Chapter 7
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... on or off. Please note: once you have used any of the animation functions (such as Play or Pause), you must first click in the white background before you advance the next slide. ...
Regents Biology
... anaerobic respiration Animals and some bacteria glucose ATP + lactic acid ...
... anaerobic respiration Animals and some bacteria glucose ATP + lactic acid ...
Introduction
... How do bacteria get their energy?http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/bacterialh.html 10. Bacteria can be aerobic, anaerobic, or facultative anaerobes? What is the difference between these three types of bacteria? Aerobic-thrive with oxygen and require it Anaerobic-don’t like or use oxygen Facultat ...
... How do bacteria get their energy?http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/bacterialh.html 10. Bacteria can be aerobic, anaerobic, or facultative anaerobes? What is the difference between these three types of bacteria? Aerobic-thrive with oxygen and require it Anaerobic-don’t like or use oxygen Facultat ...
4.6 Fermentation
... – Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose – Glycolysis produces 2 pyruvates, 2 ATP and 2 NADH ...
... – Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose – Glycolysis produces 2 pyruvates, 2 ATP and 2 NADH ...
Final Exam from S06
... Choose ONE figure and, in 4-5 sentences, explain the content of the figure. Your mom has an eye for detail, so be sure to explain specifics as well as big picture/conceptual issues. Your mom always appreciates a well-organized, coherent explanation of science stuff. Use proper terminology and indica ...
... Choose ONE figure and, in 4-5 sentences, explain the content of the figure. Your mom has an eye for detail, so be sure to explain specifics as well as big picture/conceptual issues. Your mom always appreciates a well-organized, coherent explanation of science stuff. Use proper terminology and indica ...
3. CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... Total number of ATP Produced during the complete oxidation of one molecules of glucose • One molecule of glucose is converted to 2 molecules of pyruvate by glycolysis and the pyruvate is further converted to acetyl CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase before entering into citric acid cycle. • During this ...
... Total number of ATP Produced during the complete oxidation of one molecules of glucose • One molecule of glucose is converted to 2 molecules of pyruvate by glycolysis and the pyruvate is further converted to acetyl CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase before entering into citric acid cycle. • During this ...
Nutrition
... 5. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) – occurs on the cristae of the mitochondria A) Involves membrane proteins acting as H+ pumps that will release energy as an electron is transferred from one to another B) NADH and FADH2 drop off their hydrogen atoms to the chain of electron acceptors C) As the H are ...
... 5. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) – occurs on the cristae of the mitochondria A) Involves membrane proteins acting as H+ pumps that will release energy as an electron is transferred from one to another B) NADH and FADH2 drop off their hydrogen atoms to the chain of electron acceptors C) As the H are ...
9.1 Catabolic Pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels
... 1. Glycolysis- begins degradation process in cytosol by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, which enters the mitochondria. Note: cell respiration includes only steps 2 &3. Glycolysis is not a part of cell respiration, but respiring cells derive energy from glucose using glycolysis to ...
... 1. Glycolysis- begins degradation process in cytosol by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, which enters the mitochondria. Note: cell respiration includes only steps 2 &3. Glycolysis is not a part of cell respiration, but respiring cells derive energy from glucose using glycolysis to ...
Aerobic Respiration
... Lactate Fermentation • Carried out by certain bacteria • Electron transfer chain is in bacterial plasma membrane • Final electron acceptor is compound from environment (such as nitrate), not oxygen • ATP yield is low ...
... Lactate Fermentation • Carried out by certain bacteria • Electron transfer chain is in bacterial plasma membrane • Final electron acceptor is compound from environment (such as nitrate), not oxygen • ATP yield is low ...
Chapter 12 (part 1) - University of Nevada, Reno
... • Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + Q + GDP + Pi +2 H20 HS-CoA + 3NADH + QH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 2 H+ ...
... • Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + Q + GDP + Pi +2 H20 HS-CoA + 3NADH + QH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 2 H+ ...
PP Cellular Energy
... chemical bonds of the organic molecule that is broken down. • Cellular respiration involves many different reactions, each controlled by its own enzyme. • Cellular respiration usually uses glucose however fats (fatty acids and glycerol) and amino acids can also be used. ...
... chemical bonds of the organic molecule that is broken down. • Cellular respiration involves many different reactions, each controlled by its own enzyme. • Cellular respiration usually uses glucose however fats (fatty acids and glycerol) and amino acids can also be used. ...
