Notes from the Chemistry Director
... Defining the rate of a reaction. Units for rxn rates. Writing the reaction rate law equation. The specific rate constant and its units. Reaction order. Using tabulated data and using the Method of Initial Rates to determine the rate law for a reaction. The integrated rate laws for zero, first, and s ...
... Defining the rate of a reaction. Units for rxn rates. Writing the reaction rate law equation. The specific rate constant and its units. Reaction order. Using tabulated data and using the Method of Initial Rates to determine the rate law for a reaction. The integrated rate laws for zero, first, and s ...
PCTPC201500105RAR1_pap_plantcell 1..17
... important determinant of the photosynthetic performance of plants. However, the precise mechanism by which GDC activity exerts its effect on photosynthetic processes is as yet unknown. We previously suggested that at least some of the crosstalk between mitochondria and chloroplasts underlying this r ...
... important determinant of the photosynthetic performance of plants. However, the precise mechanism by which GDC activity exerts its effect on photosynthetic processes is as yet unknown. We previously suggested that at least some of the crosstalk between mitochondria and chloroplasts underlying this r ...
Cellular Respiration
... All living things require energy to stay alive. Most of this energy comes from food, often in the form of glucose. Cells share common pathways to metabolize food molecules like glucose into usable forms of energy, and these pathways are called Cell Respiration. Cell respiration includes Glycolysis, ...
... All living things require energy to stay alive. Most of this energy comes from food, often in the form of glucose. Cells share common pathways to metabolize food molecules like glucose into usable forms of energy, and these pathways are called Cell Respiration. Cell respiration includes Glycolysis, ...
Substrate and oxidative phosphorylation
... • Unlike oxidative phosphorylation, here the oxidation and phosphorylation are not coupled or joined, although both types of phosphorylation result in ATP. • It should be noted that there is an oxidation reaction coupled to phosphorylation, however this occurs in the generation of 1,3bisphosphoglyc ...
... • Unlike oxidative phosphorylation, here the oxidation and phosphorylation are not coupled or joined, although both types of phosphorylation result in ATP. • It should be noted that there is an oxidation reaction coupled to phosphorylation, however this occurs in the generation of 1,3bisphosphoglyc ...
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... • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2. • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. • What is its purpose then? ...
... • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2. • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. • What is its purpose then? ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... c. Energy released from the flow of electrons down the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions, which are carried by NADH and FADH2, into intermembrane space. d. Accumulation of H+ ions in this intermembrane space creates a strong electrochemical gradient. e. ATP synthase complexes are chan ...
... c. Energy released from the flow of electrons down the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions, which are carried by NADH and FADH2, into intermembrane space. d. Accumulation of H+ ions in this intermembrane space creates a strong electrochemical gradient. e. ATP synthase complexes are chan ...
Respiratory (Gas Exchange) System
... lung, which allow for a maximized surface area which molecules can diffuse across -O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood and CO2 from the blood into the alveoli. -There are thousands of alveoli and millions of capillaries which the essential process of gas exchange can occur across -this allow ...
... lung, which allow for a maximized surface area which molecules can diffuse across -O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood and CO2 from the blood into the alveoli. -There are thousands of alveoli and millions of capillaries which the essential process of gas exchange can occur across -this allow ...
Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... More on the Krebs's Cycle… • AKA the “Citric Acid Cycle” • This cycle goes around twice for each molecule of glucose • And for every turn of the cycle, 1 ATP is produced • In total, 2 ATP are produced from the Citric Acid/Kreb’s Cycle (because the cycle rotates twice) ...
... More on the Krebs's Cycle… • AKA the “Citric Acid Cycle” • This cycle goes around twice for each molecule of glucose • And for every turn of the cycle, 1 ATP is produced • In total, 2 ATP are produced from the Citric Acid/Kreb’s Cycle (because the cycle rotates twice) ...
7.014 Quiz I Handout
... b) ATP is generated by photophosphorylation using the energy from the electrochemical proton gradient formed by the passing of electrons through the photosystems. c) Carbon fixation is changing CO 2 to an organic form by covalently binding it to an organic molecule, usually a sugar. One example is s ...
... b) ATP is generated by photophosphorylation using the energy from the electrochemical proton gradient formed by the passing of electrons through the photosystems. c) Carbon fixation is changing CO 2 to an organic form by covalently binding it to an organic molecule, usually a sugar. One example is s ...
1 - contentextra
... Examples include: green tea, turmeric, oregano, blueberries, cranberries and dark chocolate, which some claim reduce levels of LDL cholesterol, lower blood sugar levels and blood pressure, and prevent cancer. ...
