nucleicacidmetabolism
... Cys439 reacts with substrate 3’-OH to form free radical at C3’ Substrate dehydrates to carbonyl at C3’ and free radical at C2’; S- formed at Cys462 Disulfide formed between Cys462,Cys225; radical regenerated at Cys439 ...
... Cys439 reacts with substrate 3’-OH to form free radical at C3’ Substrate dehydrates to carbonyl at C3’ and free radical at C2’; S- formed at Cys462 Disulfide formed between Cys462,Cys225; radical regenerated at Cys439 ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: AEROBIC HARVESTING OF ENERGY
... – a single molecule of glucose is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps, – two molecules of pyruvate are produced, – two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of NADH, and ...
... – a single molecule of glucose is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps, – two molecules of pyruvate are produced, – two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of NADH, and ...
LABORATORY MANUAL ON BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
... leading ukrainian specialists as well by coworkers of the Department of Biochemistry of Lviv national medical university. The final aims in learning of the subject “Biological and bioorganic chemistry“ are determined with a thesis, that student in his future professional activity ought to be able: ...
... leading ukrainian specialists as well by coworkers of the Department of Biochemistry of Lviv national medical university. The final aims in learning of the subject “Biological and bioorganic chemistry“ are determined with a thesis, that student in his future professional activity ought to be able: ...
Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders
... MPTP, a selective inhibitor of PD mitochondrial complex I, directed researchers’ attention to pathological roles of mitochondria in PD and raised the possibility that environmental toxins affecting mitochondria might cause PD. Other mitochondrial toxins characterized as parkinsonism-inducing reagent ...
... MPTP, a selective inhibitor of PD mitochondrial complex I, directed researchers’ attention to pathological roles of mitochondria in PD and raised the possibility that environmental toxins affecting mitochondria might cause PD. Other mitochondrial toxins characterized as parkinsonism-inducing reagent ...
fermentation?
... • In glycolysis, a net of 2 molecules of ATP, or chemical energy, are produced. • The citric acid cycle produces another 2 molecules of ATP • The electron transport chain produces 28 molecules of ATP. • Oxygen is used in aerobic cellular respiration as the final electron acceptor in the electron tra ...
... • In glycolysis, a net of 2 molecules of ATP, or chemical energy, are produced. • The citric acid cycle produces another 2 molecules of ATP • The electron transport chain produces 28 molecules of ATP. • Oxygen is used in aerobic cellular respiration as the final electron acceptor in the electron tra ...
pyruvate
... The two products of the Pdh complex, NADH and acetyl-CoA, are negative allosteric effectors on Pdh-a, the non-phosphorylated, active form of Pdh. These effectors (see Figure 13 Lecture ppt) reduce the affinity of the enzyme for pyruvate, thus limiting the flow of carbon through the Pdh complex. In a ...
... The two products of the Pdh complex, NADH and acetyl-CoA, are negative allosteric effectors on Pdh-a, the non-phosphorylated, active form of Pdh. These effectors (see Figure 13 Lecture ppt) reduce the affinity of the enzyme for pyruvate, thus limiting the flow of carbon through the Pdh complex. In a ...
Dusty Carroll Lesson Plan 4
... oxygen. This particular step is not well-proven, yet, but it is one explanation. The acid responsible for protonation may be the Glu461 from the active site of the enzyme. ...
... oxygen. This particular step is not well-proven, yet, but it is one explanation. The acid responsible for protonation may be the Glu461 from the active site of the enzyme. ...
Oxidation of Organic Fuel Molecules During Cellular
... molecules and yields ATP • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... molecules and yields ATP • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
COURSE SYLLABUS CHM 521 Biochemistry I 3(3
... Nucleotide structure Amino acid structure Amino acid properties and peptides Protein function and classification Protein purification and sequencing Structure of fibrous proteins; collagen Structure of globular proteins Hemoglobin and immunoglobulins ...
