Pharmacology 34: Bacterial and Mycobacterial Infections (Cell Wall
... Activation step -> TP attacks D-Ala-D-Ala amide bond on glycan polymer (releasing alanine) Coupling step -> free amino group (Gram-positive) or DAP (Gram-negative) attacks intermediate = new amide bond cross-link o Penicillin mimics D-Ala-D-Ala binding TP active site forming enzyme-penicillin comple ...
... Activation step -> TP attacks D-Ala-D-Ala amide bond on glycan polymer (releasing alanine) Coupling step -> free amino group (Gram-positive) or DAP (Gram-negative) attacks intermediate = new amide bond cross-link o Penicillin mimics D-Ala-D-Ala binding TP active site forming enzyme-penicillin comple ...
Nucleotide Metabolism Nucleotide sources - Rose
... PRPP is not committed to purine biosynthesis; it is also used for other processes (such as pyrimidine biosynthesis, histidine biosynthesis, and nucleotide base salvage). However, availability of PRPP is critical for purine biosynthesis. The second step, the loss of the PRPP pyrophosphate, and the ad ...
... PRPP is not committed to purine biosynthesis; it is also used for other processes (such as pyrimidine biosynthesis, histidine biosynthesis, and nucleotide base salvage). However, availability of PRPP is critical for purine biosynthesis. The second step, the loss of the PRPP pyrophosphate, and the ad ...
METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
... Oxidation releases energy for the cell to use. All carbohydrates that are eaten eventually are converted to glucose, or to compounds that are metabolized by the same pathway as glucose. (starch, lactose, sucrose, maltose) For glucose: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2820 kJ (energy stored in chemical ...
... Oxidation releases energy for the cell to use. All carbohydrates that are eaten eventually are converted to glucose, or to compounds that are metabolized by the same pathway as glucose. (starch, lactose, sucrose, maltose) For glucose: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2820 kJ (energy stored in chemical ...
PURINE & PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM
... base, ribose/deoxyribose and phosphates. Nucleoside consists purine/pyrimidine base and ribose/deoxyribose. Purine base contains adenine, guanine and hypoxanthine. Pyrimidine base contains cytosine, uracil and thymine. ...
... base, ribose/deoxyribose and phosphates. Nucleoside consists purine/pyrimidine base and ribose/deoxyribose. Purine base contains adenine, guanine and hypoxanthine. Pyrimidine base contains cytosine, uracil and thymine. ...
Document
... • The UDP-glucose used for cellulose synthesis is generated from sucrose produced from photosynthesis, by the reaction catalyzed by sucrose synthase (this enzyme is wrongly ...
... • The UDP-glucose used for cellulose synthesis is generated from sucrose produced from photosynthesis, by the reaction catalyzed by sucrose synthase (this enzyme is wrongly ...
The Designer-Synthesizer Debate: What Does a
... When one considers the considerable expense that is associated with developing a drug, it is clearly the responsibility of the chemist to ensure that they are preparing the most optimal compound. To achieve this we have focused our efforts within Abbvie medicinal chemistry toward excellence in desig ...
... When one considers the considerable expense that is associated with developing a drug, it is clearly the responsibility of the chemist to ensure that they are preparing the most optimal compound. To achieve this we have focused our efforts within Abbvie medicinal chemistry toward excellence in desig ...
A1984SR69800002
... coupling method was followed by hectic work i n several directions. Enzymes and enzyme inhibitors were immobilized onto a variety of hydroxylic supports. Not much later, our work on activation of agarose for enzyme immobilization was described, and this work initiated an almost explosive development ...
... coupling method was followed by hectic work i n several directions. Enzymes and enzyme inhibitors were immobilized onto a variety of hydroxylic supports. Not much later, our work on activation of agarose for enzyme immobilization was described, and this work initiated an almost explosive development ...
Lipid Metabolizması - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... • Intermediates in synthesis are linked to -SH groups of acyl carrier proteins (as compared to -SH groups of CoA) • Synthesis in cytosol; breakdown in mitochondria • Enzymes of synthesis are one polypeptide • Biosynthesis uses NADPH/NADP+; breakdown ...
... • Intermediates in synthesis are linked to -SH groups of acyl carrier proteins (as compared to -SH groups of CoA) • Synthesis in cytosol; breakdown in mitochondria • Enzymes of synthesis are one polypeptide • Biosynthesis uses NADPH/NADP+; breakdown ...
Chapter 16 (Part 3)
... • Intermediates in synthesis are linked to -SH groups of acyl carrier proteins (as compared to -SH groups of CoA) • Synthesis in cytosol; breakdown in mitochondria • Enzymes of synthesis are one polypeptide • Biosynthesis uses NADPH/NADP+; breakdown ...
... • Intermediates in synthesis are linked to -SH groups of acyl carrier proteins (as compared to -SH groups of CoA) • Synthesis in cytosol; breakdown in mitochondria • Enzymes of synthesis are one polypeptide • Biosynthesis uses NADPH/NADP+; breakdown ...
