Effect of Electron–Electron Interaction on Spin Relaxation of Charge
... They cannot be used to evaluate the relative contributions of electron–electron and electron–phonon scattering and distinguish between the effects due to Hartree– Fock corrections to electron energy and electron–electron collisions. In this paper, we present a kinetic theory of spin relaxation of co ...
... They cannot be used to evaluate the relative contributions of electron–electron and electron–phonon scattering and distinguish between the effects due to Hartree– Fock corrections to electron energy and electron–electron collisions. In this paper, we present a kinetic theory of spin relaxation of co ...
Presence of Anaplerotic Reactions and Transamination, and the
... Enzymes ofthe TCA cycle. (i) Citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7) was assayed by both the methods of Srere (1969) and Stitt (1983~).(ii) Aconitase (EC 4.2.1.3) was assayed by a modification of the method of Goldberg & Ellis (1983). The reaction mixture (1.0 ml) contained 100 mM-HEPES/NaOH (pH 7-4), 1.7 mM- ...
... Enzymes ofthe TCA cycle. (i) Citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7) was assayed by both the methods of Srere (1969) and Stitt (1983~).(ii) Aconitase (EC 4.2.1.3) was assayed by a modification of the method of Goldberg & Ellis (1983). The reaction mixture (1.0 ml) contained 100 mM-HEPES/NaOH (pH 7-4), 1.7 mM- ...
Peroxidases and Catalases. Biochemistry, Biophysics, Biotechnology and Physiology Brochure
... all aspects of these ubiquitous enzymes that act on a variety of substances and processes in living systems their properties, reactions, crystal structures, cloning, and more. Considering the subject from both theoretical and applied perspectives, Peroxidases and Catalases offers a critical review o ...
... all aspects of these ubiquitous enzymes that act on a variety of substances and processes in living systems their properties, reactions, crystal structures, cloning, and more. Considering the subject from both theoretical and applied perspectives, Peroxidases and Catalases offers a critical review o ...
What is Biology? Biology and Biologists: Overview What is Biology
... RNA Structure and Function The Initiation of Transcription Elongation, Termination, and Processing The Transcription of DNA to RNA: Summary Translation: Protein Synthesis: Overview ...
... RNA Structure and Function The Initiation of Transcription Elongation, Termination, and Processing The Transcription of DNA to RNA: Summary Translation: Protein Synthesis: Overview ...
The Utilization of Propionate by Micrococcus
... after addition of the labelled material, were received into hot ethanol and were analysed by two-dimensional paper chromatography and autoradiography (Kornberg 1958). Such samples showed the incorporated 14Cto be distributed mainly between the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates citrate, malate, ...
... after addition of the labelled material, were received into hot ethanol and were analysed by two-dimensional paper chromatography and autoradiography (Kornberg 1958). Such samples showed the incorporated 14Cto be distributed mainly between the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates citrate, malate, ...
2 H
... In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration Each NADH (the reduce ...
... In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration Each NADH (the reduce ...
fulltext
... UDP-D-glucuronic acid represents a major branched-point in the biosynthesis of several other nucleotide sugars (SEIFERT 2004). Higher plants incorporate large amounts of D-GalA residues in the backbones of pectic material and the interconversion between UDP-D-GlcA and UDP-D-GalA is freely reversible ...
... UDP-D-glucuronic acid represents a major branched-point in the biosynthesis of several other nucleotide sugars (SEIFERT 2004). Higher plants incorporate large amounts of D-GalA residues in the backbones of pectic material and the interconversion between UDP-D-GlcA and UDP-D-GalA is freely reversible ...
FTIR characterization and antioxidant activity of water
... 2015). Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) purified from algae and other organisms in particular, have been widely used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to their broad spectrum of bioactivity and limited toxicity (Fleita et al. 2015). These macromolecules possess anticoagulant, antivi ...
... 2015). Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) purified from algae and other organisms in particular, have been widely used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to their broad spectrum of bioactivity and limited toxicity (Fleita et al. 2015). These macromolecules possess anticoagulant, antivi ...
Chapter 25
... are reductive with NADPH usually serving as the immediate source of electrons. This coenzyme is reduced in the pentose phosphate pathway. Additionally, cycles exist to move electrons from NADH to NADP+. Catabolic pathways are exergonic and lead to synthesis of ATP. ATP is then consumed in anabolic, ...
