Download (a) When Nancy dances her arms and legs are moved by pairs of

Q1.
Nancy is a dancer.
(a)
When Nancy dances her arms and legs are moved by pairs of antagonistic muscles.
How do antagonistic muscle pairs work?
Tick the correct box.
Both muscles contract at the same time.
One muscle is big and the other is small.
As one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.
One muscle is strong and the other is weak.
Both muscles relax at the same time.
1 mark
Page 1 of 24
(b)
As Nancy dances her breathing changes because she needs more oxygen.
The graph below shows how the volume of air in her lungs changes when she dances.
From the graph, give two ways her breathing changes when she dances.
1. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark
2. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Nancy’s muscle cells produce carbon dioxide as she dances.
Which of the following shows how the carbon dioxide is removed from Nancy’s body?
Tick the correct box.
muscle cells
bloodstream
muscle cells
windpipe
muscle cells
bloodstream
muscle cells
windpipe
windpipe
lungs
lungs
nose
bloodstream
nose
windpipe
nose
lungs
nose
lungs
bloodstream
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Page 2 of 24
Q2.
Diagram 1 below shows the lungs and the trachea, the airway leading to the lungs. One of
the lungs is drawn in section.
diagram 1
(a)
In the wall of the trachea, there are pieces of a stiff material called cartilage.
Why is this stiff material necessary in the wall of the trachea?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Diagram 2 below shows one alveolus and its blood supply.
diagram 2
Page 3 of 24
(i)
Look at diagram 2, above.
Gas A enters the blood from the alveolus.
Gas B leaves the blood and enters the alveolus.
What are the names of gases A and B?
gas A .....................................................
gas B .....................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Give one reason why it is easy for gases to pass across the wall of an alveolus.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
The diagram below shows a ciliated cell from the lining of the airway.
(i)
What is the function of this cell in the airway?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
This cell is affected by substances in cigarette smoke.
What effect does cigarette smoke have on the cilia?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(iii)
Give the name of the substance, in cigarette smoke, which causes addiction to
smoking.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks
Page 4 of 24
Q3.
The drawing shows what happens to most of the energy in the food that a hen eats in
one day.
(a)
In the cells of the hen's body, energy is released from food by respiration
Complete the word equation for this process.
Glucose + …………….……… → ……….………………… + ………………………..
1 mark
(b)
(i)
Calculate the total energy which remains in the body of the hen
.............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................ kJ
1 mark
(ii)
What is this energy used for?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Suggest how farmers might reduce the amount of energy which hens lose each day by
thermal transfer.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
Farmers can reduce the amount of energy which is transferred by movement and thermal
transfer from hens. Suggest two reasons why this is cost-effective.
1. .................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
2. .................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 6 marks
Page 5 of 24
Q4.
(a)
(i)
Mammals use fat as a long-term store of energy.
The diagram shows some simple apparatus for investigating the amount of
energy released by burning fat.
4.2 kJ of energy will raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C.
1 g of fat contains 38.5 kJ of energy.
Calculate the rise in temperature of 1 kg of water if 0.5 g of fat is burned.
Show your working.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
2 marks
(ii)
Fat is stored in layers beneath the skin. This fat is part of the body’s energy
reserve. Give another function of the layers of fat.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
1 mark
Page 6 of 24
(b)
Mammals use glucose as a fuel in respiration in their cells. The word equation for
respiration is:
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Mammals with a high rate of respiration need to have a high heart rate.
Explain why.
……….………………………………………………………………………………
……….………………………………………………………………………………
……….………………………………………………………………………………
……….………………………………………………………………………………
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks
Q5.
(a) George used the apparatus below to find out what substances are produced
when methanol burns.
As the methanol burned, two different gases were produced.
(i)
One of these gases condensed in the U-tube to give a colourless liquid. Give the
name of this liquid.
........................................................
1 mark
(ii)
The other gas turned the lime water cloudy.
Give the name of this gas.
........................................................
1 mark
Page 7 of 24
(b)
Methanol is sometimes used in antifreeze. It can be added to water in car
windscreen wash-bottles to prevent the water from freezing in cold conditions.
(i)
The label on the bottle of antifreeze has two hazard warning symbols. What two
precautions would you need to take when using this antifreeze?
