Unit 3: Energy systems
... This is also called the Krebs cycle. When oxygen is present, ________________ is produced from the pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis. When oxygen is present, the mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of ...
... This is also called the Krebs cycle. When oxygen is present, ________________ is produced from the pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis. When oxygen is present, the mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of ...
Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration
... 1. Energy is released from electrons as they are passed down the electron transport chain 2. Released energy used to pump hydrogen ions across the inner membrane – Hydrogen ions accumulate in intermembrane space ...
... 1. Energy is released from electrons as they are passed down the electron transport chain 2. Released energy used to pump hydrogen ions across the inner membrane – Hydrogen ions accumulate in intermembrane space ...
Slide 1
... Energy stored in NADH & FADH2 as electrons from the metabolic pathways is used for ATP synthesis by the process of oxidative phosphorylation When NADH and FADH2 are re-oxidized to NAD+ and FAD, the electrons released from them are transferred through a chain of electron carrier complexes (redox pro ...
... Energy stored in NADH & FADH2 as electrons from the metabolic pathways is used for ATP synthesis by the process of oxidative phosphorylation When NADH and FADH2 are re-oxidized to NAD+ and FAD, the electrons released from them are transferred through a chain of electron carrier complexes (redox pro ...
Pyruvate Oxidation
... Coenzyme A attaches to acetate, forming acetyl-coenzyme A All nutrients, whether protein, lipid or carbohydrate, are converted to acetyl-CoA and then channelled toward fat production or ATP production, depending on the organism’s immediate energy needs ...
... Coenzyme A attaches to acetate, forming acetyl-coenzyme A All nutrients, whether protein, lipid or carbohydrate, are converted to acetyl-CoA and then channelled toward fat production or ATP production, depending on the organism’s immediate energy needs ...
24,7 Loctic Fermentotion
... The pathway by which lactate is conuerted to glucose is called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis,which is the synthesis of glucose from startingmaterials that are not carbohydrates,is an exampleof an anabolic (synthetic) pathway. Like most anabolic pathways, it requires the expenditure of ATP Six mol ...
... The pathway by which lactate is conuerted to glucose is called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis,which is the synthesis of glucose from startingmaterials that are not carbohydrates,is an exampleof an anabolic (synthetic) pathway. Like most anabolic pathways, it requires the expenditure of ATP Six mol ...
Bio150 Chapter 7
... bonds are broken or rearranged -4 molecules of ATP are synthesized as a result of energy released from the breaking of bonds of the carbohydrate intermediates –the 12 hydrogen atoms of the original glucose molecule are removed and used to create a large H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial mem ...
... bonds are broken or rearranged -4 molecules of ATP are synthesized as a result of energy released from the breaking of bonds of the carbohydrate intermediates –the 12 hydrogen atoms of the original glucose molecule are removed and used to create a large H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial mem ...
Breathing - Junior Cert Science
... chemical energy in food is changed into other forms of energy. ...
... chemical energy in food is changed into other forms of energy. ...
exam 4 practice questions
... 11. Non-vascular plants have a dominant ____________ stage of their life cycle where photosynthesis can be carried out: a. Gametophyte (n) b. Gametophyte (2n) c. Sporophyte (n) d. Sporophyte (2n) 12. All bryophytes have stomata. a. True b. False 13. In non-vascular sexual reproduction, the “seta” ac ...
... 11. Non-vascular plants have a dominant ____________ stage of their life cycle where photosynthesis can be carried out: a. Gametophyte (n) b. Gametophyte (2n) c. Sporophyte (n) d. Sporophyte (2n) 12. All bryophytes have stomata. a. True b. False 13. In non-vascular sexual reproduction, the “seta” ac ...
Calvin Cycle
... phosphate from the active site, and carbamate formation. Since photosynthetic light reactions produce ATP, the ATP dependence of RuBisCO activation provides a mechanism for light-dependent activation of the enzyme. The activase is a member of the AAA family of ATPases, many of which have chaperone-l ...
... phosphate from the active site, and carbamate formation. Since photosynthetic light reactions produce ATP, the ATP dependence of RuBisCO activation provides a mechanism for light-dependent activation of the enzyme. The activase is a member of the AAA family of ATPases, many of which have chaperone-l ...
Cellular Respiration
... Acetyl coA is stripped via enzymes: coA is recycle and the remaining acetyl (2-C) is combined with oxaloacetate already present in the mitochondria forming citrate (6-C) Step 2 and 3 Redox reactions take place stripping hydrogen atoms from organic intermediates producing NADH molecules and dispo ...