... Nucleotide structure Amino acid structure Amino acid properties and peptides Protein function and classification Protein purification and sequencing Structure of fibrous proteins; collagen Structure of globular proteins Hemoglobin and immunoglobulins ...
Chapter 6 notes
... 6.7 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate • The steps of glycolysis have two main phases. • In steps 1–4, the energy investment phase, energy is consumed as two ATP molecules are used to energize a glucose molecule, which is then split into ...
... 6.7 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate • The steps of glycolysis have two main phases. • In steps 1–4, the energy investment phase, energy is consumed as two ATP molecules are used to energize a glucose molecule, which is then split into ...
Glucose control in cardiac surgery
... Glucose control and cardiac surgery trial GIK GIK in cardiology patients GIK in surgical patients ...
... Glucose control and cardiac surgery trial GIK GIK in cardiology patients GIK in surgical patients ...
Metabolic Disorders in Pediatric Neurology
... David Hsu, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI ...
... David Hsu, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI ...
Muscle glycogenoses: an overview
... man muscle utilizes almost exclusively fatty acids, as indicated by the very low respiratory quotient (around 0.7). At the other end of the spectrum, during extremely intense exercise, close to vO2max, energy derives mostly from glycogen through anaerobic glycolysis, a cytosolic pathway (Fig. 1). Du ...
... man muscle utilizes almost exclusively fatty acids, as indicated by the very low respiratory quotient (around 0.7). At the other end of the spectrum, during extremely intense exercise, close to vO2max, energy derives mostly from glycogen through anaerobic glycolysis, a cytosolic pathway (Fig. 1). Du ...
of the fatty acid is oxidized. Fatty acid oxidation is divided into two
... complete degradation of saturated fatty acids having an even number of carbon atoms. Most fatty acids have such structures because of their mode of synthesis . The oxidation of fatty acids containing double bonds requires additional steps. Likewise, fatty acids containing an odd number of carbon ato ...
... complete degradation of saturated fatty acids having an even number of carbon atoms. Most fatty acids have such structures because of their mode of synthesis . The oxidation of fatty acids containing double bonds requires additional steps. Likewise, fatty acids containing an odd number of carbon ato ...
AP BIOLOGY Big IDEA #2 A 1 The Role of Free Energy
... Substrate Specificity of Enzymes • The reactant that an enzyme acts on is called the enzyme’s substrate • The enzyme binds to its substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex • The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds • Induced fit of a substrate brings chemical group ...
... Substrate Specificity of Enzymes • The reactant that an enzyme acts on is called the enzyme’s substrate • The enzyme binds to its substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex • The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds • Induced fit of a substrate brings chemical group ...
carbohydrate metabolism
... What are the Total and Net amounts of ATP formed when One Molecule of Glucose is metabolized via Anaerobic Glycolysis? o Amount of ATP molecules used up = 2 ATP o Total amount of ATP produced = 4 ATP (formed at Substrate Level) o Net amount of ATP produced equals: 4 ATP – 2 ATP = 2 ATP What are the ...
... What are the Total and Net amounts of ATP formed when One Molecule of Glucose is metabolized via Anaerobic Glycolysis? o Amount of ATP molecules used up = 2 ATP o Total amount of ATP produced = 4 ATP (formed at Substrate Level) o Net amount of ATP produced equals: 4 ATP – 2 ATP = 2 ATP What are the ...
Improving muscle mass: response of muscle metabolism to exercise
... of an accumulation of proteins in response to each individual exercise bout. MPS and MPB (muscle protein breakdown) may be increased during recovery following resistance exercise of sufficient intensity [5]. However, MPS is increased more than MPB, so NBAL is improved. In the absence of nutrient int ...
... of an accumulation of proteins in response to each individual exercise bout. MPS and MPB (muscle protein breakdown) may be increased during recovery following resistance exercise of sufficient intensity [5]. However, MPS is increased more than MPB, so NBAL is improved. In the absence of nutrient int ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation Goal: ATP Synthesis
... • How did these key experiments support the chemiosmotic theory of Peter Mitchell? – The pH of the intermembrane space is lower than the pH of the mitochondrial matrix. – Oxidative phosphorylation does not occur in mitochondrial preparations to which detergents ...
