Citric Acid Cycle - University of California, Berkeley
... electrons to an electron carrier, NAD+, via a tightly bound intermediary electron carrier, FAD. Dihydroxylipoyllysine + NAD+ Lipoyllysine + NADH FAD. The flavin group is the business end of FAD; it is not linked to ribose, but to ribitol—a reduced product of ribose. Then, it is linked to a pyropho ...
... electrons to an electron carrier, NAD+, via a tightly bound intermediary electron carrier, FAD. Dihydroxylipoyllysine + NAD+ Lipoyllysine + NADH FAD. The flavin group is the business end of FAD; it is not linked to ribose, but to ribitol—a reduced product of ribose. Then, it is linked to a pyropho ...
Chapter 13
... 1. Metabolic inhibitors, genetic defects and isotope labeled compound are useful tool to study metabolism systems, such as glycolysis, phenylalanine metabolism and the metabolic origin of the nitrogen atom in heme. 2. Radioactive isotope decay is a first order kinetic, i.e., v = k[A]. Therefore, the ...
... 1. Metabolic inhibitors, genetic defects and isotope labeled compound are useful tool to study metabolism systems, such as glycolysis, phenylalanine metabolism and the metabolic origin of the nitrogen atom in heme. 2. Radioactive isotope decay is a first order kinetic, i.e., v = k[A]. Therefore, the ...
AS2098
... students are expected to be able to: 1.Describe the nature and sequence of the biochemical reactions in the principal metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. 2.Explain the biological significance and fates of the metabolic intermediates and end products of the principal metabolic p ...
... students are expected to be able to: 1.Describe the nature and sequence of the biochemical reactions in the principal metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. 2.Explain the biological significance and fates of the metabolic intermediates and end products of the principal metabolic p ...
Dr: Anwar J almzaiel Glycolysis
... of O2 is present, the results of anaerobic glycolysis is 2pyruvate2 + 2 NADH + 2 ATP, if oxygen is not available (not sufficient, such as hypoxia, anoxia complete deficiency of O2). The result of anaerobic glycolysis is 2 lactate + 2 ATP. All of the enzymes of glycolysis are found in the cytosol. Un ...
... of O2 is present, the results of anaerobic glycolysis is 2pyruvate2 + 2 NADH + 2 ATP, if oxygen is not available (not sufficient, such as hypoxia, anoxia complete deficiency of O2). The result of anaerobic glycolysis is 2 lactate + 2 ATP. All of the enzymes of glycolysis are found in the cytosol. Un ...
VO2 Max
... glycolysis only without oxygen. Carbohydrate broken down to Pyruvic acid and 2 molecules of ATP. To try to prevent an increase in acidity the pyruvic acid accepts the H+, forming Lactic acid. Lactic acid is thought to interefere with muscle contraction due to disrupting the binding of Calcium ...
... glycolysis only without oxygen. Carbohydrate broken down to Pyruvic acid and 2 molecules of ATP. To try to prevent an increase in acidity the pyruvic acid accepts the H+, forming Lactic acid. Lactic acid is thought to interefere with muscle contraction due to disrupting the binding of Calcium ...
Slide 1
... As electrons move down the chain, they release small bursts of energy to pump protons between the inner and outer membrane of the mitochondrion As each molecule first picks up and then gives off electrons, it becomes reduced and then oxidized and the energy is given up (oxidative phosphorylation ...
... As electrons move down the chain, they release small bursts of energy to pump protons between the inner and outer membrane of the mitochondrion As each molecule first picks up and then gives off electrons, it becomes reduced and then oxidized and the energy is given up (oxidative phosphorylation ...
Fat Metabolism during One Hours Exercise on High and Low Doses
... l3COZenrichment (from [ 1-13C]palmitate) and 14C0, specific activity (SA) (from [1-14C] acetate) were measured over the last 20 min to determine the recovery of label from acetate and to calculate plasma FFA oxidation rates. Acetate directly enters the TCA cycle and, under the present experimental c ...
... l3COZenrichment (from [ 1-13C]palmitate) and 14C0, specific activity (SA) (from [1-14C] acetate) were measured over the last 20 min to determine the recovery of label from acetate and to calculate plasma FFA oxidation rates. Acetate directly enters the TCA cycle and, under the present experimental c ...
Topics To Know For Chapter 6
... 12. Know the events of chemiosmosis discussed in class and where does it take place. - thylakoid membrane - ATP synthetase - thylakoid space - electron flow - pH 4 - photosystems I & II - H+ concentration 13. Know what makes the Calvin cycle work or operate. Describe the events taking place in the C ...
... 12. Know the events of chemiosmosis discussed in class and where does it take place. - thylakoid membrane - ATP synthetase - thylakoid space - electron flow - pH 4 - photosystems I & II - H+ concentration 13. Know what makes the Calvin cycle work or operate. Describe the events taking place in the C ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... • Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food • These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food • These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Plant nutrition and soils – Chapter 29
... Negatively charged particles (NO 3-) are weakly bound and tend to leach from the soil Ion exchange • Acid pHs (high H+ concentration) tend to displace positive ions from the soil, liming, acid rain High pH (above 6.8) - can lead to Fe deficiency- precipitates from solution as Fe oxides or hydrox ...
... Negatively charged particles (NO 3-) are weakly bound and tend to leach from the soil Ion exchange • Acid pHs (high H+ concentration) tend to displace positive ions from the soil, liming, acid rain High pH (above 6.8) - can lead to Fe deficiency- precipitates from solution as Fe oxides or hydrox ...