Reactive Oxygen Species
... A scheme of the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenases. The binding of the substrate (RH) to ferric P450 (a) results in the formation of the substrate complex (b). The ferric P450 then accepts the first electron from CPR (cytochrome P450 reductase), thereby being reduced to the ...
... A scheme of the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenases. The binding of the substrate (RH) to ferric P450 (a) results in the formation of the substrate complex (b). The ferric P450 then accepts the first electron from CPR (cytochrome P450 reductase), thereby being reduced to the ...
Module 10: Catabolism of Amino Acids
... At the end of this test there is a scheme of the glycolysis pathway. Just by the molecules involved in the pathway: a. Which step of the glycolysis pathway will yield a molecule of reduced NADH? b. Why does the overall glycolysis pathway yields two and not one molecule of NADH? Breaking down glycoge ...
... At the end of this test there is a scheme of the glycolysis pathway. Just by the molecules involved in the pathway: a. Which step of the glycolysis pathway will yield a molecule of reduced NADH? b. Why does the overall glycolysis pathway yields two and not one molecule of NADH? Breaking down glycoge ...
How Cells Release Chemical Energy – Cellular Respiration
... Aerobic Respiration’s Big Energy Payoff 4. Electron Transport Chain ...
... Aerobic Respiration’s Big Energy Payoff 4. Electron Transport Chain ...
Fermentation
... Fermentation is a process by which energy can be released from food molecules in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. ...
... Fermentation is a process by which energy can be released from food molecules in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. ...
File
... Answer = A 2. Cell communication is critical for the function of both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. Which of the following is likely true of cell signaling? A. cell signaling uses the highest molecular weight molecules found in living cells B. Cell signaling has largely been replaced by ...
... Answer = A 2. Cell communication is critical for the function of both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. Which of the following is likely true of cell signaling? A. cell signaling uses the highest molecular weight molecules found in living cells B. Cell signaling has largely been replaced by ...
Peroxisomal oxidation of fatty acids
... of fatty acids: Most of the steps are same as b-oxidation in mitochondria except that the first dehydrogenase is not linked to ETC in proxisomes. Electrons from the first reaction are transferred directly to O2 producing p hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomal enzymes are up-regulated when fat rich diets a ...
... of fatty acids: Most of the steps are same as b-oxidation in mitochondria except that the first dehydrogenase is not linked to ETC in proxisomes. Electrons from the first reaction are transferred directly to O2 producing p hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomal enzymes are up-regulated when fat rich diets a ...
Slide 1
... The cell must shuttle their electrons to the Electron Transport Chain Where energy from the oxidation of organic fuel will power the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP ...
... The cell must shuttle their electrons to the Electron Transport Chain Where energy from the oxidation of organic fuel will power the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP ...
bch222 tutorial kit - Covenant University
... algae. They make their own food from inorganic substances. They are called producers because they produce chemical energy for the entire ecosystem. They convert inorganic substances and light into organic substances containing chemical energy i.e food. Heterotrophs are known as consumers, they get t ...
... algae. They make their own food from inorganic substances. They are called producers because they produce chemical energy for the entire ecosystem. They convert inorganic substances and light into organic substances containing chemical energy i.e food. Heterotrophs are known as consumers, they get t ...
Glycolysis
... Recall: NAD functions in the cell as an energy transport compound. The cell has a limited supply of this compound. In glycolysis, 2 molecules of NAD+ are reduced to NADH + H+. Under aerobic conditions, the NADH transfer their H and 2e- to the ETC (where O2 is the final electron acceptor). But, witho ...
... Recall: NAD functions in the cell as an energy transport compound. The cell has a limited supply of this compound. In glycolysis, 2 molecules of NAD+ are reduced to NADH + H+. Under aerobic conditions, the NADH transfer their H and 2e- to the ETC (where O2 is the final electron acceptor). But, witho ...
Energy Transfer
... Digestion, absorption, and assimilation of relatively large food macromolecules into small subunits. Within the cytosol, AA’s, glucose, fatty acids, and glycerol units are degraded into acetyl-CoA Within the mitochondria, acetyl-CoA degrades to CO2 and H2O with considerable ATP resynthesis. ...
... Digestion, absorption, and assimilation of relatively large food macromolecules into small subunits. Within the cytosol, AA’s, glucose, fatty acids, and glycerol units are degraded into acetyl-CoA Within the mitochondria, acetyl-CoA degrades to CO2 and H2O with considerable ATP resynthesis. ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)