1. .........................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2. .........................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Water freezes at 0°C. The label on the bottle shows how the freezing point changes
when different amounts of antifreeze are added to water.
Terry put a mixture containing 10% antifreeze into the wash-bottle of his car. During
the night the temperature dropped to –14°C.
The wash-bottle burst.
Explain why the wash-bottle burst.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks
Page 8 of 24
Q6.
The chemical name for pure limestone is calcium carbonate. When calcium carbonate is
heated to a temperature above 825°C it produces calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
(a)
Complete the symbol equation for this reaction.
CaCO3 → .............................. + ..............................
2 marks
(b)
The photograph shows a limestone statue that has been changed by acid rain.
Some gases which pollute the air dissolve in rainwater to form acids.
(i)
Give the name of a gas which dissolves in rainwater, leading to the formation of
sulphuric acid.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Complete the word equation for the reaction between calcium carbonate and
sulphuric acid.
calcium + sulphuric → ........................... + ...........................+ water
carbonate acid
2 marks
maximum 5 marks
Q7.
The drawing below shows a cardboard scale called an EasyWeigh.
It can be used to estimate the mass of letters.
Page 9 of 24
(a)
Clare put a letter in the 20 g slot. The scale tipped as shown below.
She then put the same letter in the 40 g slot. The scale did not tip.
(i)
What do these results tell you about the mass of Clare’s letter?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
What could Clare do to this cardboard scale to weigh her letter more
accurately?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
(i)
Clare drew a short line to show where she thought she should cut a slot to
weigh a 150 g letter. She labelled the slot Y.
Why could Clare not use a slot at Y to weigh a 150 g letter?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
Page 10 of 24
(ii)
Clare wanted to cut a slot to weigh a 70 g letter.
On the diagram above, draw a short line to show where the slot should be
cut.
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Q8.
Peter measured the current through each of three similar bulbs in a parallel circuit.
He had only one ammeter and he placed it first at A1, then A2, then A3, in order to measure the
currents.
The table shows his results.
(a)
position of ammeter
current, in amps
A1
0.14
A2
0.16
A3
0.15
He expected the current readings to be the same for each bulb but found they were
different.
Suggest two reasons why the readings were different.
1. ................................................................................................................
2. ................................................................................................................
2 marks
Page 11 of 24
(b)
Peter then measured the current at A4 and recorded it as 0.45 A. He concluded
that the current at A4 could be calculated by adding together the currents
through each of the bulbs at positions A1, A2 and A3.
He added two more similar bulbs to his circuit, in parallel. The current through
each bulb was 0.15 A.
Use Peter's conclusion to predict the current at A4 with the 5 bulbs in the circuit.
................ A
1 mark
Page 12 of 24
(c)
Peter left the circuit connected overnight. He used a datalogger to measure the current at
position A4 at regular intervals of time. The next morning the bulbs were dim.
Using the axes below, sketch (do not plot) how the current at position A4 might
change with time.
Indicate on the graph:
(i)
The correct labels for each axis, including the correct units.
(ii)
The shape of the graph you would expect to obtain.
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks
Q9.
A bell in a church tower is attached to a wheel of radius 0.8 m. The bell is balanced upside
down. The bell-ringer pulls the rope with a force of 50 N.
Page 13 of 24
(a)
Calculate the moment (turning effect) on the wheel. Give the unit.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b)
The bell turns. When the rope is travelling at its highest speed, it moves 0.5 m in 0.04 s.
What speed is this? Give the unit.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2 marks
(c)
The bell rings twice but the second ring is quieter than the first. Both rings have the same
pitch.
Complete the sentences below to compare the two rings.
The amplitude of the second ring was ………………………… the amplitude of the first ring.
The frequency of the second ring was ……………………..….. frequency of the first ring.
2 marks
(d)
The sound of a bell is within the audible range of most people.
Which is most likely to be the frequency of the sound made by a bell?
Tick the correct box.
1 mark
Page 14 of 24
(e)
The energy given out when the bell rings was originally stored in the bell-ringer.
Describe the main sequence of useful energy transfers which take place when a bellringer rings a church bell.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
3 marks
Maximum 10 marks
Page 15 of 24
M1.