... Examples include: green tea, turmeric, oregano, blueberries, cranberries and dark chocolate, which some claim reduce levels of LDL cholesterol, lower blood sugar levels and blood pressure, and prevent cancer. ...
You Light Up My Life - Hawaii Community College
... Later, noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis increased atmospheric oxygen ...
... Later, noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis increased atmospheric oxygen ...
Lactic Acid fermentation
... • 3 Parts: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron transport – Glycolysis is anaerobic – does not require oxygen – Aerobic – requires oxygen • Electron transport & Krebs cycle ...
... • 3 Parts: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron transport – Glycolysis is anaerobic – does not require oxygen – Aerobic – requires oxygen • Electron transport & Krebs cycle ...
Chapter 1 OBJECTIVES
... Explain how carbon’s electron configuration determines the kinds and number of bonds carbon will form. Carbon has a total of six electrons, with two in the first electron shell and four in the second electron shell. This allows carbon to complete its valence by sharing electrons with other atoms in ...
... Explain how carbon’s electron configuration determines the kinds and number of bonds carbon will form. Carbon has a total of six electrons, with two in the first electron shell and four in the second electron shell. This allows carbon to complete its valence by sharing electrons with other atoms in ...
Cellular Respiration Webquest
... When oxygen is not available, fermentation occurs. In a previous step of the first animation, one type of fermentation was shown which produces alcohol (alcoholic fermentation). This type of fermentation occurs typically in yeast and in a few types of bacteria (so…these yeasts and bacteria are used ...
... When oxygen is not available, fermentation occurs. In a previous step of the first animation, one type of fermentation was shown which produces alcohol (alcoholic fermentation). This type of fermentation occurs typically in yeast and in a few types of bacteria (so…these yeasts and bacteria are used ...
BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2015 Freeman Lecture Exam 3 1
... 51) As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3m tall. The nail is 1.5m form the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 m. About how many meters above the ground is the nail? a. 0.5 b. 1.5 c. 3.0 d. 15.0 e. 28.5 52) ...
... 51) As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3m tall. The nail is 1.5m form the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 m. About how many meters above the ground is the nail? a. 0.5 b. 1.5 c. 3.0 d. 15.0 e. 28.5 52) ...
Riveting Respiration
... Each part of the chain gets more and more electronegative until the end of the chain OXYGEN is at the end of the ...
... Each part of the chain gets more and more electronegative until the end of the chain OXYGEN is at the end of the ...
how ecosystems work
... Are some organisms more important than others? Why are decomposers important? Do you think anything is missing? Where do humans fit? ...
... Are some organisms more important than others? Why are decomposers important? Do you think anything is missing? Where do humans fit? ...
cellular respiration
... Structure • Smooth outer Membrane • Folded inner membrane • Folds called Cristae • Space inside cristae called the Matrix ...
... Structure • Smooth outer Membrane • Folded inner membrane • Folds called Cristae • Space inside cristae called the Matrix ...
Chapter6summaryHO
... terminal electron acceptors can be used. For example, E. coli has a terminal oxidoreductase that uses nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. The product is nitrite, which is then converted to ammonia (detoxified) because nitrite is toxic to the cell. Some bacteria can reduce the nitrite even fur ...
... terminal electron acceptors can be used. For example, E. coli has a terminal oxidoreductase that uses nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. The product is nitrite, which is then converted to ammonia (detoxified) because nitrite is toxic to the cell. Some bacteria can reduce the nitrite even fur ...
No Slide Title
... 3. Immobile - Consequences for organ and cell types and overall architecture. Much of plant development (architecture, organ and cell types) can be explained by the fact that a plant is: (i) immobile; (ii) needs to compete for nutrients (carbon, Nitrogen, H20, etc.) to build complex molecules (DNA, ...
... 3. Immobile - Consequences for organ and cell types and overall architecture. Much of plant development (architecture, organ and cell types) can be explained by the fact that a plant is: (i) immobile; (ii) needs to compete for nutrients (carbon, Nitrogen, H20, etc.) to build complex molecules (DNA, ...
STUDY GUIDE
... 9. Fill in the blanks: (word bank: polysaccharide, enzymes, hydrogen, monosaccharides, carbohydrates, peptide bond, amino acids, glycerol, disaccharide, fatty acids, proteins, unsaturated, organic compounds, oxygen, polymerization, carbon, lipids, saturated) Living organisms are composed of a specia ...
... 9. Fill in the blanks: (word bank: polysaccharide, enzymes, hydrogen, monosaccharides, carbohydrates, peptide bond, amino acids, glycerol, disaccharide, fatty acids, proteins, unsaturated, organic compounds, oxygen, polymerization, carbon, lipids, saturated) Living organisms are composed of a specia ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.