron transport chain. (see diagram, next slide) • Riboflavin is needed to make FADH2, which has a ...
... (releases carbon dioxide), and the electron transport chain (uses oxygen to make a lot of ATP). • Niacin is needed to make NADH, which carries electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle into the electron transport chain. (see diagram, next slide) • Riboflavin is needed to make FADH2, which has a ...
Chapter 21 Introduction to Plants
... You read in Chapter 19 that the life cycles of some organisms include an alternation of generations–a haploid gametophyte generation and a diploid sporophyte generation. The gametophyte generation produces gametes–sperm and eggs. Some plants produce sperm and eggs on separate gametophytes while othe ...
... You read in Chapter 19 that the life cycles of some organisms include an alternation of generations–a haploid gametophyte generation and a diploid sporophyte generation. The gametophyte generation produces gametes–sperm and eggs. Some plants produce sperm and eggs on separate gametophytes while othe ...
video slide - Ionia Public Schools
... • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) ...
... • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) ...
The Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides
... (–SH) groups. Finally, the electrons are used to reduce the ribose moiety of the ribonucleotides to 2deoxyribose. During this reduction reaction the thiol (–SH) groups on Ribonucleotide Reductase are oxidized to a disulfide (–S–S–). In the second system Glutathione (a small molecule), Glutaredoxin R ...
... (–SH) groups. Finally, the electrons are used to reduce the ribose moiety of the ribonucleotides to 2deoxyribose. During this reduction reaction the thiol (–SH) groups on Ribonucleotide Reductase are oxidized to a disulfide (–S–S–). In the second system Glutathione (a small molecule), Glutaredoxin R ...
Chapter 19 - Evangel University
... acid cycle is obtained by converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA • This conversion requires the three primary enzymes of the pyruvate dehydogenase complex, as well as, the cofactors TPP, FAD, NAD+, and lipoic acid • The overall reaction of the pyruvate dehydogenase complex is the conversion of pyruvate, ...
... acid cycle is obtained by converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA • This conversion requires the three primary enzymes of the pyruvate dehydogenase complex, as well as, the cofactors TPP, FAD, NAD+, and lipoic acid • The overall reaction of the pyruvate dehydogenase complex is the conversion of pyruvate, ...
2-Phospho
... aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) ...
... aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) ...
2 H + 1 / 2 O 2
... • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) ...
... • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) ...
Human Physiology An Integrated Approach 6/E
... energy by ingesting the biomolecules of plants or other animals. Ultimately, however, energy trapped by photosynthesis is the energy source for all animals, including humans. Animals extract energy from biomolecules through the process of respiration, which consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxid ...
... energy by ingesting the biomolecules of plants or other animals. Ultimately, however, energy trapped by photosynthesis is the energy source for all animals, including humans. Animals extract energy from biomolecules through the process of respiration, which consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxid ...
Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... 1) citric acid cycle or 2) electron transport chain. A. B. C. D. E. ...
... 1) citric acid cycle or 2) electron transport chain. A. B. C. D. E. ...
pdf
... and the number of metaphase plates depends on root growth. The counting can not be performed for a large number of plants, therefore, it remains a laboratory method (5). Flow cytometry seems to be one of the most effective, accurate and convenient. Easy methods for preparation allow scanning few hun ...
... and the number of metaphase plates depends on root growth. The counting can not be performed for a large number of plants, therefore, it remains a laboratory method (5). Flow cytometry seems to be one of the most effective, accurate and convenient. Easy methods for preparation allow scanning few hun ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.