(a)
As one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L5)
(b)
any two from
•
she gets more air or oxygen
accept ‘greater volume of air taken in or out’
‘she needs more oxygen’ is insufficient
accept ‘breathes out more carbon dioxide’
‘shorter or heavier or louder or harder breaths’ are insufficient
•
it gets faster
accept ‘speeds up’ or ‘she takes more breaths’
‘it increases’ is insufficient
•
it gets deeper
accept ‘she takes bigger breaths’
‘the volume of air in her lungs increases’ is insufficient
do not accept ‘the volume of her lungs increases’
accept, for one mark, ‘she breathes more’ if not given with
‘it gets faster’ or ‘it gets deeper’
2 (L5)
(c)
muscle cells
windpipe
bloodstream
lungs
nose
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)
[4]
M2.
(a)
any one from
•
to prevent it collapsing
accept ‘protects against collapse’
•
to keep it open
‘for protection’ is insufficient
•
for support
accept ‘for strength’
accept ‘for flexibility’
1 (L5)
Page 16 of 24
(b)
(i)
A: oxygen
accept ‘O2’
B: carbon dioxide
accept ‘CO2’
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L5)
(ii)
any one from
•
it is thin
•
it is one cell thick
•
it is close to the blood supply
accept ‘there is a diffusion gradient’
accept ‘it is moist’
1 (L6)
(c)
(i)
any one from
•
it moves mucus
accept ‘it moves bacteria’
•
it sweeps dust from lungs
‘to clear or clean the airways’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
(ii)
any one from
•
it paralyses the cilia
•
it stops the cilia working
•
it clogs the cilia
accept ‘it destroys them’
do not accept ‘it kills cilia’
1 (L5)
(iii)
nicotine
1 (L6)
[6]
M3.
(a)
(i)
oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
all three substances are required for the mark
the products may be in either order
1 (L7)
(b)
(i)
200
1 (L6)
Page 17 of 24
(ii)
any one from
•
for growth
•
for producing meat
•
for storage
•
for making fat
accept ‘for active transport’ or ‘for keeping internal
organs running’ or ‘for metabolism’ do not accept
‘for keeping the hen warm’ or ‘for breathing’
1 (L7)
(c)
keep the hens warm
accept ‘keep them inside ‘or ‘keep them
cooped up ‘or ‘stop them moving’ or ‘keep
them in deep litter’ or ‘keep them all together’
1 (L7)
(d)
any two from
•
more energy is available for producing eggs
accept ‘get more eggs’ or ‘get bigger eggs’
•
more energy is available for growth
accept ‘get more meat’ or ‘get bigger hens’
•
the hens do not have to be fed so much
accept ‘they can use smaller buildings for
the same number of hens’
2 (L7)
[6]
M4.
(a)
(i)
energy in 0.5 g of fat = 19.25 kJ
accept ‘38.5 kJ or 1 g of fat gives a rise in temperature of 9.2°C’
unit not required for the mark
1
4.6°C
accept answers in the range 4.56 – 4.60°C
accept the correct answer with no working for both marks
the unit is required for the mark
1
Page 18 of 24
(ii)
any one from
•
it is an insulator
•
it reduces heat loss
accept ‘to keep the heat in’
or ‘to keep the body temperature constant’
accept ‘it protects the organs’
do not accept ‘it stops heat loss’ or ‘it keeps us warm’
1
(b)
any two from
•
to transport oxygen quickly
accept ‘to transport more oxygen’
or ‘ oxygen is used up quickly’ or ‘more oxygen is needed’
•
to remove carbon dioxide quickly
accept ‘carbon dioxide is produced quickly’
or ’to transport more carbon dioxide’
or ‘to get rid of waste more quickly’
•
to transport glucose quickly
accept ‘glucose is used up quickly’ or ‘to transport more glucose’
accept ‘to remove water quickly’
accept ‘they have small hearts’
2
[5]
M5.