Slide 1 - MacWilliams Biology
... I. The Genetic Code A. INTRODUCTION 1. First step in decoding genetic messages transcribe a nucleotide base sequence from DNA to RNA. 2. Transcribed information contains a code for making proteins. 3. Proteins are made by joining amino acids together into long chains, called polypeptides. 4. As ma ...
... I. The Genetic Code A. INTRODUCTION 1. First step in decoding genetic messages transcribe a nucleotide base sequence from DNA to RNA. 2. Transcribed information contains a code for making proteins. 3. Proteins are made by joining amino acids together into long chains, called polypeptides. 4. As ma ...
Medical Biochemistry: Course content 2016/2017
... names, structural formulas for understanding, names of enzymes and coenzymes. ATPconsuming steps, ATP-producing steps = substrate level phosphorylations, redox reactions (aerobically and anaerobically, respectively). Energy balance for glycolysis. ATP-production under aerobic and anaerobic condition ...
... names, structural formulas for understanding, names of enzymes and coenzymes. ATPconsuming steps, ATP-producing steps = substrate level phosphorylations, redox reactions (aerobically and anaerobically, respectively). Energy balance for glycolysis. ATP-production under aerobic and anaerobic condition ...
Biochemistry of neurotransmitters
... The SNARE proteins in the vesicular and presynaptic membranes form complexes in close apposition of the vesicular and the presynaptic membranes. The influx of Ca2+ ions as a result of depolarization into the terminal allows for calcium ions to interact with synaptotagmin, leading to fusion of the ve ...
... The SNARE proteins in the vesicular and presynaptic membranes form complexes in close apposition of the vesicular and the presynaptic membranes. The influx of Ca2+ ions as a result of depolarization into the terminal allows for calcium ions to interact with synaptotagmin, leading to fusion of the ve ...
Exam IV answers
... G) Vitamin B1 (precursor to thiamine pyrophosphate) A cofactor required for alpha-keto acid dehydrogenases (branched-chain alphaketo acid dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase). No help 7. Acute intermittent porphyria (incidence is about 1/10,000) is due to a defect ...
... G) Vitamin B1 (precursor to thiamine pyrophosphate) A cofactor required for alpha-keto acid dehydrogenases (branched-chain alphaketo acid dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase). No help 7. Acute intermittent porphyria (incidence is about 1/10,000) is due to a defect ...
Respiration and Lipid Metabolism Aerobic
... Seeds e.g. commercial oils: sunflower, soybean, peanut, cotton Fruits e.g. avocado, olives 2. Energy Storage – same as above 3. Energy harvest – chlorophylls & carotenoids 4. Membranes – phospholipids 5. Protection – waxes 6. Hormones – isopreness Æ precursors to some hormones (ABA & GA) metabolic p ...
... Seeds e.g. commercial oils: sunflower, soybean, peanut, cotton Fruits e.g. avocado, olives 2. Energy Storage – same as above 3. Energy harvest – chlorophylls & carotenoids 4. Membranes – phospholipids 5. Protection – waxes 6. Hormones – isopreness Æ precursors to some hormones (ABA & GA) metabolic p ...
Pa I I, hl. L. Blasticidin-S: on... Cycloheximide has been used widely as ...
... with blosticidin-S giver significant inhibition of incorporation into protein. incubation with 5Opg/ml blarticidin-S monohydrochloride giver almost complete inhibition of incorporation. is ...
... with blosticidin-S giver significant inhibition of incorporation into protein. incubation with 5Opg/ml blarticidin-S monohydrochloride giver almost complete inhibition of incorporation. is ...
No Slide Title
... NADPH - used in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis (found most in mammary gland, adrenal cortex, liver and adipose tissue) Ribose 5-phosphate - used to synthesize nucleic acids (occurs at high rates in growing and regenerating tissues and in tumors) ...
... NADPH - used in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis (found most in mammary gland, adrenal cortex, liver and adipose tissue) Ribose 5-phosphate - used to synthesize nucleic acids (occurs at high rates in growing and regenerating tissues and in tumors) ...
Amino Acid Metabolism - Breakdown Other metabolic
... NADPH - used in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis (found most in mammary gland, adrenal cortex, liver and adipose tissue) Ribose 5-phosphate - used to synthesize nucleic acids (occurs at high rates in growing and regenerating tissues and in tumors) ...
... NADPH - used in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis (found most in mammary gland, adrenal cortex, liver and adipose tissue) Ribose 5-phosphate - used to synthesize nucleic acids (occurs at high rates in growing and regenerating tissues and in tumors) ...
Proteins: Amino Acids in Three Dimensions
... 3. The C’s and N’s attach to each other. Velcro the C’s and N’s together to form a chain of 4 amino acids. 4. What is the sequence of your peptide (chain of amino acids)? __________-___________-___________-__________ 5. Velcro together each group member’s peptide chain to form one chain. Make sure t ...