Cell Respiration
... – If O2 is present pyruvic acid will be used in the process of aerobic respiration • 36 more molecules of ATP are synthesized as cellular respiration continues through the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain – If O2 is absent the pyruvic acid will be used in the process of anaerobic respira ...
... – If O2 is present pyruvic acid will be used in the process of aerobic respiration • 36 more molecules of ATP are synthesized as cellular respiration continues through the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain – If O2 is absent the pyruvic acid will be used in the process of anaerobic respira ...
Application of Genetic Engineering
... • Golden rice was developed as a fortified food to be used in areas where there is a shortage of dietary vitamin A. • No variety is currently available for human consumption. Although golden rice was developed as a humanitarian tool, it has met with significant opposition from environmental and anti ...
... • Golden rice was developed as a fortified food to be used in areas where there is a shortage of dietary vitamin A. • No variety is currently available for human consumption. Although golden rice was developed as a humanitarian tool, it has met with significant opposition from environmental and anti ...
ATP/NADH Ledger
... As long as food molecules are available to be converted into glucose, a cell can produce ATP. Continual production creates NADH accumulation and NAD+ depletion. NADH must be recycled into NAD+. • Aerobic respiration - oxygen as electron acceptor • Fermentation - organic molecule ...
... As long as food molecules are available to be converted into glucose, a cell can produce ATP. Continual production creates NADH accumulation and NAD+ depletion. NADH must be recycled into NAD+. • Aerobic respiration - oxygen as electron acceptor • Fermentation - organic molecule ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... In each turn of the cycle, on acetyl froup enters as acetyl-CoA and two Co2 leave; 1 OAA used and 1 OAA generated; NADH and FADH2, GTP or ATP 2. Four or five carbon intermediate serve as precursor of biomolecule 3. In eucaryotes, cycle takes place in mitochondria - the site of most energyyielding ox ...
... In each turn of the cycle, on acetyl froup enters as acetyl-CoA and two Co2 leave; 1 OAA used and 1 OAA generated; NADH and FADH2, GTP or ATP 2. Four or five carbon intermediate serve as precursor of biomolecule 3. In eucaryotes, cycle takes place in mitochondria - the site of most energyyielding ox ...
PPTB&W - Gmu - George Mason University
... Certain Period 2 elements exhibit behaviors that are very similar to those of the Period 3 elements immediately below and to the right ...
... Certain Period 2 elements exhibit behaviors that are very similar to those of the Period 3 elements immediately below and to the right ...
Document
... cellular respiration- oxygen consumed as a reactant along with glucose know byproducts. Redox reaction- oxidation , reduction, oxidizing agent, reducing agent Fig. 9.4 Electron carriers- NAD+ is reduced (gains electrons to form NADH “currency in the form of a check”) Fig. 9.5 An introduction to the ...
... cellular respiration- oxygen consumed as a reactant along with glucose know byproducts. Redox reaction- oxidation , reduction, oxidizing agent, reducing agent Fig. 9.4 Electron carriers- NAD+ is reduced (gains electrons to form NADH “currency in the form of a check”) Fig. 9.5 An introduction to the ...
Answers to STUDY BREAK Questions Essentials 5th Chapter 13
... tail in a snake-like motion. Advanced fishes have a relatively inflexible body, which undulates rapidly through a shorter distance, and a hinged scythe-like tail to couple muscular energy to the water. Maintenance of level is crucial to any swimming animal. The density of fish tissue is typically gr ...
... tail in a snake-like motion. Advanced fishes have a relatively inflexible body, which undulates rapidly through a shorter distance, and a hinged scythe-like tail to couple muscular energy to the water. Maintenance of level is crucial to any swimming animal. The density of fish tissue is typically gr ...
Principles of Ecology
... The lowest level of organization is the individual organism . Organisms of a single species that share the same geographic location at the same time make up a population. A biological community is a group of interacting populations that occupy the same geographic area at the same time. ...
... The lowest level of organization is the individual organism . Organisms of a single species that share the same geographic location at the same time make up a population. A biological community is a group of interacting populations that occupy the same geographic area at the same time. ...
Hydrogen as a Renewable Energy Source from the Biophotolysis of
... there are several [NiFe] hydrogenases from other microorganisms that do maintain activity in the presence of oxygen, including those from Ralstonia eutropha, Rubrivivax gelatinousous, and Alteromonas macleodii. At the catalytic heterodimer core of these [NiFe] hydrogenases, there are two subunits, o ...
... there are several [NiFe] hydrogenases from other microorganisms that do maintain activity in the presence of oxygen, including those from Ralstonia eutropha, Rubrivivax gelatinousous, and Alteromonas macleodii. At the catalytic heterodimer core of these [NiFe] hydrogenases, there are two subunits, o ...
Cellular Respiration in More Depth Part 1: ATP—The
... The final phase of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation. Both the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis make up oxidative phosphorylation. During this phase of cellular respiration, all of the NADH and FADH2 that were produced in other phases of cellular respiration (glycolysis, the ...
... The final phase of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation. Both the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis make up oxidative phosphorylation. During this phase of cellular respiration, all of the NADH and FADH2 that were produced in other phases of cellular respiration (glycolysis, the ...
FERMENTATION
... FERMENTATION Fermentation is an __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________. Cells performed anaerobic fermentation long before aerobic cellular respiration occurred. ...
... FERMENTATION Fermentation is an __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________. Cells performed anaerobic fermentation long before aerobic cellular respiration occurred. ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)