... • How did these key experiments support the chemiosmotic theory of Peter Mitchell? – The pH of the intermembrane space is lower than the pH of the mitochondrial matrix. – Oxidative phosphorylation does not occur in mitochondrial preparations to which detergents ...
Acetyl L-Carnitine
... Alpha Lipoic Acid for Vitality Alpha lipoic acid is a fat and water soluble compound that is naturally found in your body. It directly recycles vitamin C and indirectly recycles vitamin E to help your body maintain beneficial levels of these important and protective antioxidants. Alpha-lipoic acid a ...
... Alpha Lipoic Acid for Vitality Alpha lipoic acid is a fat and water soluble compound that is naturally found in your body. It directly recycles vitamin C and indirectly recycles vitamin E to help your body maintain beneficial levels of these important and protective antioxidants. Alpha-lipoic acid a ...
Microbial production of hyaluronic acid: current state, challenges
... aeration rate, shear stress, dissolved oxygen, and bioreactor type) significantly influence the microbial HA production. The pH and temperature for HA production by S. zooepidemicus were usually at 7.0 and 37°C, respectively [26,27]. The microbial HA production by S. zooepidemicus is a typically vis ...
... aeration rate, shear stress, dissolved oxygen, and bioreactor type) significantly influence the microbial HA production. The pH and temperature for HA production by S. zooepidemicus were usually at 7.0 and 37°C, respectively [26,27]. The microbial HA production by S. zooepidemicus is a typically vis ...
Essentials of Glycobiology Lecture 42 June 9, 1998 Jeff Esko
... ManNH2-Man-GlcN-PI is a poor substrate for the a2mannosyltransferase Trypanosomes selectively take up and exchange fatty acid analogs (10-(propoxy)decanoic acid) for acyl chains on glycosylphosphatidylinositol O O HO ...
... ManNH2-Man-GlcN-PI is a poor substrate for the a2mannosyltransferase Trypanosomes selectively take up and exchange fatty acid analogs (10-(propoxy)decanoic acid) for acyl chains on glycosylphosphatidylinositol O O HO ...
Urea cycle
... ★ It is used as a marker of renal function. A plasma urea concentration above 15 mmol/l almost certainly indicates renal impairment. • The plasma urea is the most useful test of 'renal excretory function', as it correlates well with the clinical consequences of retained metabolic products (uremia) i ...
... ★ It is used as a marker of renal function. A plasma urea concentration above 15 mmol/l almost certainly indicates renal impairment. • The plasma urea is the most useful test of 'renal excretory function', as it correlates well with the clinical consequences of retained metabolic products (uremia) i ...
Chapter 11 Vitamins and proteins
... Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed in minute quantities on a regular basis as part of a healthy diet. Thirteen vitamins are required but they generally cannot be synthesised by humans, except for vitamin D. If, however, vitamins are present in excess or are deficient, diseases such as be ...
... Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed in minute quantities on a regular basis as part of a healthy diet. Thirteen vitamins are required but they generally cannot be synthesised by humans, except for vitamin D. If, however, vitamins are present in excess or are deficient, diseases such as be ...
Glucose-6-P to Fructose-6-P
... • Hexokinase (and glucokinase) act to phosphorylate glucose and keep it in the cell • Km for glucose is 0.1 mM; cell has 4 mM glucose • So hexokinase is normally active! • Glucokinase (Kmglucose = 10 mM) only turns on when cell is rich in glucose • Hexokinase is regulated - allosterically inhibited ...
... • Hexokinase (and glucokinase) act to phosphorylate glucose and keep it in the cell • Km for glucose is 0.1 mM; cell has 4 mM glucose • So hexokinase is normally active! • Glucokinase (Kmglucose = 10 mM) only turns on when cell is rich in glucose • Hexokinase is regulated - allosterically inhibited ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.