... are reductive with NADPH usually serving as the immediate source of electrons. This coenzyme is reduced in the pentose phosphate pathway. Additionally, cycles exist to move electrons from NADH to NADP+. Catabolic pathways are exergonic and lead to synthesis of ATP. ATP is then consumed in anabolic, ...
Central carbon metabolism of Saccharomyces
... the mitochondrial membranes by the oxaloacetate carrier protein [30] in order to refill the mt-OxAc pool. The transport is driven by the proton motive force at the inner mitochondrial membrane, i.e. oxaloacetate is actively transferred across the membrane in symport with protons (Fig. 1). This mode ...
... the mitochondrial membranes by the oxaloacetate carrier protein [30] in order to refill the mt-OxAc pool. The transport is driven by the proton motive force at the inner mitochondrial membrane, i.e. oxaloacetate is actively transferred across the membrane in symport with protons (Fig. 1). This mode ...
A 3-month old female infant seemed normal until she developed
... TCA cycle intermediates. The role of pyruvate carboxylase in astrocytes is that it can utilize α-ketogluterate as a precursor for the formation of glutamate. Since glutamate is constantly being withdrawn from the TCA cycle, pyruvate carboxylase is responsible to replenish this intermediate in the as ...
... TCA cycle intermediates. The role of pyruvate carboxylase in astrocytes is that it can utilize α-ketogluterate as a precursor for the formation of glutamate. Since glutamate is constantly being withdrawn from the TCA cycle, pyruvate carboxylase is responsible to replenish this intermediate in the as ...
Chapter 8
... OAA plus pyruvate together with muscle mince in the absence of oxygen. Because there was no O2 present no oxidative metabolism could occur. They discovered that citrate accumulated in the reaction mixture and thus proposed the conceptually important step in which OAA and pyruvate condensed with one- ...
... OAA plus pyruvate together with muscle mince in the absence of oxygen. Because there was no O2 present no oxidative metabolism could occur. They discovered that citrate accumulated in the reaction mixture and thus proposed the conceptually important step in which OAA and pyruvate condensed with one- ...
Biosynthesis of Isoprenoids
... subsequently reduced by HMG-CoA reductase in two coupled reactions that form mevalonic acid. ...
... subsequently reduced by HMG-CoA reductase in two coupled reactions that form mevalonic acid. ...
A horizontal gene transfer at the origin of phenylpropanoid
... The phenylpropanoid pathway likely evolved progressively in land plants by the recruitment of enzymes from the primary metabolism (for a recent review see 4). However, the origin of PAL was a key event, since it provided the initial step from which the rest of the pathway was assembled. Indeed, PAL ...
... The phenylpropanoid pathway likely evolved progressively in land plants by the recruitment of enzymes from the primary metabolism (for a recent review see 4). However, the origin of PAL was a key event, since it provided the initial step from which the rest of the pathway was assembled. Indeed, PAL ...
Energy and Muscle Contraction
... Glycolysis, however, is not cellular respiration. Glycolysis does not occur in the mitochondria, but in the cytoplasm. Therefore it is possible that glycolysis may be accelerated independently of oxygen delivery. When ATP production occurs independent of oxygen, it is said to be anaerobic. ...
... Glycolysis, however, is not cellular respiration. Glycolysis does not occur in the mitochondria, but in the cytoplasm. Therefore it is possible that glycolysis may be accelerated independently of oxygen delivery. When ATP production occurs independent of oxygen, it is said to be anaerobic. ...
Chapter 2- 27 Chemistry Fluids Electrolytes Acid Base Balances
... Increasing osmolarity of interstitial fluid draws water out of cells and cells shrink Decreasing osmolarity of interstitial fluid causes cells to swell ...
... Increasing osmolarity of interstitial fluid draws water out of cells and cells shrink Decreasing osmolarity of interstitial fluid causes cells to swell ...
Bio1A - Lec 9 slides File
... but it should be a negligible amount. This is less true than for competitive inhibition, but for our understanding we will be using the following assumption. ...
... but it should be a negligible amount. This is less true than for competitive inhibition, but for our understanding we will be using the following assumption. ...
IBTECHOLOGY20102011MIDTERMOBJECTIVEEXAM2010
... ____ 27. the reproductive part of a flowering plant ____ 28. propagation method in which a plant is grown from a single cell or group of cells ____ 29. reproduction or increase in the number of ...
... ____ 27. the reproductive part of a flowering plant ____ 28. propagation method in which a plant is grown from a single cell or group of cells ____ 29. reproduction or increase in the number of ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.