... 3. The C’s and N’s attach to each other. Velcro the C’s and N’s together to form a chain of 4 amino acids. 4. What is the sequence of your peptide (chain of amino acids)? __________-___________-___________-__________ 5. Velcro together each group member’s peptide chain to form one chain. Make sure t ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC)
... Mannich type condensation involving aromatic aldehydes, ammonium acetate and ketones having two active methylene groups, resulting in the formation of 2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones, was first reported by Noller and Baliah [5] . The extensive studies undertaken in the past on 4-piperidones have their re ...
... Mannich type condensation involving aromatic aldehydes, ammonium acetate and ketones having two active methylene groups, resulting in the formation of 2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones, was first reported by Noller and Baliah [5] . The extensive studies undertaken in the past on 4-piperidones have their re ...
B- Metabolism of Fat metabolism in the well-fed state
... - In the case of low CHO (post absorptive state) keton bodies and fatty acids are the major fuels in resting muscle. -Increased glycogen synthesis: high level of insulin increase glycogen synthesis. B- Fat metabolism - Fatty acid released by chylomicrones and VLDL by lipoprotein lipase utilized by ...
... - In the case of low CHO (post absorptive state) keton bodies and fatty acids are the major fuels in resting muscle. -Increased glycogen synthesis: high level of insulin increase glycogen synthesis. B- Fat metabolism - Fatty acid released by chylomicrones and VLDL by lipoprotein lipase utilized by ...
Metabolism at Skeletal muscle in the well-fed state
... - In the case of low CHO (post absorptive state) keton bodies and fatty acids are the major fuels in resting muscle. -Increased glycogen synthesis: high level of insulin increase glycogen synthesis. B- Fat metabolism - Fatty acid released by chylomicrones and VLDL by lipoprotein lipase utilized by ...
... - In the case of low CHO (post absorptive state) keton bodies and fatty acids are the major fuels in resting muscle. -Increased glycogen synthesis: high level of insulin increase glycogen synthesis. B- Fat metabolism - Fatty acid released by chylomicrones and VLDL by lipoprotein lipase utilized by ...
632. Polyethylenimine Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles for
... endosomal escape for the nucleotide delivery. The choice of organic reducing agents like formaldehyde /acetaldehyde/ acetyl acetone/tetrahydrofuran hydroperoxide and other similar compounds allow rapid conversion of PEI capped gold cations into AuNPs at room temperature thus controlling the function ...
... endosomal escape for the nucleotide delivery. The choice of organic reducing agents like formaldehyde /acetaldehyde/ acetyl acetone/tetrahydrofuran hydroperoxide and other similar compounds allow rapid conversion of PEI capped gold cations into AuNPs at room temperature thus controlling the function ...
Chapter 5: Nucleic Acids, etc. Nucleotides and Derivatives Nucleic
... (a) AUCGp assumes phosphate between nucleotides (b) ApUpCpGp all phosphates indicated with 'p' Proper Name adenyl-3',5'-uridyl-3',5'-cytidyl-3',5'-guanyl-3'phosphate (only used for small or uncommon oligonucleotides) ...
... (a) AUCGp assumes phosphate between nucleotides (b) ApUpCpGp all phosphates indicated with 'p' Proper Name adenyl-3',5'-uridyl-3',5'-cytidyl-3',5'-guanyl-3'phosphate (only used for small or uncommon oligonucleotides) ...
Oligonucleotide synthesis
Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical synthesis of relatively short fragments of nucleic acids with defined chemical structure (sequence). The technique is extremely useful in current laboratory practice because it provides a rapid and inexpensive access to custom-made oligonucleotides of the desired sequence. Whereas enzymes synthesize DNA and RNA only in a 5' to 3' direction, chemical oligonucleotide synthesis does not suffer from this limitation, although it is, most often, carried out in the opposite, 3' to 5' direction. Currently, the process is implemented as solid-phase synthesis using phosphoramidite method and phosphoramidite building blocks derived from protected 2'-deoxynucleosides (dA, dC, dG, and T), ribonucleosides (A, C, G, and U), or chemically modified nucleosides, e.g. LNA, BNA.To obtain the desired oligonucleotide, the building blocks are sequentially coupled to the growing oligonucleotide chain in the order required by the sequence of the product (see Synthetic cycle below). The process has been fully automated since the late 1970s. Upon the completion of the chain assembly, the product is released from the solid phase to solution, deprotected, and collected. The occurrence of side reactions sets practical limits for the length of synthetic oligonucleotides (up to about 200 nucleotide residues) because the number of errors accumulates with the length of the oligonucleotide being synthesized. Products are often isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain the desired oligonucleotides in high purity. Typically, synthetic oligonucleotides are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules around 15–25 bases in length.Oligonucleotides find a variety of applications in molecular biology and medicine. They are most commonly used as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, primers for DNA sequencing and amplification, probes for detecting complementary DNA or RNA via molecular hybridization, tools for the targeted introduction of mutations and restriction sites, and for the synthesis of artificial genes.