... Acetyl coA is stripped via enzymes: coA is recycle and the remaining acetyl (2-C) is combined with oxaloacetate already present in the mitochondria forming citrate (6-C) Step 2 and 3 Redox reactions take place stripping hydrogen atoms from organic intermediates producing NADH molecules and dispo ...
BIE 5810 - Chapter 5, Part I
... Note: Acetyl CoA is transferred through the mitochondrial membrane at expense of conversion of 2 NADHs produced in glycolysis to 2 FADH. Acetyl CoA = key intermediate in metabolism of AMINO ACIDS & FATTY ACIDS 6. TCA Cycle – Fig. 5.5 (p. 140) Question: Show where Reducing Power is generated and ener ...
... Note: Acetyl CoA is transferred through the mitochondrial membrane at expense of conversion of 2 NADHs produced in glycolysis to 2 FADH. Acetyl CoA = key intermediate in metabolism of AMINO ACIDS & FATTY ACIDS 6. TCA Cycle – Fig. 5.5 (p. 140) Question: Show where Reducing Power is generated and ener ...
Training Handout - Science Olympiad
... • Melting of permafrost releases large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere increasing • “Greenhouse Affect” as organic matter decays and released carbon dioxide. • Erosion is emerging due to permafrost thaw and overgrazing • Poaching – hunting and fishing out of season, on protected land, or to en ...
... • Melting of permafrost releases large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere increasing • “Greenhouse Affect” as organic matter decays and released carbon dioxide. • Erosion is emerging due to permafrost thaw and overgrazing • Poaching – hunting and fishing out of season, on protected land, or to en ...
22.1 - What Is a Plant? alternation of generations
... epidermis- in plants, single layer of cells that makes up dermal tissue; in humans, the outer layer of the skin lignin- substance in vascular plants that makes cell wall ridged vessel element- type of xylem cell that forms part of a continuous tube through which water can move sieve tube element- co ...
... epidermis- in plants, single layer of cells that makes up dermal tissue; in humans, the outer layer of the skin lignin- substance in vascular plants that makes cell wall ridged vessel element- type of xylem cell that forms part of a continuous tube through which water can move sieve tube element- co ...
ATP Biochemistry: The Chemical Composition of Living Matter
... WHICH ARE ORGANIC?? LET’S LEARN A LITTLE MORE… www.all-about-forensic-science.com ...
... WHICH ARE ORGANIC?? LET’S LEARN A LITTLE MORE… www.all-about-forensic-science.com ...
Name
... 3._________________________ (photosynthetic bacteria) To provide this energy to us! -________________ _______________ and _________________ are taken in by plants -Plants absorb ____________________ __________________ and convert it to a usable form: -___________ -Energy is used to “fix” carbon diox ...
... 3._________________________ (photosynthetic bacteria) To provide this energy to us! -________________ _______________ and _________________ are taken in by plants -Plants absorb ____________________ __________________ and convert it to a usable form: -___________ -Energy is used to “fix” carbon diox ...
I ADDED TISSUES JUST IN CASE!!! APHY 101, Lecture 4
... Energy for metabolic reactions 1. Energy = capacity to change something, or to do work a. Examples of energy: heat, sound, light, electrical, chemical, mechanical b. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Only changed or transferred ...
... Energy for metabolic reactions 1. Energy = capacity to change something, or to do work a. Examples of energy: heat, sound, light, electrical, chemical, mechanical b. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Only changed or transferred ...
aerobic respiration
... • Fermentation and anaerobic or aerobic respiration all use glycolysis to oxidize glucose, but they differ in their final electron acceptor and whether an electron transport chain is used (respiration) or not (fermentation). • Respiration yields more ATP; aerobic respiration, with O₂ as the final el ...
... • Fermentation and anaerobic or aerobic respiration all use glycolysis to oxidize glucose, but they differ in their final electron acceptor and whether an electron transport chain is used (respiration) or not (fermentation). • Respiration yields more ATP; aerobic respiration, with O₂ as the final el ...
Notes
... While most plants are C3 plants, these kinds of plants have a major disadvantage. In hot, dry conditions the rate of photosynthesis of these plants will slow or stop as plants cut off their supply of CO2 by closing their stomata. If C3 plants do not close their stomata, they risk losing too much w ...
... While most plants are C3 plants, these kinds of plants have a major disadvantage. In hot, dry conditions the rate of photosynthesis of these plants will slow or stop as plants cut off their supply of CO2 by closing their stomata. If C3 plants do not close their stomata, they risk losing too much w ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.