(a)
(i)
water
accept ‘H2O’
1 (L5)
(ii)
carbon dioxide
accept ‘CO2’
1 (L5)
(b)
(i)
do not use antifreeze or methanol near a naked flame and
do not swallow
accept ‘it catches fire easily and it is poisonous’
accept ‘wash hands after use’ for do not swallow
accept ‘it is flammable or inflammable and it is poisonous’
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L5)
Page 19 of 24
(ii)
any one from
•
water froze
•
the mixture froze
•
the contents froze
accept ‘10% antifreeze is not enough to stop the water freezing’
‘not enough antifreeze used’ is insufficient
do not accept ‘it froze’
1 (L6)
and expanded
1 (L6)
[5]
M6.
(a)
CO2 +
1 (L7)
CaO
answers may be in either order
ignore multiples
1 (L7)
(b)
(i)
sulphur dioxide
accept ‘SO2’
accept ‘sulphur trioxide’
accept ‘SO3’
1 (L7)
(ii)
calcium sulphate +
accept ‘CaSO4’
carbon dioxide
accept ‘CO2’
answers may be in either order
1 (L7)
[5]
Page 20 of 24
M7.
(a)
(i)
it is between 20 g and 40 g
accept a number greater than 20 and less than 40
‘more than 20’ or ‘less than 40’ are insufficient
1 (L5)
(ii)
any one from
•
cut a slot between 20 and 40
accept ‘add a mark for 30’
•
cut more slots
accept ‘add more weights’
award a mark for an answer referring to cutting a slot
for any mass between 20 g and 40 g
1 (L5)
(b)
(i)
any one from
•
it is on the wrong side of the pivot
accept ‘it is past the pivot line’
award a mark for an answer indicating that it is on the
wrong side of the pivot
•
it would not make the scale tip
accept ‘the scale is supported on this side’
accept ‘it does not produce a clockwise moment’
do not accept ‘because the cardboard would tilt the other way’
‘it would not work’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
(ii)
a line drawn between the 40 g and 100 g slots
accept answers which clearly indicate the correct position
on the diagram
the line must not touch the slots for 40 g or 100 g
1 (L5)
[4]
Page 21 of 24
M8.
(a)
any two from:
•
manufacturing differences or bulbs are different
accept ‘different resistances’
accept ‘different ages’
•
reading error
•
dirty contacts
accept ‘bulbs were not screwed in properly’
•
unreliable or inaccurate meter
accept ‘faulty ammeter’
accept ‘different wires’ or ‘differences in the wires’
2 (L6)
(b)
0.75
1 (L6)
(c)
both axes must be labelled correctly with
both the variable and the unit
Y axis : current, in amps or A or milliamps or mA
accept ‘I , in amps’
X axis : time, in hours or minutes or seconds
accept ‘t, in hours’
1 (L7)
a line or curve from top left to bottom right
1 (L7)
[5]
M9.
(a)
40
accept ‘50 × 0.8’ unless followed by an incorrect answer
1 (L7)
Nm
accept ‘mN’ accept ‘4000 N cm’ for both marks
1 (L7)
Page 22 of 24
(b)
12.5
accept ‘0.5 ÷ 0.04’ unless followed by an incorrect answer
1 (L7)
m/s or m s –1
accept ‘1250 cm/s’ for both marks
1 (L7)
(c)
less than
accept ‘less’ or ‘lower’
do not accept ‘half’ or ‘weaker’
1 (L7)
the same as or equal to
accept ‘same’
do not accept ‘similar’
1 (L7)
(d)
250 Hz
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L7)
(e)
answers must be given in a logical sequence to gain full marks.
Answers must refer to energy changes and not merely list a
sequence of events
any three from
•
chemical energy in the bell-ringer
accept ‘potential energy in the bell-ringer’
or ‘chemical energy’
do not accept ‘energy in the bell-ringer’
•
transferred via the rope or transferred mechanically
accept ‘transferred from the rope’ or ‘to the rope’
•
transferred to the bell
accept ‘potential energy or kinetic energy in the bell’
do not accept ‘to kinetic energy’ or ‘to potential energy’
without a reference to the bell or clapper
•
as the bell swings, kinetic energy changes to potential energy
or potential energy changes to kinetic energy
a reference to the bell swinging is required for this mark
•
transferred by sound or becomes sound energy or transferred to
the surroundings
accept ‘to sound’ or ‘to people’s ears’ or ‘to the air’
3 (L7)
[10]
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Page 24 of 24